ื“ื™ 3 ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ Miguel de Unamuno

ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคื™ืœืึธืกืึธืฃ ื•ื•ื™ Miguel de Unamuno ืงืึธื ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขื“ ืฆื• ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืขืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืึทื ื˜ื™ืกืึทืคึผื™ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืคืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ืคืึธืจืฉืœืึธื’. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืžื™ืจ ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขื ื’ืขื“ืื ืง ืึท ื“ืขืงืึทื“ืขื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืึทื•ื•ืึทื“ืข ื‘ื™ื™ื– ื”ื™ืกื˜ืืจื™ืฉืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜, ืžื™ืจ ืคึผืจืึธืคื™ืœื™ืจืŸ ื“ืขื ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื›ืจืึธื ื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืืจื™ืฉืข ื“ื™ื–ืึทืกื˜ืขืจื–, ืขืงืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ื˜ืฉืึทืœ ืคืึทื˜ืึทืœื™ื–ืึทื ืื•ืŸ ื™ื ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืฉืขืคืขืจื™ืฉ ืจื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืงืฉืึทื ื–.

Y pese a sucumbir en ocasiones a lo fatal, Unamuno se resistรญa a los corsรฉs, llegando incluso a definir sus novelas como nivola, un neologismo que diferenciaba, no sin sarcasmo, el hecho de que sus novelas, si tenรญan que serlas segรบn los patrones marcados, serรญan entonces otra cosa: nivolas.

ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืœืึธืกืึธืคื™ืข ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืœื™ื‘ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš Unamuno ืจื™ื˜ืฉืึทื– ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช. ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืจืขื“ื˜. ืื•ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ื“ืขืงืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ Unamuno's "nivolas" ืื™ื– ืขื ืœื™ื™ื˜ื ื™ื ื’. ืคื™ืœืึธืกืึธืคื™ืข ืงืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืง ืึทื– ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ ืึทืคึผืœื™ื™ื– ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืกืึทื‘ื“ื–ืฉืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ื•ื•ืขืœื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืึทื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืขืจืกืคึผืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ื– ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืžื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธืกื˜ ืคื™ืœืึธืกืึธืคื™ืข ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคื™ืจื˜ ืฆื• ืื™ื™ื’ื ืืจื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜.

ืื•ื™ื‘ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื™ื™ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื ื–ืขื ื“ืขื ื˜ืึทืœ ื˜ื™ื ื’ืงื™ื ื’ ืฆื• ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื›ืึทืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจ, ืžื™ืจ ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžื—ื‘ืจ 'ืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืฆื• ื‘ืจืขื›ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ ืคืจื™ื™ึทืขืจื“ื™ืง ืงืขืจืึทื ืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ืžืึทื˜ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืคืึธืจืžืึทืœ ืึทืกืคึผืขืงืฅ ืคึผืœื•ืก ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืžืึทืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื™ื ื˜ืจืึทื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื•ืžื‘ืึทืคืขืœืงืขืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืขื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื™ืกื’ืขืžืึทื˜ืขืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืคื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืกืคึผืึทื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืกื˜ืจืึธื ื’ื”ืึธืœื“. ื’ืœืขื ืฆื ื“ื™ืง, ืžื™ืจ ืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืขื›ื˜ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืขืจืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ื‘ืœื™ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ื•ืจ 98, ื•ื•ื•ึผ ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื‘ืึทื’ืœื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื™ื, ืœื•ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’, ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื‘ื•ื™ืœืขื˜, Pio Baroja.

ื“ืึทื ืงืขืŸ ืฆื• ืึทืžืขื ืึทื‘ืึทืจ ืก ืคื™ืœื ยซื‘ืฉืขืช ื“ื™ ืžืœื—ืžื” ืœืึทืกืฅยป ืจื™ืงืึทื•ื•ืขืจื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืื™ืฆื˜ื™ืงืข, ืขืก ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื›ืขืจืฅ ืฆื• ืฆื•ืจื™ืงืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ ืจืขืคืขืจืขื ืฆืŸ.

3 ืจืขืงืึทืžืขื ื“ื™ื“ ืจืืžืื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ Miguel de Unamuno

ื ืขืคึผืœ

ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ืœื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืœื™ื‘ืข ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ Unamuno's ืคืขื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืึท ืคืจื™ื™ืžื•ื•ืขืจืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื ืฉืžื”. ืฆื• ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืึทื– Augusto Pรฉrez ื™ื ื“ื–ืฉื•ื™ื– ื“ื™ ื™ื“ืขืึทืœ ืœื™ื‘ืข ืฆื• ืกื•ืฃ ืฆืึธืจืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืขืึทืจื˜ื‘ืจืขืึทืง, ื“ืขืจ ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ืœืขืจื– ื“ื™ ืคืึทืงื˜ ืึทืจื•ื ืื™ื. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืจื™ื™ื–ื™ื ื’ ืึท ืžืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ืงืึทืœ ื ืขืคึผืœ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืกืขืจื™ืœ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืžืึธื•ืžืึทื ืฅ.

