ื“ื™ 5 ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืขืจืึธื˜ื™ืฉ ืจืืžืื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜

ืขืจืึธื˜ื™ืกื™ืกื ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืึทื•ื•ืึทื ืกื™ืจื˜ืข ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืขื ื’ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ, ืึธื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื™ืงืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจืึธื˜ื™ืฉ ื–ืฉืึทื ืจืึท ืึธื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืœืึทื ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœื™ ืื ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜. ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื’ืขืฉืœืขื›ื˜, ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธืœืขื’ืึธืžืขื ืึท, ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืŸ ืคึผืจืขื–ืึทื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืคึผืœืขื–ืฉืขืจื–, ืžืึธื•ื•ื™ื ื’ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื’ื•ืึทื“ื™ืึทื ืึท ื˜ื™ื™ึทืš ื•ื•ื™ ืกื™ื ื•ืกื™ ื‘ื™ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ื‘ืขืจื™ื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ืžืึธืจืึทืœ ื‘ื™ื™ ืื ื“ืขืจืข.

ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืื™ืŸ ืกื™ื•ื•ืึทืœื™ื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ื“ืึธ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜, ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืงืจื™ืกื˜ื ื˜ื•ื ืึธื“ืขืจ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืžืขืจื‘ ื“ืขืจื™ื•ื•ืึทื˜, ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ืœืขืš ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ื•ื˜ ื“ืึธืกืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืœืขื›ื˜. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืึทืœืฅ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจืžืึทื›ื˜ ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ ื–ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœื™ืกืœืขืŸ, ื•ื•ื™ ืžืึธื ืึธื˜ืขื™ืกื˜ื™ืง ื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึทื•ื•ืึทื ืกื™ืจื˜ืข, ื“ื™ืคึผื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื’ ืกืคึผื™ืจื™ื˜ืฉืึทื•ื•ืึทืœืึทื˜ื™ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืคืึทืจืงืขืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ื•ืฃ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืขื ื“ื–ืฉื•ื™ืžืึทื ืฅ.

ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืึทืš, ืœืžืฉืœ, ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืจืึธืžืึทื ื˜ื™ืงืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ nineteenth ื™ืึธืจื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืฆื• ืจืขื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืข (ืึธื“ืขืจ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืขืึทืจื˜ื‘ืจืขืึทืง ืžื™ื˜ ืคึผืึทื˜ืขื˜ื™ืฉ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื– ืขืœืขื•ื•ืึทื˜ืขื“ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืึทืฉืžื™ืขืกื“ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืกืขื ืกืึธืจื™ืึทืœ), ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืกื™ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืข ืžืขื˜ืึทืคืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื›ื•ืฉื™ืง ืึธื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉืœืขื›ื˜ ืงืึทื ืึทื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ. ืึท ืึธืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืคึฟืึทืจ ืกืขื ื˜ืฉืขืจื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ืกืขื ื˜ืฉืขืจื™ื–.

ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืึธืš, ืžืขื ื˜ืฉื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ื– ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ืกื˜ื™ื™ึทืข ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืึทืจืฅ ืฉืขืคึผืก. ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึทืจืงื•ื•ื™ืก ื“ืข ืกืึทื“ืข ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืขืงืกื˜ืจืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืœืขื›ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื ื“ืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืคื™ืœื™ืึทืก, ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืคืึธื•ื‘ื™ืึทื– ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืกืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคืึทืจื’ืขื ื™ื’ืŸ, ื–ื™ืœื–ืœ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ ืคื™ืจืกืœื™ ื“ื™ืกืคึผื™ื•ื˜ื™ื“ ืึทื– ืคึผืจื™ื•ื•ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื’ ืžืึธืจืึทืœ. ื•ื•ื™ ืขืก ื’ืึทื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ, ื“ื™ ืžืึทืจืงื•ื•ื™ืก ื“ืข ืกืึทื“ืข ืขืจ ืกืงื™ืคึผื˜ ื“ื™ ื˜ืึทื‘ื•ื– ืžื™ื˜ ืึธืœื™ืžืคึผื™ืง ืขื‘ื™ืจื”, ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ื™ื™ืคึผืขืจื‘ืึทืœื™ืง ืึธื“ืขืจ ืงืจืขื ืงืœืขืš.

ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ, ื“ื™ ืขืจืึธื˜ื™ืฉ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื ื™ื™ึท ืฉื™ืฃ ืงืึทืคึผื™ื˜ืึทืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ืขื ื“ื™ื•ืจื™ื ื’ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืจื•ื™ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ Almudena Grandes ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื™ืึธืจ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึธืคึผืคืึธืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ืœืข ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืงืจืึทื ื˜ ืคึผืขื ืก ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื’ืขืฉืขืคื˜ ื‘ื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืฉืึทื ืจืึท ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืงืกืคึผืœืึธื“ืขื“ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉืึทื“ืึธื•ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ืขืงื‘...

ื˜ืจืึธืฅ ื“ื™ ืฉืขืคืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื•ื•ืขืจืง ืฆื• ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ื›ื•ืฉื™ืง ืฉืคึผืึทื ื•ื ื’, ืคืึทืจื’ืœื™ื™ึทื›ืœืขืš ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธื•ืœื˜ื™ื“ื–ืฉ ืฆื• ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื–ืฉืึทื ืจืึท, ืื•ืŸ ืงืึทื ืกื™ื“ืขืจื™ื ื’ ืึทื– ืขืจืึธื˜ื™ืฉ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืกืึทื ืึทื ืึทืžืึทืก ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ืงื•ื•ืึทืœื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึธืจืขื ืื•ืŸ ืžืึทื˜ืขืจื™ืข, ื˜ื™ืฃ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ, ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืขืจืึธื˜ื™ืฉ ืจืืžืื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืžืึธืœ.

Top 5 ืจืขืงืึทืžืขื ื“ื™ื“ ืขืจืึธื˜ื™ืฉ ืจืืžืื ืขืŸ

ื“ืึทืžืข ื˜ืฉืึทื˜ื˜ืขืจืœื™ื™ ืก ืœืึธื•ื•ืขืจ

ืึทืœืฅ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืขืก ืคืืจื“ื™ื ื˜. ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืงื˜ ืึทื– ื“ื” ืœืึธืจืึทื ืก ืึทืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืขืจืึธื˜ื™ืฉ ื–ืฉืึทื ืจืึท ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืœืึทื ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืจืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื ืึทื ืกื™ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืขืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื’ืขืงืขืžืคื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืขื“ืขืจ.

ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืจืง ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ, ืื•ื™ืกืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขื ื•ื ืกื™ืึทืฆื™ืข, ืื•ื™ืš ืคืึทืจืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ืคืึธืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืื™ื™ื ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจืขืกื˜ืข ืงืœืึทืกื™ืฉืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืขืจืึธื˜ื™ื–ื. ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืึทืœืข ืคืึทืจื‘ืึธืจื’ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืข, ืึทืœืข ืกืขื ืกื•ืึทืœื™ื˜ื™ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืฉ, ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ื, ืึทืœืข ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืœื™ื‘ืข ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื™ืžืคึผืึทื–ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืจืขื ืขื˜ื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืฅ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆืึธืจืขืก.

ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื™ึทืกื˜ืขืจื•ื•ืขืจืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืึธื˜ื™ื–ื ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึธื“ืขืจืŸ ืึทื’ืข, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืืจื•ื™ืก ืื™ืŸ 1928; ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืกืขื ืกื•ืจืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื– ืกืขื ืกื•ืึทืœื™ื˜ื™ ืื™ื– ืึทืŸ ืึธืœื˜ืขืจื ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื• ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขืš ืœืึธื•ื ืœื™ื ืึทืก. ืงืึธื ืกื˜ืึทื ืกืข ื˜ืฉืึทื˜ื˜ืขืจืœื™ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื—ืชื•ื ื” ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืจื™ื™ื›ืŸ ืกืขืจ ืงืœื™ืคืคืึธืจื“ ืื™ืŸ 1917.

ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืจ ืžืึทืŸ ืื™ื– ืคืึทื˜ืึทืœื™ ื•ื•ื•ื ื“ืึทื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืžืœื—ืžื” ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงืึทื ืคื™ื™ื ื“ ืฆื• ืึท ืจืขื“ืขืจืฉื˜ื•ืœ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืจืขืฉื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื’, ื’ืขืœื™ื™ืžื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืึทืคืจื™ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืจื•ื™. ืงืึธื ืกื˜ืึทื ืกืข, ื•ื™ืกื’ืขื“ื™ื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืœืึทื ื“ ืžืึทื ืฉืึทืŸ, ื•ื•ืึทื˜ืฉื™ื– ืื™ืจ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜ ื’ืœื™ื˜ืฉืŸ ืึทื•ื•ืขืง.

ื–ื™ ืœื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ืžืึทืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื–ื™ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืฆื• ืจืขืกืคึผืึธื ื“ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื•ืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืึทื˜ื•ืจ. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜, ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืึทืœื“, ืื™ืจ ืกืขื ืกื™ื– ื“ืึทืจืคืŸ ืคืึทืจืจื™ื›ื˜ืŸ: ืึธืœื™ื•ื•ืขืจ ืžืขืœืœืึธืจืก, ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ ื•ื•ืขืœื“ืขืจืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืฉืึทื˜ื˜ืขืจืœื™ื™ ืœืขื ื“ืขืจ, ืึท ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง, ื™ื ื”ื™ื‘ื™ื˜ืขื“, ื•ื•ื™ืœื“ ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื™ึทื“ื ืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขืš ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ, ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืงืึธื ืกื˜ืึทื ืกืข ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ืจ ืžืึทืŸ ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ. ื’ื™ื‘ ืื™ื.

ื“ืึทืžืข ื˜ืฉืึทื˜ื˜ืขืจืœื™ื™ ืก ืœืึธื•ื•ืขืจ

ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื•ืœื•

ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ืืงืื ื˜ ืคื™ื™ื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืฆื• Almudena Grandes ื›ึผื“ื™ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืจืฉื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคึฟืึทืจื›ืึทืคึผื ื“ื™ืงืข ืคึผืขืจืกืึธื ืึทื–ืฉืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื‘ืึทื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ืึธื’ืจืึทืคึฟื™ืข, ืื™ื– ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกืึทื ื˜ ืฆื• ืฆื•ืจื™ืงืงืจื™ื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืึท ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคื˜, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึธื ื’ืขืฆื™ื™ื›ื ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืึธืจืŸ, ื•ื•ื™ ืขื ื“ืœืขืš ืคึผืึทืกื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืึทืœืข, ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืกืขืงืกื•ืขืœืข ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืขืคื™ื ื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขืœืกื˜ืข ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜ืŸ, ื“ื™ ืชืื•ื•ืช. ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืคืจื™ื™ึทื•ื ื’ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ืกื˜ืจื•ื™ื™ื ื’ ืื™ืจ, ืฆื• ืฆื™ื™ื›ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื•ืฃ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ื™ื‘ื™ืง.

ื“ืึธืก ื‘ื•ืš ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืึทืŸ ืขืจืึธื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ, ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืฉืึทืœืึทื ื“ื–ืฉื™ื ื’ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืืฉืขืคืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ืœื™ื‘ืขืก-ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื‘ื•ืฉื”ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืœืึทื ื’, ืงื•ื•ืขื ืงืขืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืฉื•ืจื” ืคื•ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื˜ืึทื‘ื• ืึธื“ืขืจ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจืข ืชืื•ื•ืช. ื ืึธืš ื’ืขื˜ื•ื‘ืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืงื™ื ื“ืฉืึทืคื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคืขืœื ื“ื™ืง ืœื™ื‘ืฉืึทืคื˜, ืœื•ืœื•, ืึท ืคื•ืคืฆืŸ-ื™ืึธืจ-ืึทืœื˜ ืžื™ื™ื“ืœ, ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจืคื™ืจืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ืคึผืึทื‘ืœืึธ, ืื™ืจ ืขืœื˜ืขืจืข ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจ ืก ืคืจื™ื™ึทื ื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ ื”ืื˜ ืึท ืกื•ื“ ืคืึทืกืึทื ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ื–ื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ.

ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจื•ื ื’, Lulรบ, ืื™ื™ื‘ื™ืง ืžื™ื™ื“ืœ, ืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืงืกืขืคึผื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืึทืจื•ื™ืกืจื•ืคืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืœืขื ื’ืขืจืŸ ื™ื ื“ืขืคืึทื ืึทื˜ืœื™, ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืžืึธื“ื ืข ื’ืขืฉืœืขื›ื˜ ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช, ื“ื™ ืœื™ื‘ืข ืฉืคึผื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ื™ืฉื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืกืึทื‘ืžื™ืฉืึทืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืคึผืจื™ื•ื•ืึทื˜ ืึทืœื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ื•ื•ื• ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคืืจืœื™ืจื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜.

ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืจื™ื–ื™ืงืขืจ ื‘ืึทื”ืึทื ื“ืœื•ื ื’ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืึทืจื•ื™ืก ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืคึผืœื•ืฆืขื ืฆืขื‘ืจืึธื›ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืœื•ืœื•, ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ืจืฒึทืกื™ืง ื™ืึธืจ ืึทืœื˜, ืจื•ืคึฟื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ื”ื™ืœืคืกืœืึธื– ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืคึฟืฒึทืขืจืœืขืš, ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ื™ื”ื ื•ื ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื’ืขืคึฟืขืจืœืขื›ืข ืชืื•ื•ืช.

ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื•ืœื•

ืึทื“ืึท ืึธื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืคื™ื™ึทืขืจ

ื ืึทื‘ืึธืงืึธื•ื• ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขืจืง ื’ืขืจืื˜ืŸ ืฆื• ื›ืึทืคึผืŸ ืขืจืึทื˜ื™ืกื™ื–ืึทื ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืึธืœื˜ืขืจื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื‘ืึทื•ื•ื•ืกื˜ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ. ื“ืขืจ ื–ืฉืึทื ืจืึท ื™ื•ื–ืฉืึทื•ื•ืึทืœื™ ืคืืจืงืขืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืฉื˜ืึทื ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืœืขื›ื˜ -ืชืื•ื•ืช, ื•ื•ื•ึผ ื“ื™ ืœืขืจืงื™ื ื’ ืžืึธืจืึทืœ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืคึผืจื•ื•ื•ืŸ ืฆื• ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื’ืขืจืึธื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื‘ืึทื“ืขืจื– ืึธื“ืขืจ ื–ืึธืจื’ ื–ื™ื™, ื’ืขืจืึธื˜ืŸ, ืื™ื– ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืจื™ื˜ืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืขื ื“ืึทื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืขืœืขื’ืึทื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืงืฉืึทื ืึทืœ ืคึผืœืึทื ืึทืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื˜.

ืขื“ื” ืคึฟื™ืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื’ืฒึทืกื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ื•ื•ืึทืจืขืžืงื™ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขื ืจืขื›ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืกืขืงืกื•ืขืœืข ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืขืžืึธืœืกื˜ ืึท ืกืš ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืจื˜, ื•ื•ื™ ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ื ืึทื‘ืึธืงืึธื•ื•ืขืจึพืจืึธืžืึทื ืขืŸ. ืึทื“ืึท ืื™ื– ืึท ืคื™ืœืึธืกืึธืคื™ืงืึทืœ ืึธืคึผืžืึทืš ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื˜, ืึท ืคึผืึทืจืึธื“ื™ืฉ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ืคื™ืงืฉืึทื ืึทืœ ื–ืฉืึทื ืจืึท, ืึทืŸ ืขืจืึธื˜ื™ืฉ ืจืึธืžืึทืŸ, ืึท ื”ื™ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื’ืขื ื™ื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืจืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืŸ ืขื“ืŸ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืขืคึผืขืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื–ื•ื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื™ืœืขืž ื”ืึทื‘ืึธ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“.

