ื“ื™ 10 ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื˜ืึทืœื™ืขื ื™ืฉ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืขืจืก

ื–ืฉืึทื ืจืึท ืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ืฉืึทื ืจืึท ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืกื™ืžืžืขื˜ืจื™ืขืก ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืื™ื˜ืึทืœื™ืขื ื™ืฉ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืคึผืึทื ื™ืฉ. ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึท ืฉืขืจื“ ืžืขื“ื™ื˜ืขืจืจืึทื ืขืึทืŸ ื–ืึทืš, ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืื™ื“ื™ืึธืกื™ื ืงืจืึทืกื™ ืจืขืคึผืœื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื–ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืžืขืจื‘ ื‘ืจืขื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ Mare Nostrum. ื“ื™ ืขื ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื XNUMXื˜ืŸ ื™ืืจื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜, ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจืขืœืข ืกื™ืžื‘ื™ื™ืึธื•ืกืข ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ื ื’ืจืขืกืขืจืข ืึทืงืงืึธืžืžืึธื“ืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืจืขืคืขืจืขื ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ. ื–ื™ื ื˜ Vazquez Montalban ืžื™ื˜ Camilleri ืฆื• Josรฉ Luis Sampedro ืžื™ื˜ Italo Calvino.

ืคื™ืœืข ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ืžืขืจ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ื’ืœื™ื™ึทื›ื’ื™ืœื˜ื™ืง ืกื™ื ืขืจื“ื–ืฉื™ื– ืื•ื™ืฃ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื–ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืึทื– ื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืคืึทืœ ืื™ื– ืึท ืขื ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืืžื•ื ื”. ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืฉืคึผืึทื ื™ืฉ ืจืขืคืขืจืขื ืฆืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืคึผื™ืฅ, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื”ื ืื” ื“ื™ ืื™ื˜ืึทืœื™ืขื ื™ืฉ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื–ื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืคึผื™ื’ืœ.

ืขืก ื›ืึทืคึผืึทื ื– ืžื™ื˜ ืžื•ื–ื™ืง ืึธื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืงื•ื ืกื˜. ื“ ื™ ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืŸ ื–ืขื ืข ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ ืง ืื™ ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ ืŸ ืื ืฉื˜ืืœ , ืฐื ืก ืฉื˜ืืžืข ืŸ ืคืจืืงื˜ื™ ืง ืคื• ืŸ ื“ืข ืจ ื˜ืขืœืขืจื™ืฉืข , ืคื• ืŸ ื“ืข ืจ ื’ืขืื’ืจืืคื™ืฉืข ืจ ืœืืงืืฆื™ืข , ืคื• ืŸ ืงืœื™ืžืื˜ ืข ืื• ืŸ ืืคื™ืœ ื• ืคื• ืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ . ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื‘ืึทื’ืจื™ืกืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ื™ื ืคืœื•ืึทื ืกื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ืงื•ื ืกื˜ ื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืžืึทื›ืฅ ื™ื™ื“ื™ืึทืกื™ื ืงืจืึทืกื™ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืจื•ื ื˜ ืกืึธื ืึทื˜ืึท ื•ื•ืึธืก ืจืึทืงืก ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืง.

ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืขืจืก ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื˜ืืœื™ืข ืจืขืกืงื™ื•ื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขื ืคึผืœืึทืฅ. ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืงืึทืžืขื ื˜ืึทื“ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืขืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคื™ืœืข ืžืืœ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืš ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงืขืŸ ืขืก ืึทืžืึธืœ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ, ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื ืึทื˜ื™ืจืœืขืš ื•ื•ื•ื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ XNUMX ืื•ืŸ XNUMX ืกืขื ื˜ืฉืขืจื™ื–. ืฆื• ื•ื™ืกืžื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืกื˜ืึทื ื™ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืงืœืึทืกื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผื™ื•ืจื™ืกืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึธืจื˜ ...

Top 10 ืจืขืงืึทืžืขื ื“ื™ื“ ืื™ื˜ืึทืœื™ืขื ื™ืฉ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืขืจืก

ื•ืžื‘ืขืจื˜ืึธ ืขืงืึธ

ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืึท ืคึผืขืจืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ื˜ ืกืขืžื™ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืกื˜ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืจืืžืื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืคืึธื•ืงืึทื•ืœื˜ ืก ืคึผืขื ื“ื•ืœื•ื ืึธื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื–ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืึธื’ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืžืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืจื•ื•ื•ืŸ. ื•ืžื‘ืขืจื˜ืึธ ืขืงืึธ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืคื™ืœ ื’ืขื•ื•ืื•ืกื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ืกื™ืžื‘ืึธืœืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืžืขื ื˜ืฉื”ื™ื™ื˜, ืึทื– ืขืจ ืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืกืคึผื™ืœื™ื ื’ ื—ื›ืžื” ืื•ืžืขื˜ื•ื ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื‘ืขืœืขื˜ืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืง ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ื™ึทื˜ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ.

