ื“ื™ 3 ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ Martรญn Caparros

ื“ืขืจ ืืจื’ืขื ื˜ื™ื ืขืจ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืขืจ Martin Caparrรณs ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืง, ืขืจ ื™ื ืงืœื•ื“ื– ืึท ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืกืคึผืขืงื˜ืจื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทื ืกืขืจื ื– ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืžื™ืกื™ืข ื‘ืขืœืฅ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ืขืœืขื˜ืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืขืกื™ื™. ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืขืงืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ื˜ื™ืึทืœื™ืกื˜ ืคืœืึทืš ื‘ืจื™ืœื™ืึทื ื˜ืœื™ ืคื™ื™ืกื˜ ืืคื™ืœื• ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ื™ science fiction ื“ื™ืกื˜ืึธืคึผื™ืึทืŸ ืฆื• ืึท ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขืš ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืง ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืขืœื•ื•ื– ืื™ืŸ ืขื ื“ืขืžื™ืง ื‘ื™ื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜.

ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื™ื•ื–ืฉืึทื•ื•ืึทืœื™ ืกื™ื™ื˜ืึทื“ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืงืึทืžื™ื˜ืึทื“ ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืขืจ, ืึท ื›ืจืึธื ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื’ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ืคึผืึทื ื–, ืคึผืขืจืคืึธืจืžื– ื“ื™ ื’ืขื ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธืกืคึผืขืงื˜ื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืคืึทืจืœืึทื ื’ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืขื ื˜ืคืขืจืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืกืขื ื“ืขื ืกืข.

ืื•ื™ื‘ ืžื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึท ืžืขื”ื•ื“ืขืจื“ื™ืง ื›ืืจืืงื˜ืขืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืžื™ืœื™ื˜ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืœืึทื ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžื™ืžื™ืงืจื™ ืกื˜ืึทืจืฅ, ืžื™ืจ ืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ืึทื ื˜ื“ืขืงืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื˜ืขื’, ืึท ื‘ืึธื›ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืฆื•ืคืจื™ื“ืŸ ืฆื• ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืึทืœืฅ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืึท ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉ ื•ื•ื™ื•ื™ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืงืึทืžืฃ. ื‘ื™ืฉืœื™ื™ืžืขืก ืกื•ืกื˜ืึทื™ื ืขื“ ืจืึธืžืึทื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืง.

Top 3 ืจืขืงืึทืžืขื ื“ื™ื“ ืจืืžืื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ Martรญn Caparrรณs

ืึธื  ืึท ืกืึธืฃ

ืขืก ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ. ืึทืœืฅ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื™ื ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ื•ื– ืฆื• ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืขืคึผืขืก ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืึท ืกื™ืคื™ ื‘ื•ื“ื–ืฉืขื˜ ืคึผืจื™ื“ื™ืกืคึผืึธื•ื–ื“ ืžื™ืจ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉืœื™ืกืŸ ืึท ืจืขืฉื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฉื•ืจืœื™ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜ืคืืจื˜ื™ืงื˜ ืงืึทืžืคึผืขืจื“ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืจืขืฉื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจืง ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžื—ื‘ืจ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืกืฅ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทืœื™ื‘ืกื˜ืข.

Sinfรญn ืื™ื– ืึท ื›ื™ื™ืคึผืขืจื‘ืึทืœื™ืง ื“ื™ืกื˜ืึธืคึผื™ืึท ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึธืจื‘ืึทืฅ ืึทืจื•ื ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ื‘ืึทื ืขืžืขื ื™ืฉ: ื™ืžืึธืจื˜ืึทืœื™ื˜ื™. ื ืจืึธืžืึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ ืึทืจื’ืขื ื˜ื™ื ืข ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฉื•ืจื ืึทืœื™ืกื˜ Martรญn Caparrรณs ืงืึทืžื‘ื™ื™ื ื– ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื–ืฉื•ืจื ืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืง ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืœืขื˜ืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืง.

ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขื•ืช ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื’ื•ืฃ. ืฆื• ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ืŸ ืื™ื– ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ืŸ. ืื™ืŸ 2070, ืึท ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืคืึธืจืขื ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื‘ื™ืง ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจืขืกื˜ืข ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื” ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข. ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึทื ืึทื•ื ืกื˜ ื›ื™ื ืขื–ื™ืฉ ื•ื•ืึธืจื˜ ืฆื™ืึทืŸ -ืคึผืึทืจืึทื™ืกืึธ - ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืคื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืกืึทืžืึทืจ ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืื˜ ืคืืจื•ื•ืื ื“ืœืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื˜ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืœื™ืึทื ื–. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืึทืžื˜ืขืจ ืžืึทื˜ืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜, ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืืžืช ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’.