ืืคื™ืœื• ืื•ื™ื’ื•ืกื˜ืึธ ืก ื‘ืึทื’ืœื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื”ื•ื ื˜ ืขื ื“ืก ืจืขื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื’ื•ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื– ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืึท ืกืขืจื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืึทื ืคืขืจื’ืขื˜ืึทื‘ืึทืœ ืžืึธื ืึธืœืึธื’ืก. ื“ื™ ืงื•ืœื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื•ื™ืกืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ื™ื™ึทื˜ืœืขืš, ื•ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ื‘ ื•ื•ืขืจ ืขืก ื™ื– ืึทืจื•ื™ืกืคืึธื“ืขืจืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ ืื™ืจ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืœืขื‘ืŸ.

ื“ืขืจ ืกื•ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ื•ืš ืฉืึทืจืขืก ื’ืœื™ื™ืš ืคึผืึทืจืฅ ื˜ืจืึทื’ื™ืฉ ื˜ืึทื ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืก ืึทืคื˜ืขืจื˜ื™ื™ืกื˜. ื ื‘ื•ืš ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืึทื ื˜ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ืฅ ืึท ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืกื•ืžืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื‘ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืง ื™ืžืคึผืจืขืกืกื™ืึธื ืก ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ืจื™ื“ื™ื ื’ื–.

Niebla, ื“ื•ืจืš Unamuno

ืกื™ื™ื ื˜ ืžืึทื ื•ืขืœ ื’ื•ื˜, ืžืึทืจื˜ื™ืจ

ืื™ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื•ื•ืขื’ ืขืก ืžื•ื–ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ืžื—ื‘ืจ 'ืก ื‘ืึทืœื™ื‘ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืง. ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ, Unamuno ื“ืขืจืงืขื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืขืจ ืขืžืคึผื˜ื™ื“ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ.

Y cuando un escritor de gran calado como Unamuno se vacรญa en una novela puedes tener por seguro que encontrarรกs existencialismo, pero tambiรฉn impresiones muy diversas en un maravilloso mosaico sobre la vida y sobre los tiempos vividos. รngela Carballino se empeรฑa en transcribir, tal como suena, toda una vida, como si esta fuera una suma de palabras.

ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืื™ื– ืขื ื“ืึธืจืกื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื•ื•ืขืจ ื“ืึธืŸ ืžืึทื ื•ืขืœ ื‘ื•ืขื ืึธ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ. ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื“ืึธืŸ ืžืึทื ื•ืขืœ, ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึทืจืึทืคื™ืข ื’ืึทืœืขืš ืงื•ืžื˜ ืฆื• ืžื•ื“ื” ืึทื– ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ ื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜. ืขืก ืื™ื– ืขืคึผืขืก ื•ื•ื™ ื•ื•ืขืงืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืจื•ืคืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจื™ืกืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืึทืœืขืš ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืงืœืึธืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืขื ืœื™ื™ื˜ื ื™ื ื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ.

ืกื™ื™ื ื˜ ืžืึทื ื•ืขืœ ื‘ื•ืขื ืึธ, ืžืึทืจื˜ืขืจ

ืžื•ืžืข ื˜ื•ืœืึท

ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืึทืœื™ืฉืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ื˜ืœ. ื“ืขืจ ืืžืช ืื™ื– ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ ืจืึธืžืึทืŸ ืื™ื– ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขืจ ืขืก ื™ื– ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ. ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืขืœ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืœื™ื™ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืึทื– ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึท ื’ื•ื˜ืข ืจืึธืžืึทืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™. ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ื™ื’ื–ื•ื“ื– ืึทืŸ ืึทื’ืึทื ื™ืกื ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืคื™ื ื™ืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืื™ืจ ืึทืงืฉืึทื ื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ืฉืคึผืึทื ื™ืฉ ืคืจื•ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ twentieth ื™ืึธืจื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜.

ืฉืงืœืึทืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึธืจืึทืœื™ืฉ ืคึผืจื™ื ืกืึทืคึผืึทืœื– ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืืฉืœืืกืŸ ืฆื• ืึธืคึผืฉืึทืคืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื•ื•ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ืžืฉืคึผื—ื” ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืงืึธืจื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืชืื•ื•ืช ืคืืจืฉืคืืจื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื ืฉืžื”. ืึธืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืึท ืจืึธืžืึทืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืœื™ื™ืžื– ืคืขืžื™ื ื™ื–ืึทื, ืขืก ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืœื™ื’ืœ ืฆื• ืึท ื™ื ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืคืจื™ื™ึทื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ.

ื–ืขืœื‘ืกื˜-ืึธืคึผืœื™ื™ืงืขื ื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ืคื™ื™ึทืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืžืึทืจื˜ืขืจื–, ื”ื™ื™ืœื™ืงืข ืื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืงืขื ื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึทืฉืึธืจืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื™ื ืขืจืœืขืš ืชืื•ื•ืช ืื™ื– ืคึผืึธื•ื–ื“ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ื•ื•ืึธื’. Unamuno ืกื™ืžื“ ืฆื• ื™ื ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืึทื– ืคื™ืœืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึธืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ืคึผื™ืงื˜ื™ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื’ื–ืึทื“ื–ืฉืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ Aunt Tula ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืกื™ื ืขืจื™ืึธื•ื– ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™.

ืžื•ืžืข ื˜ื•ืœืึท
5/5 - (5 ื•ื•ืึธื•ืฅ)

ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’

ื“ืขื ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ื ื™ืฆื˜ ืึทืงื™ืกืžืขื˜ ืฆื• ืจืขื“ื•ืฆื™ืจืŸ ืกืคึผืึทื. ืœืขืจืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึธืžืขื ื˜ืึทืจ ื“ืึทื˜ืข ืื™ื– ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกื˜.