ืื™ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ (ืื•ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคื™ืœืข ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืœืขืกืึธืฃ), ื–ื™ื™ ืงืขืŸ ื•ื™ืกืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื’ืขื“ื™ื›ื˜ ืจืืžืื ืขืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึท ืคืึทืกืึทื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืกื•ื“ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื ื˜ืคืœืขืงื˜ ืื™ื– ื™ื ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ื™ื“, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืขืก ืฆื• ืกืœืึธื•ืœื™, ืกืงืจื•ื˜ื™ื ื™ื–ื™ื ื’ ื“ืขื˜ืึทื™ืœืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทื ื˜ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธืกื˜ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืึธืจืขื˜ื™ืฉ ื˜ื™ืคืขื ื™ืฉืŸ.

ืื™ืฆื˜ ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืœื™ื ืงืก ืื•ื ื“ื–, ืžื™ืจ ืงืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืคื™ืจืŸ ืื™ื. ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืขื’ืึทื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ื™ืŸ o Javier Sierra ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืืฆื™ืื ืืœืข ืคึผืึทื ืึธืจืึทืžืึท, ืฆื• ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื™ื•ืจืฉื™ื. ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ื™ื ื’ ืขืก, ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืงืจืึทื ื˜ ืžื™ืกื˜ืขืจื™ืข ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ืึท ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืคื•ืŸ ื—ื›ืžื” ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืขื ื™ื’ืžืึทืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืืจื’ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข.

Umberto Eco ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืึท ื”ื•ืžืึทื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ืœืึทืกืึทืคื™ืงืึทืœ ืขืกื™ื™ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ื’ื•ื˜ืขืจ ืคืจืืคืขืกืืจ ื•ื•ืืก ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ. ืฆื™ ื”ืึทื ื“ืœื™ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ืคื™ืงืฉืึทื ืึทืœ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืžืขืจ ืคืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ ื˜ืขืžืขืก, ืขืงืึธ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื’ืขืจืื˜ืŸ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ืžื™ืœื™ืึทื ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืจ. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื™ื“ืœืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ:

ื“ื™ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื•ื™ื–

ื™ื˜ืึทืœืึธ ืงืึทืœื•ื•ื™ื ืึธ

ื“ื™ ื›ืขื˜ืขืจืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ื ื™ืึทืก ื’ื™ืœื“ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืขืจ 'ืก ืคืึทืš ืื™ื– ืฉื•ืจืœื™ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื’ืœื™ื™ึทื›ื’ื™ืœื˜ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข. ืึทื ื˜ื“ืขืงืŸ ืึทื– ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึทื– ืื™ืจ ืžืขืจ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืขื›ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืึท ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืขืจ. ืึทืœืฅ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ืฆื• ืžื™ืจ, ื‘ืขืขืžืขืก ื™ืจืขืœืึทื•ื•ืึทื ื˜. ืœืขืฆื˜ื ืก, ืื™ืš ื–ืขืŸ ืึท ืžื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ "ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ืœืŸ" ืžืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ื•ื•ื™ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืงื•ืจื“ื•ื“ื’ืขืึธืŸ ื–ื™ื™ื“ืข ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ: ืึท ื”ื•ืจ, ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ืžืขืจ.

ืึทืœืข ื“ืขื ืงื•ืžื˜, ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคื™ืœ, ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืคืึทืงื˜ ืึทื– ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื•ื•ื™ ื™ื˜ืึทืœืึธ ืงืึทืœื•ื•ื™ื ืึธ ื“ืึธืก ื‘ืืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืึทืงืกื™ื ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืขืจ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื˜, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืžืื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš. ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ืžืขืจ ื–ื™ืš-ื’ืขืœืขืจื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื ืึธืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื–ื•ื›ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืจืขืกื•ืจืกืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ื“ื™ืึทื–, ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืจื™ื™ื ืคืึธืจืกืžืึทื ื˜, ืึธืคึผื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ืขืคึผืขืก ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ.

ื™ื ืื™ืš ื’ืขื–ืื’ื˜ ืจืขื›ื˜ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื™ืฅ, Italo Calvino, ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึท ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ื’ืขืœืขืจื ื˜ ื™ื ื–ืฉืขื ื™ืขืจื™ืข, ื•ื•ื™ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืื˜ืขืจ. ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืึท ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ, ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืžืœื—ืžื”, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขืคึฟื•ื ืขืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึธืจื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืึทืŸ ืื™ืžืคึผืจืึธื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ืข ื–ืฉื•ืจื ืืœื™ืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ.

ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืงืึทืœื•ื•ื™ื ืึธืก, ืืคื™ืœื• ื“ืจื™ื™ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืืคื™ืœื• ืคื™ืจ (ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ืื™ืš ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื’ืข). ืื™ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืœื˜ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืึทืจื‘ ืคืึทืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืœื—ืžื” ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš-ืžืœื—ืžื”. ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ื–ืึทืš ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืฉืจืขืงืœืขืš ืคืึทืงื˜. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ, ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื’ืขืจืึธื˜ืŸ ื“ืจืš: ืคืึทื ื˜ืึทื–ื™ืข, ืึทืœืึทื’ืึธืจื™ืงืึทืœ, ืคืึทื‘ื™ืึทืœืึทืก ...