ืึธื  ืึท ืกืึธืฃ ืขืก ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทื˜ืึทื’ืึธื ื™ืึทืŸ ื“ื–ืฉืึทื ื’ื’ืึทืœ, ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ ืึธืจื˜ ืคืึทืจืคืจื•ื™ืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื• ืงืจืขื ืง, ืขืœื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืš ืขืงืกื™ืกื˜ื™ืจืŸ. ืขืก ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืจื•ื™ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืึทื ื˜ืคึผืœืขืงืŸ ื“ื™ ืืžืชืข ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข: ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ืœืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขื›ืข ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช, ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจื‘ืึธืจื’ืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ืžืฉื˜ืขื ื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืคึฟื™ืจื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื›ื™ื“ืขืฉื“ื™ืง ืฉืคึผืจื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขืš ื˜ืขื›ื ื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืึทื ืจืึทื•ื•ืึทืœ ืื™ืŸ ืจืขืœื™ื’ื™ืขื– ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื™ื’ืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–. ืึธื  ืึท ืกืึธืฃ.

ืึธื  ืึท ืกืึธืฃ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึท ืจืึธืžืึทืŸ ืึธืŸ ื‘ืขืœืขื˜ืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืง ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืึท ื‘ืขืœืขื˜ืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืง ืึธืŸ ืึท ืจืึธืžืึทืŸ. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืึทืกื˜ื•ื•ืขืจื“ื™ ืึทืงืึทื•ื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจื˜ื™ืง: ืึท ืคืึทืกืึทื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืจื™ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ื ื’ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื›ืจืึธื ื™ืงืœืขืก, ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืง ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื’ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืžืืžืจื™ื, ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื ื“ืกื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื•ื•ื•ืกื˜ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ, ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื“ืขืจื™ื ื’ ื›ื™ื™ืคึผืึทื˜ืึทืกืึทืกืึทื–, ื“ื™ ื“ืขืคื™ื ื™ื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ื–ืฉืขื ื™ ื–ืขืฅ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ืœืขืกืึธืฃ ื˜ืฉืึทื ื’ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜.

ืกื™ื ืคื™ืŸ, ืคึฟื•ืŸ Martรญn Caparrรณs

ื“ื™ ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืงืข

ื ื’ืขื ืขืจืึทื˜ื™ืึธื ืึทืœ ืคึผืึธืจื˜ืจืขื˜, ืึท ืžืึธืกืึทื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ืขื ืึธืก ืขืจื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืกื™ื ืขืงืึธื“ื˜ืฉืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืืจื’ืขื ื˜ื™ื ืข. ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืงืึทื ื•ื•ืึทืœืกื™ื•ื• ื˜ืขื’ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื•ื ื’ ืžืึทืจื˜ื™ืŸ ืงืึทืคึผืึทืจืจืึธืก ืื™ื– ืœื™ื ืงืก ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื“ืขืืœืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืคึผืขืจืกืขืคึผืฉืึทื ื– ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึธืคื˜ ืคื•ื™ืœ.

Nito ืื™ื– ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื•ืขื ืึธืก ืขืจื™ื– ื“ืขื ื˜ืึธื’ ื•ื•ืึธืก Juan Domingo Perรณn ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ื˜, 74 ื™ื•ืœื™. ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืฉืึทืคื˜ ืื™ื– ืึท ืงื™ื ื“ืฉืึทืคื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืคื™ืœืข, ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืกื˜ื™ื“, ืึทื ืคืขืจื’ื™ื•ื•ื™ื ื’, ืงืึทืžืคึผืจื™ื™ื–ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ ืื•ืžืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืœื™ื‘, ืœืขืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืจืขืง, ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืจื•ื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืจื‘ื™ืึทืœืึทื ื˜ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืืจื’ืขื ื˜ื™ื ืข.

ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืจื™ ื™ืึธืจืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืื ื’ืขืฆื™ื™ื›ื ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืฆืขืžื™ืฉื˜ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืึธื ืขืก: ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืื˜ืขืจ, ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ื“ืข. ืื•ืŸ Nito ืคื™ืœื– ืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืจ ืคืึทืกืึทื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขื ื“ื•ืจื›ืคืึธืจ, ืžืขืจ ื›ืึธื ื˜ืึทื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ืกืคืงื•ืช: ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜? ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ืึทืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™? ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื ืึธืš ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–? ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ื‘ืื’ืขื’ื ื˜ ื“ืขื ืคึผืึทืกื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืึทืจืคึผืึทืกื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืคืŸ, ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืคื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืง ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืื™ื ืฆื• ืึทืจื•ื™ืกืจื•ืคืŸ ืึทืŸ ืขื ื˜ืคึฟืขืจ - ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœื™ืง, ืฉื•ื•ืึทืš - ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืคึฟืจืื’ืŸ ืึธืŸ ืึท ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืขื ื˜ืคึฟืขืจ.

ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืงืข, ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืึทืจื’ืขื ื˜ื™ื ืขืจ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืขืจ Martรญn Caparrรณs ื“ืขืœื•ื•ื– ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืžื™ื˜ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜, ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื“ื™ืกืึทืคึผื™ืจืึทื ืก ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืœืขื‘ืŸ. ื“ื™ ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืงืข ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึท ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืก ืฆื• ื˜ืจืึทื’ืขื“ื™ืข - ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืฆืข ื•ื•ืขืจืกืึท - ืึธืŸ ื˜ืึธืžื™ื“ ืคืึทืจืœื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืึทืจืฃ ืึธื ืงื•ืงืŸ, ื“ื™ ืขืžืึธืฆื™ืข, ื“ื™ ื›ื™ื“ืขืฉื“ื™ืง ืคึผืจืึธื–ืข. ื ื“ืขืจื™ื ื’, ื‘ืœืขื ื“ื™ืง ืจืึธืžืึทืŸ, ืคื•ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ืžืึธืจ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจื™ืง, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึธืคืคืขืจืก ืื•ื ื“ื– ืึท ื–ื•ื™ืขืจ ื–ืขืื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜ื™ืง ื•ื•ืขืœื˜, ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืึธื•ืœื“ื– ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื–, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื•ื ื“ืึทืžืขื ื˜ืึทืœ ืกื™ื™ืœืึทื ืกื™ื–. ื™ืงืขืจื“ื™ืง.

ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข

ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ื™ืš, ื“ื™ ื ื•ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึท ืฉื•ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืžื•ื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ. ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืฅ ืื™ื– ืงืึทื ืคื™ื•ื–ื™ื ื’, ื›ืึธื•ืžืœืึทื ื“, ืœืึทื ื“, ืคืึธืœืง, ื‘ื™ืœืึธื ื’ื™ื ื’, ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ. ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืจืึธืžืึทืŸ ืคื™ืงื˜ื™ืึธื ืึทืœื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ Martรญn Caparrรณs ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืžืขืฉื™ื•ืช ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืจื™ื˜ืฉื˜ ืฉื•ื•ืึทืจืฅ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืก.

ืึทืŸ ืื•ืžื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜ืขืจ ืึทืจื’ืขื ื˜ื™ื ืขืจ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืงืขืจ ืึทื ื˜ื“ืขืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื ืคืจืื ืฆื•ื™ื–ื™ืฉืขืจ ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ืึธื˜ืขืง ื ืžื™ืกื˜ืขืจื™ืขื–ืข ื‘ื•ืš, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื ื˜ื”ืืœื˜ ืืคืฉืจ ื“ืขื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืึธืก ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืื ื“. ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืงืขืจ ื‘ืึทืฉืœืึธืกืŸ ืฆื• ืึธืคึผื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ืึทืœืฅ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืึท ืงื•ื™ื ื‘ืึทื•ื•ื•ืกื˜ ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ืขืžืขื ืก ื”ืฉืคึผืขื” ืงืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืฉื›ืœื” ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžืึธื“ืขืจืŸ ืจืขื•ื•ืึทืœื•ืฉืึทื ื–.

ืึทื– ื›ืจืึธื ื™ืง ื˜ื™ื™ื˜ืึทืœื“ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืงืกืขื’ืขื˜ืข ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื˜ืึทืœ ื“ื™ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื™ืกื’ืขื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข: ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืœืขื›ื˜ ืžื™ื ื”ื’ื™ื, ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ื’ืึทืกื˜ืจืึทื ืึทืžื™, ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืจื˜ืฉื•ืขืจื™ ืจื™ื™ืฅ, ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึทื ื“ืœ, ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืืจืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืจืคืขืจ, ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ, ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืจืงืึทื˜ืขืงื˜ืฉืขืจ, ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื™ื‘, ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืœืืชืŸ, ื™ื ื“ืึทืกื˜ืจื™, ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™, ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึธื•ืจื˜ืœื™ ื™ื ื˜ืจื™ื’ื–, ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืกื•ืฃ ... ืงืึธืžืคึผืขื ื“ื™ื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึธื“ืขืจืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ, ืึท ืžืขืœื˜ื™ื ื’ ื˜ืึธืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืœืฉ - ืึธื“ืขืจ ืืžืช? ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึท ืกื˜ื™ืžื™ืึทืœื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืึทืจื•ื™ืกืจื•ืคืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืจ, ืึท ืžืึธื ื•ืžืขื ื˜ืึทืœ ืจืึธืžืึทืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืฉืคึผื™ื’ืœ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขืจื˜ ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื–, ืคืึทืจืงืจื™ืžื˜, ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜, ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืขื“ื–ืฉืึทื“ื™ืกื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ื ื” ื˜ืจื•ื˜ืก, ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืึทืœืฉ ื˜ื™ื ืกืึทืœ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ื’ืœืึธืจื™ื–.

