ื“ื™ 3 ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ Joseph Mitchell

ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ืฉื•ืจื ืึทืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืข ื›ืจืึธื ื™ืงืขืจืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืจืขืึทืœื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ. ื—ื•ืฅ ืฆื• ืคืึธืจืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉ ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ, ื’ื™ื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ Joseph Mitchell ืึธื“ืขืจ ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืขืžื™ื ื’ื•ื•ื™ื™ึท o ืคืึทื•ืœืงื ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ ื™ืงืขืจื“ื™ืง ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืขืจืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืžื™ื•ื˜ืขื“ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืจืขืึทืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฆื• ืคึผืœืึธืžื‘ื™ืจืŸ ืฉืคืืœื˜ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึธื›ืขื“ื™ืง ืขืคึผืึธืก, ืึธื“ืขืจ ืจืึธืžืึทื ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึธื•ื•ื•ืขืจื•ื•ืขืœืžื“ ืฆื• ืคื™ืœ ืžืขืจ ืงืึธืžืคึผืœื™ืฆื™ืจื˜ ืึทืกืึทืžืคึผืฉืึทื ื– ืื™ืŸ ืคืึธืจืขื ืื•ืŸ ืžืึทื˜ืขืจื™ืข.

ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืึธืจืึทืกืคึผืึทื ื“ื– ืฆื• ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืžื™ื˜ืฉืขืœ, ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ืงืึธืกืžืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืœื™ื’ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึทื– ืœืขื“ื–ืฉืึทื ื“ืขืจื™ ื ื™ื• ื™ืืจืง ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืคึผืึทืจืึทื“ื™ื’ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ XNUMX ื™ืึธืจื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืœื™ื ื™ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžืึทื“ืขืจื ืึทื˜ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืœืข ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืขื“ื–ืฉืึทื–. ืขืคึผืึทืกืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืขืงืŸ ืงืึทืœื˜ืฉืขืจื– ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืงืึธื ืคืœื™ืงื˜, ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืœื™ื™ืฅ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฉืึทื“ืึธื•ื–.

ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ื˜ืึธื ื•ื•ืึธืœืฃ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืคึฟื•ื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืฉืขืœ ื“ื™ ืงืœืึธืจืข ืจืขืคึฟืขืจืขื ืฅ, ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžืขืŸ ืงืขืŸ ืฉืคืขื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ื™ืฉืข ืกืขื˜ื˜ื™ื ื’ืก, ืึธื ื’ืขืœืึธื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืกืคึผืขืจืึทื˜ื™ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืคืึธื•ืงื™ืกื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืขืจืกืขืคึผืฉืึทื ื–. ืึทืŸ ืื•ืžืื•ืžืขื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืžืงื•ืจ, ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืžืขืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ืคึฟืึทืจืฉืึทืคึฟืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื•ื™ื˜ื™ืงืกื˜ืข ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ื›ึผื“ื™ ืฆื• ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืึท XNUMXืกื˜ืŸ ื™ืึธืจื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜, ื•ื•ื•ึผ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืฉื˜ืขื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคึฟื’ืขื•ื•ืขืงื˜ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจื™ืฉืข ืื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขื›ืข ืขืกืึทื ืก.

Top 3 ืจืขืงืึทืžืขื ื“ื™ื“ ืกืคืจ ืคื•ืŸ Joseph Mitchell

ื“ื–ืฉืึธื• ื’ืึธื•ืœื“ ืก ืกื•ื“

ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขืš ืœืึทื ื“ืฉืึทืคื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืฉื˜ืขื˜ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืึธืคืคืขืจืก ืคืึทืกืึทื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื•ื•ื™ื–ืฉืึทื ื–. ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืงื•ืงืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื™ื’ื–ื•ื‘ืขืจืึทื ืก ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื›ืึทืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืืคื•ื™ืœืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื•ืžื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ืœืขืš ืงืึธืœื™ืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ ืžื™ื˜ืœืžืขืกื™ืงื™ื™ื˜. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื–ืฉืึธื• ื’ืึธื•ืœื“ ืก ืกื•ื“, ื˜ืึธืžืขืจ ืึธืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืขืก ื–ื™ืš. ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืขืจ ื”ืื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ื“ืขื” ืฆื• ืคืึธืงื•ืก ื•ืคืžืขืจืงื–ืึทืžืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ื™ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืขืก ืฆื• ื•ื•ื™ื–ืฉืึทื ื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทื ื˜ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืึทื– ืงืœืึธืจ ื’ืจื•ื™.