ื‘ื™ื– ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืžื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึทื ื˜ืึทืกื˜ื™ืฉ ื’ืึทื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืกื•ืจืจืขืึทืœื™ื–ืึทื, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžื•ื–ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืœื™ื ืงืก ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ืขืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืกื•ืฃ ืื•ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ื“ืขืงืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ื›ืึทืงืก. ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ืจื™ืงืงืขืจ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืขืกื™ื™ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืืฆื™ืืœ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืคืืจืžืื›ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืืจื™ืฉืข ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืžืึทืš ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ืื™ื ืื™ืŸ 1985.

ื“ื™ ื ืึทื ืึทื’ื–ื™ืกื˜ืึทื ื˜ ืจื™ื˜ืขืจ

ืึทื ื“ืจื™ืึท ืงืึทืžื™ืœืœืขืจื™

ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื˜ืึทืœื™ืขื ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขืœ ืึทื ื“ืจื™ืึท ืงืึทืžื™ืœืœืขืจื™ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜ ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืจ ื“ืึทื ืง ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืึทืจื•ื ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜. ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ 90 ืขืจ ื™ืึธืจืŸ, ื ืคืืงื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืขืžืึธื ืกื˜ืจื™ืจื˜ ื“ื™ ื™ื• ืคึผืขืจืกืึทื•ื•ื™ืจืึทื ืก ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธื•ืงื™ื™ืฉืึทื ืึทืœ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื™ืกื•ื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืึทืœ ืœืึธื ื“ื–ืฉืขื•ื•ืึทื˜ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืึทืจืฅ ืฆื• ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืก.

En ืื™ื™ื ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื–ื™ื™ื ืข ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื•ื•ืขืจืง, ืจื™ืจ ืžื™ืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืืŸ, ืึทื ื“ืจื™ืึท ืคืืจื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ืึทื– ืžืขื›ื™ืจืขืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืึทืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืึทืจืฅ ืคึผืึธืœื™ืฆื™ื™ึท ื–ืฉืึทื ืจืึท ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืืคื™ืœื• ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื•ื•ืึทื ืกื™ืจื˜ืข ืขืœื˜ืขืจ. ื’ื•ื˜ ื˜ืจื™ื™ื ื“ ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืึธืกื™ื˜ื™ ืกื™ืžื– ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืฆื™ื™ื˜. ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืœืึทืกื™ืฉ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืจ ืžืึทืกื˜ืขืจืคืึทืœื™ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขื“ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืึทืจืฅ ืคึผืœืึทื ืึทืฅ, ืื™ื– ื˜ื™ืฃ ืกื™ืกื™ืœื™, ืฆื™ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื™ื ื•ื•ืขื ื˜ื™ื“ ืกืคึผื™ื™ืกืึทื–, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืจื•ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืื™ื˜ืึทืœื™ืขื ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื–ืœ.

ื“ืึธ ืื™ืš ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืง ื•ื•ืขืจืง ื•ื•ื• ืงืึทืžื™ืœืœืขืจื™ ืกืึทืžืขืจื™ื™ื–ื™ื– ื”ื•ืžืึธืจ, ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ื˜ืึทื ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื“ื™ื˜ืขืจืจืึทื ืขืึทืŸ ืกืึธืœื˜ืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ, ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื“ืขืžืึทื ืกื˜ืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ืžืœื™ื™ืงื ื“ืœืขืš ื˜ืึทืœืึทื ื˜ ืฆื• ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ ืฉืคึผืึทื ื•ื ื’ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืŸ ืึทืคึฟื™ืœื• ืึทื ื•ื™ื™ื ื’ ื™ื–. ื ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš-ืจื™ืกืคึผืขืงื˜ื™ื ื’ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืขืจ:

ื’ื™ื™ืขื’ ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜

ืงืœืึทื•ื“ื™ืึธ ืžืึทื’ืจื™ืก

ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื•ื•ืขื˜ืขืจืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืงืขื ื˜ ืื™ื˜ืึทืœื™ืขื ื™ืฉ ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื, ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ืึท ืงืœืึทื•ื“ื™ืึธ ืžืึทื’ืจื™ืก ืึท ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืฅ, ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉ ืึทื– ืขืœื˜ืขืจ ื’ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคึผืœื™ื™ึทืขื“ ื“ื™ ืงื•ื•ืึทืจื˜ืขืจืก ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืžื™ื ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื˜ืึทืœื–.