ื“ืขืจ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ ืื™ื– ืึท ื•ื•ื™ืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ื•ื•ืขื ื˜ื™ื•ื•ื ืึทืก, ืึท ื™ื’ื–ื•ื‘ืขืจืึทื ื˜ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื‘ืึธืจื’ืขืก ืงืขืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื—ืœื•ืžื˜ ืคื•ืŸ: ืึท ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ ืžืฉื•ื’ืข, ืœืึทื‘ื™ืจื™ื ื˜ื”ื™ื ืข ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฆื™ื™ื›ืŸ ืึท ืžื™ื™ืœืกื˜ืึธื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœืึทื˜ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืืžืขืจื™ืงืื ืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ.

ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข

ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืจืขืงืึทืžืขื ื“ื™ื“ ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ Martรญn Caparrรณs

ืกืึทืจืžื™ืขื ื˜ืึธ

ืึธืŸ ืคื™ืœืข ืจืขืคึฟืขืจืขื ืฆืŸ ืฆื• ืึท ื›ืึทืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทื–ืึท ืึท ืœืึธื•ืงืึทืœื™ื™ื–ื“ ืคึผืจืึธืคื™ืœ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืขื ืึทืจื’ืขื ื˜ื™ื ืข ืคึผืจืขื–ื™ื“ืขื ื˜, ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ XNUMX ื™ืึธืจื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜, Caparrรณs 'ืคื™ื™ื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืฆื• ืฉืึทืคึฟืŸ ืึทื– ืžืขืฉื•ื’ืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉื”ื™ื™ึทื˜ ืึทืจื•ื ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื™ื™ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื™ื‘ืขืจืžืึทื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืžืขืจ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ืฉื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืกื™ื–ืฉืึทื ื–. ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก, ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจืก, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืจืึธืžืึทื ื™ื™ื–ื“, ืขื ื“ืœืขืš ืื•ื™ืš ืžื™ื•ื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ื›ืึทืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ Sarmiento.

ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื•ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืœื™ืžืึทืงื˜ื™ืง ืื•ื™ืกืฉื˜ืจืขืงืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ, Domingo Faustino Sarmiento ืจื™ื•ื•ื™ื•ื“ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืขืคื ื˜ืœืขืš ืขืคึผื™ืกืึธื•ื“ื– ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืคึผืจื™ื•ื•ืึทื˜ ืขืงืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึทืจื™ืขืจืข. ื“ืขืจื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืงื˜ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื‘, ื”ืฒื‘ื˜ ืขืจ ืืฑืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงื•ืœ. ืขืจ ืจืขื“ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื•ืŸ. ืขืจ ืจืขื“ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืคื™ื“ืขืžื™ืข ื•ื•ืืก ื”ืื˜ ืื™ื ื›ืžืขื˜ ืื•ืžื’ืขื‘ืจืขื ื’ื˜. ืขืจ ืจืขื“ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืžื’ืขื•ื•ืื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืžืœื—ืžื”, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ ืึธืคึผื–ืึธื’ืŸ, ื“ื™ ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ื ื‘ืึทืฆื™ืื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ื“ืขื ืื•ืžื’ืขืจื™ื›ื˜ืŸ ืจืขืกืคึผืขืงื˜ ืฆื•ื ืึทื ื˜ืึทื’ืึทื ืึทืกื˜, ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ื, ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืื•ืžื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜ ื›ืึทื’ื–, ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื–ื™ื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึทื›ื˜.

ืขืจ ืจืขื“ื˜: "ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืก ื•ื•ืืœื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืืจ ื“ื™ ื ืืจื™ืฉืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ื ืข ืฉื•ื ืื™ื, ื•ื•ืืœื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคืจืขื–ื™ื“ืขื ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื“ื•ื™ืขืจื˜ ื ื•ื•ืืš."

5/5 - (26 ื•ื•ืึธื•ืฅ)

1 ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ยซื“ื™ 3 ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ Martรญn Caparrosยป

  1. ืคึผื™ื ื’ื‘ืึทืงืง: ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ื’ื•ื˜ ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜. ื ื˜ืึธื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜, ื“ื•ืจืš Martรญn Caparrรณs

ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’

ื“ืขื ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ื ื™ืฆื˜ ืึทืงื™ืกืžืขื˜ ืฆื• ืจืขื“ื•ืฆื™ืจืŸ ืกืคึผืึทื. ืœืขืจืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึธืžืขื ื˜ืึทืจ ื“ืึทื˜ืข ืื™ื– ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกื˜.