ืคืขื˜ืจื•ืก ืกื•ื•ืึทื ืกืึธืŸ ืก ืฉืคึผื™ืฅ 3 ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ

ื“ืึธืก ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืืžืขืจื™ืงืื ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ Peter ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืœ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืคึผืจื™ื˜ืขื ื“ื™ื ื’ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึท ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืจื•ืคืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืกื•ื•ืึทื ืกืึธืŸ, ืขืก ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ืจื” ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืฆื• ื™ื‘ืขืจืžืึทื›ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื•ื•ืึทืจืฅ ื“ื–ืฉืขื ื“ืขืจ ืžืขืจ ื ืึธืจื“ื™ืง. ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืขืก ืกืึธื•ื ื“ืก ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืึธืก, ื•ื•ื™ ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืจืึธืคึผืข ืื•ืŸ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืฆื• ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืจืึธืžืึทื ื˜ื™ืฉ ืžืขืฉื™ื•ืช.

ื“ื–ืฉืึธื•ืงืก ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ, ื“ื™ ืคืขื˜ืจื•ืก ืกื•ื•ืึทื ืกืึธืŸ ื ืึธื•ื•ืขืœื™ืกื˜ (ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ืึทืกืคึผืขืงืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื‘ืึทื•ื•ื•ืกื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทื˜ืœืึทื ื˜ื™ืง) ืึทืคึผืจืึธื•ื˜ืฉื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืœืึทื ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ื™ื™ึทื–ื™ืง ืคื•ื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืกื™ื›ืืœืื’ื™ืฉืŸ ืฉืคึผืึทื ื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืึทื˜ื•ืจืึทืœื™ื™ื–ื“ ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืกื™ื ืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืš ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื– ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคื™ื™ืกื™ื ื’ ืึท ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขื›ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืงืขืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจื™ื™ื–ื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืคึผื™ืงืึทืœ ืกื™ืจืงืึทื“ื™ืึทืŸ ืจื™ื“ืึทืžื– ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆืคื•ืŸ, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืึท ื˜ื™ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืฃ ืคืึทืจื™ื™ื ื™ืงื˜ืข ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึทืคึผืึทืฆื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื™ื™ื‘ื™ืง ื™ื‘ืขืจืจืึทืฉืŸ ...

ื“ื™ ื ืึธื™ืจ ื–ืฉืึทื ืจืึท ืึทื˜ืฉื™ื•ื•ื– ืื™ืŸ ืกื•ื•ืึทื ืกืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึธื“ื ืข ื•ื•ื™ืจืงื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืœืึทื ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืึธื’. ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ื“ืขื“ื•ืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืกื™ืžื– ืฆื• ืจื™ืงืจื™ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืคึผืจื™ืกื˜ื™ื ืข ืคึผืึธืœื™ืฆื™ื™ึท, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขื›ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื‘ืกืึธืœื•ื˜ ืึธื•ืคึผืึทื ืึทืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขืงืจื™ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืึทืžืึทื ืึทืก ืคืึทื ื˜ืึทืกื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขื›ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคืœื™ื›ื˜. ืฉื•ื•ืึทืจืฅ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทืœืข ื˜ื™ื™ืกืฅ ...

Top 3 ืจืขืงืึทืžืขื ื“ื™ื“ ืจืืžืื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ Peter Swanson

ื ื“ื™ื–ืขืจื•ื•ื“ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜

ื•ื•ื™ ืคื™ืœืข ืžืึธืœ ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืื’ื˜: ืื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื˜ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื™ืจ! ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื›ื™ื™ืคึผืขืจื‘ืึทืœื™ืง ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ื™ืงืกืคึผืึธื•ื–ื“ ืฆื• ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืฉื›ื ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื”ืขืึทื˜ืขื“ ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜, ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื ื•ืึทื ืกื™ื– ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืงืึธืžื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืžืึทืงืึทื‘ืขืจ: ... ืื™ืš ื ืึธืจ ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื•ื•ื• ืฆื• ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืขืก /... ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืขืœ ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืขืก ืžื™ื˜ ื”ื•ืžืึธืจ /... ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืš ืœืึธื–ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึทืœื‘ -ืึธื˜ืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘

ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš, ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื˜ืจืึทื’ื™ืฉ ื–ืึทืš ืื™ื– ืึทื– ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื™ืขื ืข ื•ื•ืึธืก ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึท ืืžืช ืคึผืœืึทืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืฆื• ื•ื•ืึธื’ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืงืึทืจืžืึท. ืžืึธืจื“ ื›ืึธื ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืœ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ื– ื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜. ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื“ื™ ื’ืขื–ืขืฅ ืื™ื– ืคึผืจื™ื“ืึทื“ ื‘ื™ื™ ื“ื™ ืžืึธื“ืขืจืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืฆื• ื•ื™ืกืžื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผื–ืึทืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืึทื ื˜ื™ื™ืžืœื™ ื ืขืงืึธืžืข ืึธื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื•ืจืขื.