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึทื•ื•ืขืง ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื ื“ืจื™ืึท ืงืึทืžื™ืœืœืขืจื™ ืžืึทื’ืจื™ืก, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ืคื•ืœืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืื•ื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื˜ืึทืœื™ืขื ื™ืฉ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’, ืคึผื™ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืึทืกื˜ืจืึธืก, ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืขืจ ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึธื ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ื–ืฉืึทื ืจืึท. ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื“ื™ ืงืฉื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืื™ื– ืึทื– ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืขืœื˜ืขืจืข ื“ื™ ืงืœื•ื’ืขืจ, ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืจื’ืึทื ื’ืขื ื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืžืึทื›ื˜ ...

ืฆื• ืงื•ืงืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ Magris ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™ ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึทืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื•ืจื. ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ืกืงืึทื•ื•ืขืจื“ ืึทื– ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืœืขื˜ืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜-ื‘ืขืœืขื˜ืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืง ืึทืกืคึผืขืงืฅ ืงืขืกื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืงืึทื ื•ื•ืขืจื“ื–ืฉ ื•ื•ื™ ื˜ืจื™ื‘ื™ืึทื˜ืขืจื™ื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคื™ื˜ืขืจ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืข, ืงืึทืžืคึผืึธื•ื–ื™ื ื’ ืึท ืงืึทื ืึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืื•ืŸ ืืžืช, ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึธืจืžืึทืœ ืขืกื˜ืขื˜ื™ืง ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืกื›ื™ื™ึทื•ื•ืขืก.

ืžืึทื’ืจื™ืก ืื™ื– ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึธืœื˜ืขืจื ื™ื™ืฅ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืง ื•ื•ื™ ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืฆื• ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืžืขืจ ืฉืคึผืึธืจืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืขืกื ื•ื•ืึทืจื’. ื“ืึธ ืื™ื– ืึท ื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืง ื•ื•ืขืจืง ืคื•ืŸ Magris:

ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื ื•ื‘ืข, ื“ื•ืจืš Claudio Magris

ืึทืœืขืกืกืึทื ื“ืจืึธ ื‘ืึทืจื™ืงืงืึธ

ื“ื™ ืื™ืฆื˜ื™ืงืข ืื™ื˜ืึทืœื™ืขื ื™ืฉืข ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื”ื ืื” ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืึท ืœืฒึทื‘ืœืขื›ืข ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื™ื™ื“ื ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจืข ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ึพืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ. ืคื•ืŸ ื ืขืจื™ ื“ื™ ืœื•ืงืึท ืึทื– ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืื™ื– ืœืึทื•ื•ื™ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืกืขื ืกื™ื˜ื™ื•ื•ื™ื˜ื™ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืคืึธืจืžืึทื˜ื™ื•ื• ื™ื™ื“ื™ืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™, ืึทืจื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื• ืึท ืงืึทืžื™ืœืœืขืจื™ ื™ื ื™ื’ื–ืึธืกื˜ืึทื‘ืึทืœ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืจืึธืœืข ื•ื•ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืจืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ื“ืขื˜ืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขื›ืŸ ืจืึธืžืึทืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ื“ื™ ื™ืึทื ื’ื’ืึทืกื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืกืึทื•ื•ื™ืึทื ืึธ, ืจืขืึทืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืคืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜, ืžืึธืงื™ืึท ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืจืึธืœืข ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืึธืžืึทื ื˜ื™ืฉ ื–ืฉืึทื ืจืึท ืึธื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืงืึทืคึผื˜ื™ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ Luca D'Andrea, ืคืจื™ืฉืข ืื™ื™ืจืืคืขืื™ืฉืข ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืืจื™ืฉืข ืขืจืฉื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’.

ืึทืคื  ื”ืึทืœื‘ื  ื•ื•ืขื’ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขื ื“ื•ืจ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ืึท ืึทืœืขืกืกืึทื ื“ืจืึธ ื‘ืึทืจื™ืงืงืึธ ื•ื•ืขืžืขื ืก ื‘ื™ื‘ืœืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™ ืึทืงื•ื•ื™ื™ืขืจื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึท ื”ื™ืคึผืฉ ื•ื™ืกืžืขืกื˜ื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืžืขื ืก ืึธืคึผื“ืจื•ืง ื’ื™ื˜ ืึท ืคืึธืจืžืึทืœ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ืžืึทื˜ื™ืง ื“ื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื’ืงืฉืึทืŸ ืึทื– ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœื˜ ืžืขืจ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืึทื– ืขื ื“ืก ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืขืก ืึท ืคื•ื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื’ืงืฉืึทืŸ, ืึท ืฉื˜ืขืžืคึผืœ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื’ืœื™ื™ืš ืึทืกืึธื•ืกื™ื™ื™ืฅ ื•ื•ืขืจืง ืื•ืŸ ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืขืจ ืึทืคึผืจืึธื•ื˜ืฉื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืžืขืฉื™ื•ืช ื•ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ื‘ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื’ืŸ ื–ืฉืึทื ืจืึท. ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืคึผืจื•ื‘ื™ืจืŸ.