ื•ื•ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืคืขืจื“ื™ื ืึทื ื“ ื’ืึธื•ืœื“, ื“ืขืจ ืึธืคื ื”ืึทืจืฆื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื’ ืคึผืจืึธื•ื˜ืึทื’ืึทื ืึทืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืงืขื˜ืฉืึทื–? ื“ืขืจ ื–ื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ืข ื˜ืจืื“ื™ืฆื™ืื ืขืœืข ืคืืžื™ืœื™ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ืžืืกืื˜ืฉื•ืกืขื˜ืก, ื”ืื˜ ืคืืจืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ื”ืืจื•ื•ืืจื“, ืื™ืŸ 1916 ื”ืื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขื‘ืจืื›ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืืœืข ืคืืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืื“ื™ืฆื™ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื ื™ื• ืขื ื’ืœืื ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืื•ื•ืขืง ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื• ื™ืืจืง, ื•ื•ืื• ืขืจ ื”ืื˜ ื‘ืืœื“ ื ืื›ื“ืขื ืื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืขื˜ืŸ.

ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื˜ ืฆื™ืœ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ืขืจืง, ืึท ืžืึธื ื•ืžืขื ื˜ืึทืœืข ืžื™ื ื“ืœืขื›ืข ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜, ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ืึทืžืœืขืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ื™ืึทืœืึธื’ืŸ, ื‘ื™ืึธื’ืจืึทืคึฟื™ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืึธืจื˜ืจืขื˜ืŸ ืคึฟื•ื ืขื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขื›ืŸ ืžื•ืจืึทืฉืงืขื•ื•ื™ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืžืึทื ื”ืขื˜ืŸ. Ezra Pound ืื•ืŸ EE Cummings, ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืคื™ืœืข ืื ื“ืขืจืข, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืคึฟื™ืœื• ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืžืึทื’ืึทื–ื™ื ื–; ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ืœ ืื™ื– ื’ืืœื“ ื’ืขืฉืœืืคืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื’ืืกืŸ ืื“ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจื™ืงืข ื”ืื˜ืขืœืŸ, ืงื•ื™ื ื’ืขื’ืขืกืŸ, ืื ื’ืขื˜ืืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืžืื˜ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืืก ื–ื™ื™ื ืข ื’ืจื™ื ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉ ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ื“ื–ืฉ ื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ ืื“ืขืจ ืžืืœืขืจ ืคืจื™ื™ื ื˜ ื”ืื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืจืื’ืŸ.

ืื• ืŸ ื›ืื˜ ืฉ ืข ืก ืื™ ื– ื’ืขืฐืข ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืข ืŸ ืฆ ื• ื–ืข ืŸ ืื™ ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืจ ืŸ ืื• ืŸ ื ืื›ืžืื› ืŸ ื“ืข ื ืคืœื™ื˜ ืŸ ืคื• ืŸ ื ืžืขืฃ , ื”ื ื˜ ื–ื™ ืš ื–ืฒ ืŸ ืžื•ื™ืœึพื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ ืข , ืฐืขืœื› ืข ืงืฒื ืข ืจ ื”ื ื˜ ื ื ืš ื ื™ืฉ ื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ , ืฉื•ื™ ืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืข ืŸ ื ื’ืขืฐื™ืก ืŸ ืคืจืขืกื˜ื™ื–ืฉ . ื‘ืฒึทื ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื’ื•ืœื“ ืื™ืŸ 1957, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืคึฟืจืฒึทื ื“ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืึท ืœืึทื ื’ืข ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืึทืจื™ืžื˜ืŸ ืžืึทื ื•ืกืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืงืŸ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ื“ื–ืฉ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื›ื˜.

ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืจืึทืฉื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืขืงืกืคึผืขื“ื™ืฆื™ืข, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทื ื˜ืคึผืœืขืงื˜ ื“ืขื "ืกื•ื“", ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื™ื˜ืœ ืจืขืคึฟืขืจื™ืจื˜, ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืžื™ื˜ืฉืขืœ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื›ืจืึธื ื™ืง. ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื˜ืขื ืข ื’ืขืœืขื’ืขื ื”ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ืฉื•ืจื ืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืง ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื’ืขื ื™ืึทืœืขืจ ืžื—ื‘ืจ; ืขืก ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืื•ื™ืš ืึท ืจื™ื–ื™ืงืŸ ื›ืึทืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจ "ื“ืขืจ ืœืขืฆื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืึธื”ืขืžื™ืŸ", ื•ื•ื™ ื’ืึธืœื“ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ, ืจืื˜ืขื•ื•ืขื˜ ื“ืขื ืจืึธืžืึทื ื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ืื™ื“ืขืึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื‘ืึทื–ื™ืฆื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืง, ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื“ืžืขื˜ ื“ืขืจืžื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ื ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงืŸ, ื“ืึธืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื›ื™ื™ื•ื• ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขื›ืข ืขื ืขืจื’ื™ืข ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื™ื•-ื™ืึธืจืง. ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืขืจืฆื™ืงืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคึฟื•ืคึฟืฆื™ืงืขืจ ื™ืึธืจ, "ื“ื–ืฉืึธ ื’ืึธืœื“ืก ืกื•ื“" ืื™ื– ืึท ื‘ื•ืš ืฆื• ื’ืขื ื™ืกืŸ ืฉื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ื™ ืฉื•ืจื”, ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืœื™ืจืŸ ืคึผืจื˜ื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื˜ื™ื™ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืจื™ื™ื›ืข ื‘ืึทื˜ืฒึทื˜ ืœืึทื ื’ ื ืึธื›ืŸ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ.

ื“ื™ ื“ื ืึธ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืจื˜

ื“ื™ ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึทื ืคืœื•ืึทื ืก ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื“ืกืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื–ืจื— ื˜ื™ื™ืš ืื™ื– ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืง ืกืคึผื™ื™ืกืึทื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ื˜ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื‘ืœื™ืง. ื ืึธืจื˜ ื•ื•ื• ืขืจื™ื™ื•ื•ืึทืœื– ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ ืขืžื™ื’ืจืึทื ืฅ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ื™ื•ื•ืึธื•ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืกื˜ืึทื ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืœืขืกืึธืฃ ืคึผื™ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื•ืจืš ื’ื™ื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ ืžื™ื˜ืฉืขืœ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทืกืขืก.

ืคื• ืŸ ื“ ื™ ืคืืจืฉืฒื“ืขื  ืข ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ , ืื™ ืŸ ืฐืขืœื› ืข ื– ืฒ ื–ืฒื ืข ืŸ ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขื ื’ืขื ื•ืžืข ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืืจืŸ , ืื™ ื– ื“ื ืก ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ ืง ื’ืข ึพ ื”ืืœื˜ ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืืจ ืŸ ืคื ืจ ื“ืข ืจ ื‘ืขืกื˜ืข ืจ ืื• ืŸ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืฒืข ืจ ืคื• ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืฉืขืœ ืŸ ืกื˜ื™ืœ . ืขืก ื‘ืจืขื ื’ื˜ ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืฃ ื–ืขืงืก ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœืขืš ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ 1940ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ 1950ืขืจ ื™ืืจืŸ, ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ืžืืคื”ืขื ื’ื™ืงืข ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ืŸ, ืื‘ืขืจ ืคืืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืก ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ, ื•ื•ื™ื™ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืืœืข ื•ื•ืื ื“ืขืจื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื ื™ื• ื™ืืจืงืขืจ ื™ื-ืคืจืื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจื–ื•ื›ื˜ ื ืฉื˜ืื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ื•ืขืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ืจื™ืกื˜ ืคืื•ืกื˜ืงืึทืจื˜ืŸ. ืžื™ื˜ืฉืขืœ ื‘ืืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืจื˜ ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ, ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื“ืกืึธืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ืกื˜ ื˜ื™ื™ืš, ื“ื™ ืคื™ืฉ ืžืึทืจืง, ื“ื™ ืื™ืฆื˜-ื“ื™ืคืึทื ื’ืงื˜ ื•ื™ืกื˜ืขืจ ืคืึทืจืžื™ื ื’ ืคืึทืกื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ื–, ืึทืŸ ืึทืœื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ืก - ื•ื™ืœืขื ืื•ื™ืฃ ืกื˜ืึทื˜ืขืŸ ืื™ื ื–ืœ, ื‘ืึทืจื’ืขืก, ื‘ืึทืจื’ืขืก, ืคื™ืฉืขืจื™ื™ึท ื‘ืึธื•ืฅ ืื•ืŸ ื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืง ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืึทื–ืึท ื•ื•ื™ ืกืœืึทืคึผื™ ืœื•ื™, ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื–ื™ืฆืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืจืขืกื˜ืึธืจืึทืŸ.