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงืึธืžืคึผืœืขืงืก ื•ื•ืขืจืง, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืื•ื™ืก ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื’ืขื’ืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืกืึทื’ืจื™ืžืึทื ืฅ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืคึผืจืึธื•ื˜ืึทื’ืึทื ืึทืกื˜, ื•ื•ืึทืŸ ื•ื•ืขืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึทื“ืึท, ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืกื™ื‘ืœื™ื ื’ื– ื•ื•ืึธืก, ื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ื™ืง ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืงืึทื–ืึทื ื–, ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืœื™ื™ึทื“ื ืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขืš ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืœืขื’ื ื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื˜ื™ื ื™ื™ื“ื–ืฉ ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืจื“ื™ืก ืžืฉืคึผื—ื” ื ื—ืœื” (ื“ืขืจ ื’ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืขื“ืขืŸ).

ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜, ื‘ื™ื™ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืœืขื’ื ื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึทืŸ ืก ื–ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืง ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื•ืจืกื˜ืึธื’, ื’ืขื˜ื•ื‘ืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื ืขื ื‘ืขื ืงืฉืึทืคื˜, ื–ื™ื™ ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืงืกื™ื˜ื•ื“ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืœื™ื‘ืข, ืงืึทื ื•ื•ื™ื ืกื˜ ืึทื– ื’ืœื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขื ื˜ ืขืงืกื˜ืึทืกื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืึทื ืกืขืจื•ื•ื– ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ืงื•ื ืกื˜.

ืึทื“ืึท ืึธื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืคื™ื™ึทืขืจ

ื“ื™ ืœื™ื‘ื”ืึธื‘ืขืจ

ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื‘ื”ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืœ ืึทื– ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึทืจื’ืขืจื™ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืึทืก. ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืจืืžืื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ื™ื™ึทื ืขืŸ ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืกืืฆื™ืืœืข ื‘ืึทื˜ื™ื™ึทื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืืจื™ืฉืข ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ื•ื ื’. ืื™ืš ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืžื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ ืจืึธืžืึทืŸ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึท ื˜ืฉื™ืงืึทื•ื•ืข ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืฃ ืคึผืœืึทื ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื›ื•ืฉื™ืง, ืึธื“ืขืจ ืึทื– ืขืก ืคืขืœืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืืจื™ืฉืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜. ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืขืœ ื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ื– ืึทื– ืœืขืกืึธืฃ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืคืึธืจืžืึทื˜ื™ื•ื• ืคืึทืจื ืขื ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ื™ื™ ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ืŸ ื™ืงืกื™ื“ื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืึทืกืคึผืขืงื˜.

ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึท ื•ื•ื•ื ื“ืขืจืœืขืš ืจืึธืžืึทืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื›ึผื•ืœืœ ื™ื ื˜ืขื ืกื™ื˜ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืกืึทื’ื“ื–ืฉืขืกื˜ื™ื•ื• ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ืคืึธื“ืขื, ืฆื• ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขืš ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืจืขืกืขืจ, ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ ื˜ื™ื™ึทื˜ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธืœื™ืžืคึผื•ืก ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืคืขืžื™ื ื™ื–ืึทื, ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืกื™ืžืึธื ืข ื“ืข ื‘ืขืึทื•ื•ื•ืึธื™ืจ, ื•ื•ื™ืจื–ืฉื™ื ื™ืข ื•ื•ื•ืœืฃ o ื“ื–ืฉื™ื™ืŸ ืึธืกื˜ื™ืŸ, ื•ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ืคื™ืœืข ืื ื“ืขืจืข ... ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื™ื•ื ื’ ืžื™ื™ื“ืœ ืคึผืจืึธื•ื˜ืึทื’ืึทื ืึทืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืื™ื– ืึทืŸ ืึทืœื˜ืขืจ ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึทืจื’ืขืจื™ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืึทืก.

ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืึทื ื’ ืฆื• ืคืœื™ื™ืฉ ืœื™ื‘ืข ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืึทืงืกืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืจื™ื™ึทืš ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ื’ืขืจื™ืจื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ื’ืจืขื ืขืฅ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ืกื˜ืจื•ืžืขื ื˜ืึทืœื™ื–ืขื“ ื’ืขืฉืœืขื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ ืคืจื•ื™ ืงื•ืžื˜ ื‘ืึทื“ืœื™ (ืื™ืš ืžื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฆื• ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืžืขืŸ ื’ืœื™ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ).