ืืžืช, ืึทื– ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืžืึธืœ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฆื• "ืขืงืกืคึผืขืจื™ืžืขื ื˜ืึทืœ", ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ืืžืช, ืึทื– ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉึพื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืจืขื ื’ื˜ ืึท ืคึฟืจื™ืฉืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื˜ืจืึทื ืกื’ืจืขืกื™ื•ื•ืขืจ ื›ึผื•ื•ื ื” ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืึท ื ื•ืกื—, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื–, ื˜ืจืึธืฅ ืึทืœืฅ, ื’ืจื™ื ื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืจ. ื“ืึธ ืื™ื– ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ Baricco:

ื–ื™ื™ึทื“, ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืจื™ืงืงืึธ

ื ืึทื˜ืึทืœื™ืึท ื’ื™ื ื–ื‘ื•ืจื’

ื“ื™ ืคืึทืžื™ืœื™ืข ืœืขื•ื•ื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื“ ืคืืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื˜ืืœื™ืข ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืึทื ื˜ื™-ืคืึทืฉืึทืกื˜ ื’ืขืจืึทื ื’ืœ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืฆื• ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืง. ืื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืืžืช ืื™ื– ืึทื– ื ืึทื˜ืึทืœื™ืึท ื’ื™ื ื–ื‘ื•ืจื’ (ื ืึทื˜ืึทืœื™ืึท ืœืขื•ื•ื™ ื˜ืึทืงืข) ื”ืื˜ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜ื™ืง, ื™ื•ื ื’ืขืจืžืึทืŸ ืื™ื˜ืึทืœื™ืขื ื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ ืงื•ื–ื™ื ืข ืœื•ื™.

ืื•ืŸ ืึทื– ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืคึผืจืึทื•ื•ืึธื•ืงื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฆื•ืคืึทืœ ื‘ืึทื’ืขื’ืขื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื™ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืžืึธืœ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื•ืฃ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื™ื ืงืึทื ืกืขืงื•ื•ืขื ื˜ืฉืึทืœ ื•ื•ืขื’. ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืึธื ืฆื™ื ื“ืŸ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืึทื•ื•ื•ืกื˜ ืึทื– ื ืึทื˜ืึทืœื™ืึท ืคืืจื•ื•ืืจืคืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืื™ืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ื‘ืฉืขืช ืื™ืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขื™ื ืึทื•ื“ื™ ืคึฟืึทืจืœืึทื’ืŸ.

ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื ืื›ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึทืจื™ืขืจืข ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ. ืงืึทื ืกืขืคึผืก ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืืจื™ืฉืข ืงืึทืจื™ืขืจืข ืื•ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ื™ื ื“ื™ืกืึทืœื™ืึทื‘ืึทืœ (ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื›ืจืึธื ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืกื›ื™ื™ึทื•ื•ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืœืึธื’) ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜.

ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืึทืกืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜, ื ืึทื˜ืึทืœื™ืึท ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ ืึท ืกืึธืจื˜ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืขื“ื•ืช ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ื™ื™ื ื˜ ื•ื™ืกืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขื›ืŸ ืจืืžืื ืขืŸ. ืจื™ื“ื™ื ื’ื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืžืคึผืึทื˜ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืžืึทื ืึทืก ื“ื•ืจืš ืงืึทืžืคึผืขืจื™ื ื’ ื–ื™ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืงืจืึทื ื˜ ืึธืคึผืฉืึทืฆื•ื ื’.

ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืื™ืฆื˜, ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ื ืึทื˜ืึทืœื™ืึท ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ืงืึทื ื– ื“ืขื ื’ืขืคื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืกื˜ืจื™ื™ื ื“ื–ืฉื ืึทืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื ื’ืงืึทืžืคึผืจืึทื›ืขื ืกื™ื‘ืึทืœ ื ืึธืขื ื˜ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืžืึธื ืกื˜ืขืจืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืึทื•ื•ื•ื™ื ืขืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื•ื•ื™ ื™ื•ืžืึทื ื–. ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ, ืึธื•ื•ื•ืขืจืงืึทืžื™ื ื’ ืื™ื– ืึธืคื˜ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื•ืžืœื™ื™ืงื ื“ืœืขืš ืคื™ื™ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ.

ื“ื™ ืงืœื™ื™ื ืข ืžืขืœื•ืช

ืขืจื™ ื“ืข ืœื•ืงืึท

ื˜ืึธืžืขืจ ืึทืžืึธืœ ื“ื™ ื“ื–ืฉืขื ืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ืึทืœ ืฆื•ืคืึทืœ ื‘ืืฉืœืืกืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ื“ื™ื˜ืขืจืžืึทื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืง ื•ื•ืขื’ ื“ื™ ืฉืขืคืขืจื™ืฉ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืคื™ืœืข ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืึทืคื™ืœื™ื™ื™ื˜ืึทื“, ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคืึทืจื’ืขื ื™ื’ืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ, ืฆื• ืงืจืึทื ื˜ ื˜ืจืขื ื“ืก.