ืœื™ืœื™ืข ื˜ืึทืงืข ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืฆื• ื˜ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึท ืงืœื™ื˜ืฉื™ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืึท ื‘ื™ื™ื– ืงืœื™ื˜ืฉื™. ืื™ืจ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื“ื™ ืึทื•ื•ืขืง ืคื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืฆื• ื™ืงืกืคึผืึทื ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืกื•ื•ื™ื•ื•ืข ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืื˜ ืœืึธื•ื“ื™ื“ ืื™ืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืœืึทื ื“ื–ืฉื™ื– ืื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื™ื™ืœื™ืึทื ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ.

ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืึธืš ืœื™ืœื™ ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ึท ืขื ื“ืก. ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืขืก ืขืจ ืื™ื–, ืื™ืจ ื–ื•ื›ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ื™ืกืึทืคึผื™ืจืึทื ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ืžืก. ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืง ื–ืึทืš ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ืึทื– ืœื™ืœื™ ื™ื ื˜ืจืึทื“ื•ืกื™ื– ืื•ื ื“ื– ื“ื™ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืคึฟืึทืจ ืžืึธืจื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืœืึทื ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก. ื“ืขืจ ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทื˜ืึทื•ื•ื™ืกื˜ื™ืง ืคืึธืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ืฅ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ื™ืง ื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื ื’ืงืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทื ื™ืžืึทืœืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืคื™ืจืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืฆื• ื‘ืขืกื˜ื™ืึทืœื™ื˜ื™.

ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืคึผื™ืจืึทืžื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืŸ ื™ืงืึธื•ืกื™ืกื˜ืึทื, ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืึทื ื™ืžืึทืœืก ื˜ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข. ืจื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึทืจื˜ ื ื™ืฆืœ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืึทื˜ื•ืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจื˜ืœืขืš ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึธื ืคื™ืจื•ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืึทื ืกืขืกื˜ืจืึทืœ ื•ื•ืึธื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ืงืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ.

ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขืš ืžืื˜ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืžืึธืจื“ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื™ื ื•ื•ื™ื™ื“ื™ื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ืคื™ืœืข ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืงืึทื ื“ื™ืฉืึทื ื™ื ื’ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื“ื™ืคืขืจืขื ื˜ืฉืึทืœ ืคืึทืงื˜: ืกื™ื‘ื” ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืคืœ ืคึผืึธื˜ืขื ืฆื™ืขืœ ื“ืจื™ืคืฅ. ืฆื™ ืื™ืจ ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ืœื™ืœื™ ืงืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฆื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืžืึธื˜ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืžืึธืจื“?

ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ื˜ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืจืึธืžืึทืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืง ืฆื• ืึทื ื˜ื“ืขืงืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืคื™ืจืŸ ืึท "ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ" ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืฆื• ืึท ืžืขืจื“ืขืจ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ืš ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื‘ื™ื™ื– ืขืžืคึผืึทื˜ื™, ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื ื“ืกื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืึธืจื™ืข ืื™ืจ ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ืึทื– ื™ืึธ, ืื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืงืขืŸ ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื•ื•ืขื’ ืฆื• ื ื™ืฆืœ ...

ื ื“ื™ื–ืขืจื•ื•ื“ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜

ืึทื›ื˜ ืฉืœื™ื™ืžืขืกื“ื™ืง ืจืฆื™ื—ื”

ืึทื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืขืงืก, ื•ื•ื™ ื‘ื•ืœืœืคื™ื’ื”ืฅ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืฆื• ืžืขืœื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืจื’ืึทื ื’ืขื ื”ื™ื™ื˜. ื“ื™ ืคื•ื ื˜ ืื™ื– ืึทื– ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืœื™ื™ืžืขืกื“ื™ืง ื•ื•ืขื’ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืคึฟื•ื ืขืŸ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืึทื– ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึทื ืึทืœ ืฆื• ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ื•ื•ื• ื“ื™ ืคื™ื ื™ืฉื™ื ื’ ื”ืึทื ื˜ ืื™ื– ... ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ ืงื•ื ืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึธืจื“ ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ.

ืžื™ื˜ ืคึฟื•ืคึฟืฆืŸ ื™ืึธืจ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ืกื˜ืขืจื™ืขื– ืจืึธืžืึทืŸ ืึทื‘ึฟื™ืŸ ืžืึทืœืงืึธืœื ืงืขืจืฉืื• ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืึท ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืื•ื™ืคึฟืŸ ื‘ืœืึธื’ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจืงืจืึธื ื•ื•ื•ึผ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขืึทืจื‘ืขื˜, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื›ืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืžืขื ื˜ืŸ; ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื’ืขืจืึธื˜ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืืจื™ืฉืข ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข. ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื™ื˜ืœ Eight Perfect Murders ืื•ืŸ ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ืงืœืึทืกื™ืงืก ืคื•ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื•ื•ืึทืจืฅ ื–ืฉืึทื ืจืึท: Agatha Christie, James M. Cain, Patricia Highsmith ...

ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ, Kershaw, ืื™ืฆื˜ ืึท ืึทืœืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงืึธ-ื‘ืึทื–ื™ืฆืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ึท ื‘ื•ืงืกื˜ืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืึธืกื˜ืึธืŸ, ืื™ื– ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขื›ืืคื˜ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึทืŸ ืขืค ื‘ื™ ืื™ื™ ืึทื’ืขื ื˜ ืงืœืึทืคึผื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืคืจื™ื™ื“ ืคืขื‘ืจื•ืืจ ื˜ืึธื’, ื–ื•ื›ื˜ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืึท ื’ืึธื•ืœื™ืฉ ืกืขืจื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืึทื ืึทืœื•ื•ื“ ืจืฆื™ื—ื” ื•ื•ืึธืก ื™ืจืึทืœื™ ืจื™ื–ืขืžื‘ืึทืœื– ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืขืจ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงืœื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ืื™ื ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืึทืœื˜ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ... ืื™ื– ืขืก ื“ื™ ืฉืœื™ื™ืžืขืกื“ื™ืง ืžืึธืจื“? ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืขืœ ืื•ืŸ ืงืœื•ื’ ื˜ื”ืจื™ืœืœืขืจ, ืคืขื˜ืจื•ืก ืกื•ื•ืึทื ืกืึธืŸ ืžืึทืกื˜ืขืจืคืึทืœื™ ื‘ืœืขืจื– ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื•ื ื“ืจื™ื– ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึทืงื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืœืขื˜ืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืง, ืื•ืŸ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื˜ื•ืจื ืก ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืจื™ืคึผื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืคืขืจื™ืฉ ืคึผืœืึทื ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื ืึธื•ืกื˜ืึทืœื’ื™ืง ืฆื™ื ื“ื– ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื‘ืจื™ืœื™ืึทื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืึทื˜ืฉื™ื•ื•ื“ ืงืจื™ื™ืžื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื˜ืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ.

ืึทื›ื˜ ืฉืœื™ื™ืžืขืกื“ื™ืง ืจืฆื™ื—ื”

ื ื•ื•ืึทืš ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ื”ืึทืจืฅ

ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ืึทื ื’ืขื ื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืงืขืจื˜ ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ืคืจื™ื™ ืฆื• ื’ืจื™ื ื’ืขืจ ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืกืึทืจืึธื•ื–. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืื™ืฆื˜ื™ืงืข ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืคืœืขืš ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืฆื• ื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ...

ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืคืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืคืจื™ื™ื˜ืื’, ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืจื™ื“ื™ืงื˜ืึทื‘ืึทืœ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ George Foss ื ืขืžื˜ ืึทืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืขืจื™ื›ื˜ ืงืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ืฉื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ื ื’ ืคืจื•ื™ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืืจื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืฆื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืจ ืงืขืกื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืึธืคื˜. ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ื•ื•ื™ ืœื™ืึทื ืึท, ืึท ืคืจื•ื™ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจืฉื•ื•ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื•ืึทื ืฆื™ืง ื™ืึธืจ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง.

ืึธื‘ืขืจ Liana Dector ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืึทืŸ ืขืงืก-ื›ืึทื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืข ืึธื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืœื™ื‘ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื–ื™ ื›ื™ื™ื“ื– ืึท ื’ืขืคืขืจืœืขืš ืขื ื™ื’ืžืึท ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืงืึทืœื˜ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื™ืง ืžืึธืจื“. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื“ืขืกืคึผืขืจืึทื˜ืœื™ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื“ื–ืฉืืจื–ืฉ ืก ื”ื™ืœืฃ. ืื™ืจ ืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืง ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืกื•ืžืข, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื–ืฉืืจื–ืฉ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืงืฆืึธืœืŸ ืขืก.

ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ืึธืจ ืึท ื˜ื•ื™ื•ื•ืข, ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืฉืขื” ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ. ื“ื–ืฉืืจื–ืฉ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืึทื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืขืคึฟืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืจ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืขืจ ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื”ืขืœืคืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืฉืœื•ืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืึทืจืึธืคึผื•ื•ืึทืจืคืŸ ืื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื›ื•ื•ืขืจืœื•ื•ื™ื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื’ื˜, ืกื™ืงืจื™ืฅ, ื‘ื™ื˜ืจื™ื™ืึทืœ ืื•ืŸ ืžืึธืจื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืึทื ื˜ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ. ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืึทื– ื“ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคึผืึทืกื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื–, ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจื’ืึทื ื’ืขื ื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืงื•ืžื˜ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง.

ื ื•ื•ืึทืš ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ื”ืึทืจืฅ
ืงื•ืจืก ืคึผืึธืกื˜ืŸ

ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’

ื“ืขื ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ื ื™ืฆื˜ ืึทืงื™ืกืžืขื˜ ืฆื• ืจืขื“ื•ืฆื™ืจืŸ ืกืคึผืึทื. ืœืขืจืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึธืžืขื ื˜ืึทืจ ื“ืึทื˜ืข ืื™ื– ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกื˜.