ื“ื™ 3 ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ Ramรณn Gรณmez de la Serna

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืคื™ืœืข ืžืึธืœ ืคืืจื˜ื™ื™ื“ื™ืงื˜ ื“ื™ ื–ืฉืึทื ืจืึท ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืกื ืฉืึทืคึฟื˜ ื‘ืขืœืขื˜ืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืง ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืคืจื•ื›ื˜ื‘ืึทืจ ืคืขืœื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืืจื™ืฉืข ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’. ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ื•ื™ืกื ืฉืึทืคึฟื˜ ื‘ืขืœืขื˜ืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืง ื”ืื˜ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืึธืŸ ืจืึทืžืึธืŸ ื’ืึธืžืขื– ื“ืข ืœืึท ืกืขืจื ืึทืื™ืš ื•ื•ืขืœ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ื‘ืื–ื•ื›ื˜ ื“ืขื ื–ืฉืึทื ืจืึท ืึธืŸ ื˜ื™ืจืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืžืืจืงืŸ, ื•ื•ื• ืคืึทื ื˜ืึทื–ื™ืข ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ืงืกืคึผืขืจืžืขื ืึทืœ ืฆื•ื•ืขืงืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืขืคึผืึธืก ืžืขืฉื™ื•ืช.

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ืขืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ Noucentisme, ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืจืึธืžืึทืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื–ื™ืฆืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทื˜ืึธื ืกืึทืคึผืจื™ื™ื–ื™ื– ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื ืงืึธืจืกื™ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช ืคึผืจื™ื ืกืึทืคึผืึทืœื– ืึทื–, ื“ืึทื ืง ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึทื ื“ืœื™ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืึทื ื“ืœ, ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืื•ืกื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืงืจืขื“ืึทื‘ืึทืœ.

ืื™ืš ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทื ืขืงื“ืึธื˜ืึทืœ. ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜, ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืขื˜ืึทืœ, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื• ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืงืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจืขืกื˜ืข ื’ืขื ืขืจืึทืœื™ื˜ื™ืขืก. ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจืœื™ืจืŸ ืคึผืขืจืกืคึผืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืคืจื•ื›ืคึผืขืจื“ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ื”ืขื›ืกื˜ ืฉืขืคืขืจื™ืฉ ืžื—ื‘ืจ (ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจืขื’ื•ืขืจ รญืึทืก ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืกืึทื•ื•) ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขื“ ืึท ืฉืขืคืขื“ื™ืง ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืืจื™ืฉืข ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื ืกืขืจืคึผืึทืกื˜ ืงื•ื•ืึทืœื™ื˜ืขื˜.

ื•ื•ื™ ืงืขืŸ ืขืก ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ, ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืจืืžืื ืขืŸ, ืžืืžืจื™ื, ื‘ื™ืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™ืขืก, ื˜ืขืึทื˜ืขืจ. ื ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืืจื™ืฉืข ืคืึทืงื˜ืึธื˜ื•ื ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ืกื™ื™ื“ืึทื“ืœื™ ื‘ืึทืฉืœืึธืกืŸ ืฆื• ื•ื•ื™ื™ืงืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทื•ื•ืึทื ื˜-ื’ืึทืจื“ ืฉืคึผืึทื ื™ืฉ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ, ื˜ืจื™ื™ื ื’ ืฆื• ื‘ืจืขื›ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืœืฅ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ืึทืงืึทืžืึทื“ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงืึทื ื•ื•ืขื ืฉืึทื ืึทืœื™ื–ืึทื. ืคึฟืึทืจ Gรณmez de la Serna, ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ ื–ืึธืœ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ ื‘ืึทื˜ืขืจื™ื ื’ ื‘ืึทืจืึทืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขืš ื‘ืึทื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืขืก ืงืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื“ื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืขื•ื•ืึธื•ืœื•ืฉืึทื ืขืจื™ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜.

ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึทื•ื•ืึทื ื’ืึทืจื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื’ืฒึทืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืก ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงืขื ืขืŸ ื”ื•ืžืึธืจ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื•ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืกืš ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืข ืžืึทื ื™ืคึฟืขืกื˜ืึทืฆื™ืขืก, ื”ืึธื˜ Gรณmez de la Serna ืึทืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืงืึทื•ื ื˜ืœืึทืก ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ.

ื“ื™ 3 ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ Ramรณn Gรณmez de la Serna

ื“ื™ ื™ื ืงืึธื ื’ืจื•ืึทืก

ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืคึฟื™ื ื™ืฆื™ืข, ื™ื ืงืึธื ื’ืจื•ืึทื˜ื™ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืคืขืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธื•ื›ื™ืจืึทื ืก ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืŸ ื™ื™ื“ื™ืึทื–, ืึทืงืฉืึทื ื– ืึธื“ืขืจ ื˜ื™ื ื’ื–. ื”ืึธื˜ Gรณmez de la Serna ื’ืขืคืจื•ื•ื•ื˜ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืื•ืžื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜ ื‘ื•ืš? ืื™ืŸ ืคืึธืจืขื ืขืคึผืขืก ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืึธืก ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ื“ื–ืฉื•ืœื™ืึธ ืงืึธืจื˜ืึทื–ืึทืจ ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืœื˜ ืฆื• ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ.

ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜, ื“ื™ ื™ื ืงืึธื ื’ืจื•ื˜ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื–ื˜ ื“ื™ ืกื˜ื™ืจืข ืื™ืŸ ืขืกืึทื ืก, ืฆื• ื“ืขื ื›ืขืจื™ื™ื–ืึทืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื›ืึธื ื˜ื– ืื•ื ื“ื– ืึทืœืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืึทื˜ื™ืจืœืขืš ื•ื•ืขืจื™ืึทื‘ื™ืœื™ื˜ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืืคื™ืœื• ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ืจื™ืจืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ (ืืคื™ืœื• ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ ืฆื• ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ). ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ื™ื ืงืึธื ื’ืจื•ืึทืก ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ ื ืขืžื˜ ืึท ื ื™ื™ึทืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜.

ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ ื™ืจืึทื˜ื™ืง ืึทืœื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ืึท ืึธืคึผืฉืคึผื™ื’ืœื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืขืคืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจืžืื›ื˜ ืจืึธืžืึทืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืึธืŸ ืงืจืึทื ืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ืงืึทืœ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ.

ื‘ืœื™ ืึท ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ื•ื•ืขืจืง ืขื ื“ืึทื•ื“ ืžื™ื˜ ืžืึทื’ื™ืฉ, ื”ื•ืžืึธืจ, ืึท ืคืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ื•ื•ื• ื˜ื™ื ื’ื–, ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืขื ื™ื ื™ื ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืคื•ืœ ืกืึทื‘ื“ื–ืฉืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ื™ื˜ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืึทื‘ื“ื–ืฉืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ื™ื˜ื™ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืขืงืกื™ืกื˜ื™ืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื–ืฉืึทืกื˜ืึทืคื™ื™ื– ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืคื•ืœืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืกืชื™ืจื” ...

ื“ื™ ื™ื ืงืึธื ื’ืจื•ืขื ื˜

ื‘ืจื™ืกื˜

ื™ืึธ, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื™ื™ึทื˜ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ืขืจืžื™ืŸ. ืžื™ืจ ืจืขื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ืกื˜, ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืขืจืึธื˜ื™ืฉ ืคืึธืจืฉืœืึธื’. ื ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืขืจ ืงืึทื ื•ื•ื™ื ืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทื•ื•ืึทื ื˜-ื’ืึทืจื“ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื ืึทื˜ื™ืจืœืขืš ืงืึทื ืึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื™ื’ื ืึธืจื™ืจืŸ ืขืจืึทื˜ื™ืกื™ื–ืึทื ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืกืคึผืึทื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื’ืขืฉืœืขื›ื˜ ื‘ืึทืคืจื™ื™ึทื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ืึท ื’ืึธืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ ื›ืขืจื™ื™ื–ืึทืŸ.

ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืกื™ื›ืกืขืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขืจืง, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืจื™ื˜ืฉื˜ ื“ื™ ื ื•ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืกื˜ืึทื˜ื•ืก ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจื‘ืึธื˜ ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ื“ื™ ื“ื™ืงื˜ืึทื˜ืึธืจืฉื™ืคึผ (ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื™ื•ื–ืฉืึทื•ื•ืึทืœื™ ื›ืึทืคึผืึทื ื– ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื˜ืึธื•ื˜ืึทืœื™ื˜ืขืจื™ื–ืึทื ืคืจื•ื‘ื™ืจื˜ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทื’ืจืขื ืขืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืœืขืกืึธืฃ ื’ื™ื˜ ืึทืŸ ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจืงืึธืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜). ืกืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ื•ื•ื“ ื‘ื™ื– ื“ืขื ื˜ืึธื’ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื ื•ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืงืึธื ื˜ืึทืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืกื™ื ื•ืกื™ืึทืก ืขืจืึทื˜ื™ืกื™ื–ืึทื.

ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื™ืึธ, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึท ืคืขื˜ื™ืฉื™ืกื˜ื™ืง ื•ื•ืขืจืง ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื‘ืœืขืš ื‘ืจื™ืกื˜, ืœืึทื ื’ ืึทื“ืึธืจื“ ืื™ืŸ ืงื•ื ืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืขืจื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืง ื‘ื•ืš.

ื‘ืจื™ืกื˜

ื’ืจืขื’ืขืจื™ืขืก

ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื’ืจืขื’ื•ืขืจ รญืึทืก ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคื™ืœืข ื–ืึทืžืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืงืึทื‘ืึธืœืขื“ื™ืง ืึทืคืึธืจื™ืกืžืก ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืงืจื™ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืจืขืคึผืจืึทื–ืขื ืฅ ืจืึทื˜ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผืึทื ื™ืฉ ื•ื™ืกื’ืขื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ื›ื™ื˜ืจืข ืคื•ื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขื˜ืึทืคืึธืจื™ืงืึทืœ ืงืึทืคึผืึทืฆื™ื˜ืขื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขื ื“ืก ืกื˜ืจื™ืคึผื™ื ื’ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื™ื‘ืขืจืžืึทื›ืŸ ืึทืœืฅ.

ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื•ื•ื™ Gรณmez de la Serna, ืึท ืคึผืจืึธื•ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืขืจ, ืฉืึทืคึฟืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืืฆื™ืืœืข ื’ืึทื“ืขืจื™ื ื’ื–, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืจืœืึทื ื’ ืฆื• ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืึทื™ืจืก ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ, ืื•ืŸ ื™ื‘ืขืจืžืึทื›ืŸ ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืงื•ืจืฅ ืื•ืŸ ื™ืžืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทื ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื• ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข, ืึท ืžื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขืžืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜, ืึท ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขืš ื ืขืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขืจ ืขืก ื™ื– ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื›ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ื’ืจืขื’ื•ืขืจ รญืึทืก.

ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื™ืึธ, ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืืฉืขืคืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™, ืขืก ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ Gรณmez de la Serna ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึท ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœ ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืคืจื™ื™ืžืึทืก ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื‘ืขืจืจืึทืฉืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื™ืœื™ืึทื ื˜ ืžืขื˜ืึทืคืึธืจ.

ื’ืจืขื’ืขืจื™ืขืก
5/5 - (4 ื•ื•ืึธื•ืฅ)

1 ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ "ื“ื™ 3 ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ Ramรณn Gรณmez de la Serna"

  1. ืคึผื™ื ื’ื‘ืึทืงืง: 3 ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ Giovanni Papini โ€บ ืืคืจื™ืœ 2022

ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’

ื“ืขื ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ื ื™ืฆื˜ ืึทืงื™ืกืžืขื˜ ืฆื• ืจืขื“ื•ืฆื™ืจืŸ ืกืคึผืึทื. ืœืขืจืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึธืžืขื ื˜ืึทืจ ื“ืึทื˜ืข ืื™ื– ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกื˜.