ื“ื™ ืคื•ื ื˜ ืื™ื– ืึทื– ื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืœืขืจื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 50 ืก, ืคึผื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืจื– ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื˜ืึทืœื™ืขื ื™ืฉ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ื™ ืึทืœืขืกืกืึทื ื“ืจืึธ ื‘ืึทืจื™ืงืงืึธ y ืขืจื™ ื“ืข ืœื•ืงืึท ื–ื™ื™ ืงื•ืง ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื™ื™ ืฆื• ืึท ืงืขืกื˜. ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืขืžืขืก, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื“ืึทื ืงื‘ืึทืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜ ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ ืขื ื“ืก ืงืจื™ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’, ื’ืขืžืขืœ, ืงืึทืžืคึผืึธื•ื–ื™ื ื’ ืžื•ื–ื™ืง ืึธื“ืขืจ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื–ื™ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ.

ื“ื™ ื’ื•ื˜ืข ืึทืœื˜ ืขืจืจื™ ื“ืข ืœื•ืงืึท ื”ืื˜ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืคึผืจืขืกืขืจื•ื•ืขื“ ื“ื™ ืœื™ืจื™ืงืึทืœ ืคื•ื ื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืžื‘ืขืœื™ืฉื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืขื ื“ืึทื ื˜ ืคืึทืจื ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ, ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ืคืึธืงื•ืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขืจื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืคืืจื’ืจืขืกืขืจ ืฆื• ื–ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื’ืœืขื˜ืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ื”ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืฉื˜ื•ืจืขื, ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืึทืจืฅ ื•ื•ืืœืงื ืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืึทืจืœื™ืง ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืคื™ื™ืกื™ื ื’ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืข.

ืขืจืจื™'ืก ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืข ืคืึทืš ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทื– ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคึผืจื™ืงืึธืงืกื™. ืื‘ืข ืจ ืื™ ืŸ ื“ืข ืจ ืฉืจืฒื‘ืข ืจ ื”ืื ื“ืœ , ื˜ืฒืœืžื ืœ ื’ืขื ื•ื™ , ืฆ ื• ื–ืืžืœืข ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืœืขื‘ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ , ื–ื™ ืš ื’ืขื‘ืŸ , ื–ื™ ืš ืฆ ื• ืื ื“ืขืจ ืข ืื•ื™ืคื’ืื‘ืŸ , ืขื ื“ืœืข ืš ื’ืขื‘ ืŸ ืืžื•ื ื” , ืคื• ืŸ ื“ ื™ ื“ืขืจืœืขื‘ื˜ ืข ืื• ืŸ ืคื• ืŸ ื“ ื™ ืืฒื ื“ืจื• ืง ืื•ื™ ืฃ ืืœ ืฅ ื’ืขื–ืขืืŸ , ื’ืขื ื™ืกืŸ, ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืื“ืขืจ ืืคื™ืœื• ืคืืจืฉืืœื˜ืŸ. ื“ืึธ ืื™ื– ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ื ืข ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืจืง:

ื“ื™ ื™ืงืกืคึผืึธื•ื–ื“ ื ืึทื˜ื•ืจ

ืกื•ื–ืึทื ืึท ื˜ืึทืžืึทืจืึธ

ืขืก ืื™ื– ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื™ื ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื•ื• ื–ืฉืึทื ืจืึท ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื˜ืึทืœื™ืขื ื™ืฉ ื˜ืึทืžืึทืจืึธ. ืก'ืื™ื–, ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ืฉืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืคึฟื•ื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืึท ื ืฒึทืขื ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขื ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืึธืจื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ืขื ืจืขืึทืœื™ื–ื, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ืึธื ื˜ืŸ ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ืคึฟื™ืก, ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืกืคึผื™ืจื™ื˜ื•ืึทืœื™ื˜ืขื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜ ืคึฟืึทื ื˜ืึทื–ื™ืข, ื•ื•ืื•ื ื˜ืฉืŸ, ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช, ื”ืืคืขื ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธื’ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืœื™ืจื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืงืึทืžืฃ, ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ื˜ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืจืึธืžืึทืŸ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืขืจ ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืฆื• ืื™ืจ ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ ื‘ืึทืคึฟืจืฒึทื•ื ื’, ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื ืฒึทืข ื•ื•ืขืœื˜.

ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืžืืœ ืคืึทื‘ื™ืึทืœืึทืก ืคื•ื ื˜, ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ื™ื ืกืคึผื™ืจืึทืฆื™ืข ื˜ืึธืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื˜ืึทืœืึธ ืงืึทืœื•ื•ื™ื ืึธ ืฉืึทืคึฟืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจืฆืข ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืกื•ื–ืึทื ืึท ืก ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืคึผืฉ ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™ ืคื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคึผื•ื™ื–ืข ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืžื ื•ื—ื” ืฆื• ืึทื ื˜ื“ืขืงืŸ ื ื•ืึทื ืกื™ื–.