ื“ื™ ื•ืคื“ืขืงื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช ืœื™ื‘ืข ืื™ื– ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืœื™ื‘ืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’, ืขืงืกืคึผืขืจื™ืขื ื˜ื™ืึทืœ, ืึธื•ืคึผืึทื ื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืคื™ื’ื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืคืจื™ื™ืข ื–ื™ื™ึทืขื ื“ื™ืง ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืœื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื”ืฉื’ื—ื” ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขืš ืžืึธืจืึทืœ.

ื“ื™ ืœื™ื‘ื”ืึธื‘ืขืจ

ื˜ืจืึธืคึผื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืจืึทืง

ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืจืึธืžืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ืžื™ืŸ ื”ืขื ืจื™ ืžื™ืœืœืขืจ, ืคื•ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ึทื’ืขืก, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืึทืงืกืŸ ืขืœื˜ืขืจ, ื•ื•ื• ืึทื ื˜ื•ื™ืฉื•ื ื’ ื™ื•ื–ืฉืึทื•ื•ืึทืœื™ ืจื•ืœื“ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืคืึทื ื˜ืึทืกื™ื–, โ€‹โ€‹ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึธื•ืคึผืึทื ืึทืก ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื‘ืึธื›ืขืจ ื‘ืขื ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ืงืึทื ื™ื ื’ ื‘ืื•ื•ื•ืกื˜ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืจืขื•ื•ืึธืœื•ืฆื™ืข, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื’ืจืึธื•ื˜ืขืกืง ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืึทื’ื™ืฉ ื•ื•ื™ืฅ ืื™ื– ืฆื• ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ืึทื– ืขืคึผืขืก ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื ืขืŸ.

ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื•ื•ืขื’ ืื•ื™ืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทื‘ืกืึธืœื•ื˜ ืœื•ืกื™ื“ื™ื˜ื™ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืึทืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช, ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืœื™ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืจื’ืึทืกืžื™ืง ื’ืœื™ืง, ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผืœื™ื™ืงืขื ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืึธืคืขื ื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื•ื•ืขื’ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ืŸ ืจื•ื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืึทืœ ืคึผืœืึทื ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทื–ื™ื’ืŸ.

ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš, ื“ืขืจ ืจืึธืžืึทืŸ ืึทื ื˜ื“ืขืงืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืกื˜ืจืขื ื™ื•ืึทืก ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื’ืขืฉืœืขื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื™ื“ืขืžืคึผื˜ื™ื•ื• ืคึผืึทืกืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ื–. ืคึผืึทืจื™ื– ื•ื•ืขืจื˜, ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจื™ื–ืžืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื”ืขื ืจื™ ืžื™ืœืœืขืจ, ืึท ื•ื•ื•ื ื“ืขืจืœืขืš ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืึธืŸ ืึท ืฉื˜ืึธื˜, ืึท ืคึผืขืจื’ืึทื˜ืึธืจื™ ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืึท ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื™ึทื“ื ืฉืึทืคื˜, ื•ื•ื• ืžื™ืœืœืขืจ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืžืึธืœ ืกื˜ืึทืคึผืก ืฆื• ื•ื ื˜ืขืจื–ื•ื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืฉืžื•ืช ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืจื™ื™ึทื– ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข.

ื˜ืจืึธืคึผื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทื ืกืขืจ, ืžื™ืœืœืขืจ
4.9/5 - (15 ื•ื•ืึธื•ืฅ)

1 ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ "ื“ื™ 5 ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืขืจืึธื˜ื™ืฉ ืจืืžืื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜"

ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’

ื“ืขื ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ื ื™ืฆื˜ ืึทืงื™ืกืžืขื˜ ืฆื• ืจืขื“ื•ืฆื™ืจืŸ ืกืคึผืึทื. ืœืขืจืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึธืžืขื ื˜ืึทืจ ื“ืึทื˜ืข ืื™ื– ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกื˜.