ืคึผืึธืจื˜ืจืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ื•ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื“ืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืœืขื’ืขื ื“ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹ืคืึทืจื’ืึทื ื’ืขื ื”ื™ื™ื˜, ืคื•ืŸ ืขืงืกืฆืขื ื˜ืจื™ืฉ ื˜ื™ื™ืคึผืก, ื“ืขืจ ื“ื ืึธ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืึทืจื‘ืึธื•ืจ ืื™ื– ืึท ื•ื•ื•ื ื“ืขืจืœืขืš ื›ืจืึธื ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื ื™ื• ื™ืืจืง ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจืข ื‘ืื•ื•ื•ื™ื ืขืจ: ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืงืœืึทืก ื–ืฉื•ืจื ืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ. 

ื“ื™ ื“ื ืึธ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืจื˜

McSorley ืก ืคืึทื‘ื™ืึทืœืึทืก ื˜ืึทื•ื•ืขืจืŸ

ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ื™ื• ื™ืืจืง ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืฉืขืœ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืจืืŸ ืœืขื‘ืื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉ. ื˜ืืŸ ื–ืฉื•ืจื ืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืง, ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขืš ื›ืจืึธื ื™ืง, ืกืึทื˜ื™ืจืข ืึธื“ืขืจ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฆื™ื˜ื™ืจื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืขื ื“ืก ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืขื ื“ืึทื ื˜ ื›ืจืึธื ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ืœืขืš, ื‘ืึทืคึผื•ืฆืŸ ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆืึธืจืขื“ื™ืง ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืึทื“ืžืจืึทื‘ืึทืœ. ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื“ื™ ืฆืึธืจืขืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืžืึธื•ืžืึทื ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื›ื‘ื•ื“, ื‘ืฉืขืช ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ื ืกืขืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืจื™ืกืึทื•ื ื“ื™ื ื’ ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื“ ืคึผืึทืœื™ืฉื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืคืจืขื ื–ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ืก.

ื‘ืึธืจื“ื™ื“ ืคืจื•ื™ืขืŸ, ืฆื™ื’ื™ื™ึทื ืขืจ, ื’ืึธื•ืจืžืขืฅ, ืงืขืœื ืขืจืก, ื™ื ื“ื™ืึทืŸ ื˜ื•ืขืจืก, ื‘ืึธื”ืขืžื™ืึทื ืก, ื•ื•ื™ื–ืฉืึทื ืขืจื™ื–, ืคืื ืื˜ื™ืงืขืจืก, ื™ืžืคึผืึธืกื˜ืขืจื– ืื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืžื™ื ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืคืึทืœืŸ ื ืฉืžื•ืช ืึทืจื•ืžืจื™ื ื’ืœืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื–ืึทืžืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ืื ืฆื™ืง ื›ืจืึธื ื™ืงืœืขืก ืืจื•ื™ืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื™ื• ื™ืืจืงืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื“ืžืขื˜ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื•ืคื™ื™ืœื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืขืงื–ืึธื˜ื™ืฉ. ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜.

ืึทืœืข ืคึผืขืจืกืึธื ืึทื–ืฉืŸ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืคืœื™ื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžืึทื›ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉืึทืคึฟืŸ ืึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืขืจื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืœืขื›ืข ืคึฟืจืขืกืงืึธ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 30ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ 40ืขืจ ื™ืึธืจืŸ, ืึท ื’ืึธืœื“ืขื ืข ืชึผืงื•ืคึฟื”, ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืฆืขืฉืžืขืœื˜ืขืจ ื˜ืึธืคึผ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืื™ื– ื ื™ื•ึพื™ืึธืจืง, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืžืขืงื˜.

McSorley ืก ืคืึทื‘ื™ืึทืœืึทืก ื˜ืึทื•ื•ืขืจืŸ
ืงื•ืจืก ืคึผืึธืกื˜ืŸ

ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’

ื“ืขื ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ื ื™ืฆื˜ ืึทืงื™ืกืžืขื˜ ืฆื• ืจืขื“ื•ืฆื™ืจืŸ ืกืคึผืึทื. ืœืขืจืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึธืžืขื ื˜ืึทืจ ื“ืึทื˜ืข ืื™ื– ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกื˜.