ื“ื™ ืคื•ื ื˜ ืื™ื– ืฆื• ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ื ื™ื™ึทื’ืขืจื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื“ืขื ืคื•ื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฉื•ืฉืงืขื˜ ืื™ืจ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืคืืจืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืš ื–ื•ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืŸ, ื•ื•ื™ ืžืขืœืึทื ื›ืึธืœื™ืฉ ืฉื˜ืจืึธื ืึธื“ืขืจ ืจื™ืœืึทืงืกื™ื ื’ ืžืขืœืึธื“ื™ืขืก, ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืึทืจื•ื ืœื™ื‘ืข, ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืฉืžื”, ื™ืึธ ืขืก ืื™ื–. ืึทื– ืขืก ืงืึธืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ, ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜ ืฉื™ื ืงืข ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ.

ื•ื•ืื• ื“ื™ ื”ืึทืจืฅ ื ืขืžื˜ ืื™ืจ

ืขืœืขื ืึท ืคืขืจืึทื ื˜ืข

ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคื™ืœืข, ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึทื ืœื™ื™ืงืœื™, ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืžืึทืงืกื™ืžืึทืœ ืœื™ืžืึทืฅ ืึทื– ืขืžืขืฆืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทื˜ืฉื™ื•ื•ื– ื“ื™ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜, ืคึผืึธื–ืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ืจื•ื™ื˜ ืงืึทืจืคึผืึทืฅ, ื™ื ื˜ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื•ื–, ืึธื ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืึทืฉ ื’ืึทืœืึทื– ... ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืœ ืขืœืขื ืึท ืคืขืจืึทื ื˜ืข, ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืกืขื•ื•ื“ืึธื ื™ื ื•ื•ืึธืก ื‘ืึทืฉื™ืฆืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืืจื™ืฉืข ืขื ื™ื’ืžืึท ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื˜ืขื’.

ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขื ืžื—ื‘ืจ (ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืง-ืงืจืขื“ื™ื˜ ืคืึธืจืฉื•ื ื’ ืœืขืกืึธืฃ ื“ื™ืกืงืึทืจื“ื™ื“ ืึท ืคืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ), ื“ื™ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืงืึทื•ื•ืขืจื™ื“ื–ืฉ ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืก ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื ื“ืกื˜ืข ืงืึทื ื˜ืึทืžืคึผืœื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื”ืึทื ืึธื›ืข. ื•ื•ืขืจ ืกืข ื ืขืžื˜ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœ ืคื•ืŸ Ferrante ื™ื ื“ื–ืฉื•ื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืืฉืขืคืขืจ ืึธืŸ ืงืึทืžืคึผืœืขืงืกืึทื– ืึธื“ืขืจ ื ื•ืึทื ืกื™ื–, ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืกื˜-ืฆืขื ื–ื•ืจ (ืžืขืจ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ืื™ื™ื ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืฆืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืžื—ื‘ืจ) ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ.

ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืคื™ืœืข ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก Ferrante ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ. ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื˜ืฉื™ืงืึทื•ื•ืข ื–ืึทืš ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืึทืœ ืื™ื– ืึทื– ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื™ึทื’ืขืจื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื™ื– ื‘ื™ืกืœืขื›ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื– ืึทื ื•ืœื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืจืืžืื ืขืŸ. ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคึผื™ืจื™ืึทื“ื™ืงืœื™ ื•ื•ืึทื ื“ืขืจืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืขืœืขื ืึท ืคืขืจืึทื ื˜ืข? ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืฆื• ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืึท ืคึผื ื™ื ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืจ ืกืข ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื–ื™ื™ึทื˜.

ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจืก, ืžื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื•ื™ืกืฉืœื™ืกืŸ ืึทื– ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขื ืขื ื™ื’ืžืึทื˜ื™ืง ืœื™ื™ื˜ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขื“ื•ืจ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจื‘ืึธืจื’ืŸ ืึท ืžื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืกื˜ืจืึทื˜ืขื’ื™ืข ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฆื• ื•ืคื•ื•ืขืงืŸ ื ื™ื™ึทื’ืขืจื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ... ืื•ื™ื‘ ืึทื–ื•ื™, ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคืึทืจืคื™ืจืŸ, ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ื–ืึทืš ืื™ื– ืึทื– Ferrante ืก ืจืืžืื ืขืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ื•ื˜. ืื•ืŸ ื’ื•ื˜ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ืึท ื›ืึทืงืก.

ืœืขืกืึธืฃ ื“ื™ ืžืึทื’ื™ืฉ ืื™ืจ ืžื™ืกื˜ืึธืžืข ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื’ืขื–ื•ื›ื˜ ืื™ื– ืœืขืกืึธืฃ ื’ืขืฉืืคืŸ Ferrante ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ Ferrante ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜. ืึธื ื•ื•ื™ื ืงืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืง ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื™ืŸ ืคืจืึธื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืคึผืขืจ-ืจืขืึทืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉ ืคึผืึธืจื˜ืจืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืงื–ื™ืกื˜ืขื ืฅ, ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื˜ื™ืฃ ืงื•ืง ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืกืฆืขื ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ XNUMX ื™ืึธืจื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืขืจ ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืง, ืึธื“ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืคึผืขืก ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืคืึทืœืŸ. ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืขืก ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืžืขืŸ, ืคึผืจืึธื•ื˜ืึทื’ืึทื ืึทืกืก ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืข, ื”ืขืึทืจื˜ื‘ืจืขืึทืง, ืชืื•ื•ืช, ืžืขืฉื•ื’ืึทืก ืื•ืŸ ืจืื ื’ืœืขื ื™ืฉืŸ.

ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืคืจื™ื™ึทื ื“

ืžืึทื•ืจื™ื–ื™ืึธ ื“ืข ื“ื–ืฉืึทื•ื•ืึทื ื™

El ืื™ื˜ืึทืœื™ืขื ื™ืฉ ื ืึธื™ืจ, ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืจื” ืžื™ื˜ ืฉืคึผืึทื ื™ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืึทื˜ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืก ืžื™ื˜ ืคื•ื˜ื›ื™ืœื– ืึธืจื™ืขื ื˜ื™ื“ ืฆื• ืงืึธืจื•ืคึผืฆื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ืžืึทืคื™ืึท ืื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทืœืข ืœืขื•ื•ืขืœืก, ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืคืึทืจืคื™ืจืŸ ืึท ืคื™ื’ื•ืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืงืึทืžื™ืœืœืขืจื™.

ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš, ื“ืึทื ืง ืฆื• ืึท ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืžืึทื•ืจื™ื–ื™ืึธ ื“ืข ื“ื–ืฉืึทื•ื•ืึทื ื™ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงืจื™ืžื™ื ืึทืœ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ืึธืš ื‘ืœื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงืจืึทืคื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืกืคึผืขืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึธืœื™ืฆื™ื™ึท ื•ื™ืกืคืึธืจืฉื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ืึธืก, ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืœืึธืžื‘ืข, ื”ืืœื˜ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทื˜ืขืจื ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืคึผืึธืœื™ืฆื™ื™ึท ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืขืจืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื”ืขืœืคื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ XNUMX ื™ืึธืจื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜.

ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืจืงื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ื“ืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืฉ ืงื•ื™ืœ ืฆื• ืงืึธืจื•ืคึผืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฆื• ืคื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ืงืจื™ื™ืžื–, ื“ืข Giovanni ืื•ื™ืš ื™ื ื˜ืจืึทื“ื•ืกื™ื– ืื•ื ื“ื– ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืขื˜ื™ืฉ ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื•ื•ืึธืก ืจืึธืžืึทืŸ ื ืึธืš ืจืึธืžืึทืŸ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื“ื™ ืึทื ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืขืจืœื“ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ ืคืึทืงื˜ ืื™ื– ืกื•ืกื˜ืึทื™ื ืขื“. ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื ืึทืคึผืœืขืก ื‘ื™ื ืข, ืึท ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืคื™ืœืข ื›ื™ื™ืžื– ื•ื•ื™ ืžื™ื˜ืก ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืึทืจืฅ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข.

ื’ืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ืกืคึผื™ื™ืกืึทื– ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขืš ืฉื™ื›ื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทืžื‘ื™ืฆื™ืขืก, ืชืื•ื•ืช, ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืœืึทื ื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงื•ื•ืึธื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื˜ืจื™ื™ืึทืœ ืงืึทื ืกืคึผื™ื™ืขืจื– ืฆื• ืกื•ืฃ ืึทืจื•ื™ืฃ ื™ืžืขืจื“ื–ืฉื“ ืคึผื™ืจื™ืึทื“ื™ืงืœื™ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืžืึทืกืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื’ืจืึธื‘ ืคึผืึทืจืึทืœืขืœื™ื–ืึทื ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ ื˜ืฉืจืึธื ื™ืงืœืขืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืžืึธืœ ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ึทืขืก.

ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืœืข ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืจืึธืžืึทื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืง ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงืฆื™ืข ื”ืื˜ ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืœืึทื ื“. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื™ืขื“ืข ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืฒึทืข ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ, ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืื™ื ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืคื•ื ื“ืึทืžืขื ื˜ืึทืœืขืจ ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืœื™ื‘ื”ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืคึผืึธืœื™ืฆื™ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืฉื•ื•ืขืจึพื‘ื•ื™ืœื“ืŸ ื ืึธื›ืžืึทืš, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืขืงื˜ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืงืข ืขืžืึธืฆื™ืขืก.

ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทืžื™ืฉืึทื ืขืจ Ricciardi
ืงื•ืจืก ืคึผืึธืกื˜ืŸ

1 ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ "ื“ื™ 10 ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื˜ืึทืœื™ืขื ื™ืฉ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืขืจืก"

ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’

ื“ืขื ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ื ื™ืฆื˜ ืึทืงื™ืกืžืขื˜ ืฆื• ืจืขื“ื•ืฆื™ืจืŸ ืกืคึผืึทื. ืœืขืจืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึธืžืขื ื˜ืึทืจ ื“ืึทื˜ืข ืื™ื– ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกื˜.