ื“ื™ 3 ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ Norman Mailer

ืžืข ืŸ ื”ื ื˜ ืœืฒื› ื˜ ื’ืขืงืขื  ื˜ ืจืขื“ ืŸ ืคื• ืŸ ื“ืข ืจ ืฒื“ื™ืฉืข ืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ ืข ืื™ื‘ืข ืจ ื“ืข ืจ ืฐืขืœื˜ , ืฐืฒ ืœ ืข ืก ื–ืฒื ืข ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืข ืŸ ืื• ืŸ ื–ืขื ืข ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืข ืŸ ื ืก ืš ื’ืจื•ื™ื ืข ื“ืขืจืฆืฒืœืขืจืก , ืžื™ ื˜ ื™ืขื  ืข ืฒื“ื™ืฉ ืข ืฐืืจืฆืœืขืŸ , ืฐืขืœื› ืข ืคืืจื‘ื™ื ื“ ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ื ืข ืื• ืŸ ืฆืขืฉืฒื“ืขื  ืข ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื , ืฐ ื™ ื–.ื . ืึทืกื™ืžืึธื•ื•, ืคืื•ืœื•ืก ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ืงื™ื™ึทื˜, ืคื™ืœื™ืคึผ ืจืึธื˜ื” (ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืคื™ืœืข ืื ื“ืขืจืข) ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื ืึธืจืžืึทืŸ ืžื™ื™ืœืขืจ ืึทื”ืขืจ ื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืฉื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจืงืขื ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืขื ืกื™ื•ื•ืข, ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืข ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™ืข.

La ืžื™ื™ืœืขืจืก ืœื™ื™ึทื“ื ืฉืึทืคื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™ืงืึทืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ืžืข ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืขื ื“ืขื ื˜ืึทืœืข ืคึฟื™ื’ื•ืจืŸ ืคึฟื•ื ืขื 20ืกื˜ืŸ ื™ืึธืจื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜. ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฆื• ืขืงืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ ื“ืขื ืขืคึผืึธืก ืคื•ื ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื”ืึทื’ื™ืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™ืง ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืคืึธืจืžืึทื˜ื™ื•ื• ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทืจืงืึทืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืจื’ืึทื ื’ืขื ื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืื ื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื•ื˜ืึทื’ืึทื ืึทืกื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคืœื™ื›ื˜, ืžืืœ ื“ื•ืจืš ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืึทืœ ืจืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืฉืึทื ื–.

ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื˜ืึธืžืขืจ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืก ื ืขืžื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืึท ืจืึธืžืึทืŸ ืฆื• ืฉืคึผื™ืœืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื‘ื™ืึธื’ืจืึทืฃ. ื“ื™ ืคืขื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืฉืขืคืขืจื™ืฉ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืขืจ ืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืคื™ืงืฉืึทื ืึทืœ ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืขืจื’ืขืจ.

ืื•ื™ืกืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ื™ืึธื’ืจืึทืคึฟื™ืฉืŸ ืึทืกืคึผืขืงื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืึทื™ืœืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืจืึธืžืึทื ืขืŸ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืึธืจืŸ ืงืœืึทืกื™ืงืก ืคึฟื•ื ืขื 20ื˜ืŸ ื™ืึธืจื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜. ืœืืžื™ืจ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื...

Top 3 ืจืขืงืึทืžืขื ื“ื™ื“ ืจืืžืื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ Norman Mailer

ื“ื™ ื ืึทืงืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜

ื ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืžื™ื™ืœืขืจ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื”ืื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืžืืœ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืœื˜ ืืจื™ื™ื ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ืœื™ื˜ืขืจ, ืขืจืงื•ืžื˜ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ื“ื™ ืคืืจื‘ื™ื˜ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื˜ืŸ ื ืืš ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืžืœื—ืžื”. ืึทืœืฅ ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืžื™ืกื™ืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื ืขืžืขืŸ ื™ืึทืคึผืึทื ื™ืฉ ื˜ืขืจื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ืข ื‘ื™ื– ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื–ื™ื’ืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืึทื ืฅ.

ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืงืกืคึผื™ืจื™ืึทื ืกื™ื– ืคึผืจืึทื“ื–ืฉืขืงื˜ืึทื“ ืขืงืกืคึผืึธื•ื ืขื ืฉืึทืœื™ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื ืึทืงืขื˜ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจื’ืกื˜ ืžื™ื–ืขืจื™ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืžืœื—ืžื”, Mailer ื ืขืžื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื–ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื ืึธืคึผืึธืคึผืขื™ ื•ื•ื• ืกืขืจื’ืขืึทื ื˜ ืงืจืึธืคื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืขืœื ืขืจ ื”ืขืจืŸ, ืจื™ื“ื–ืฉื™ื–, ืจืขื“ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืึทืœืœืึทื’ืขืจ ื ืึธื›ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธืจื“ืขืจืก ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืึทืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ืข ืงื•ืžืžื™ื ื’ืก ื‘ืืฉืœืืกืŸ ืฆื• ื ืึธื›ืคืึธืœื’ืŸ ืึธืจื“ืขืจืก. ืึทื– ืื™ื ื–ืœ ืืคื™ืœื• ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจื™ื™ึทื– ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ืžื™ื™ื ืข ืคืขืœื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ื™ืกื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ื™ื ื“ื–ืฉืขืจื– ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทืŸ ืื™ื ื–ืœ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืงืขืจืŸ ื•ื•ื• ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ ื ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื ื“ืขื˜. ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื›ืึทืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจ ืœืึธื•ื“ื™ื“ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื•ืขืจื™ืกื™ืžื™ืœื™ื˜ื•ื“ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืœื™ื™ืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืึทื“ืึธื•ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขืš ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ ืคื ื™ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืึทืจื‘ ืขืงื–ื™ืกื˜ืขื ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืข ื˜ืขื’ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ืžืžืขื’ืœืขืš ื‘ืึทืœืึทื ืกืขืก ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืžืึธืจืึทืœ, ื™ืงืขืจื“ื™ืง ื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื ื’ืงืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฆืœ, ืคื™ื™ื ืึทื ืึทืก ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธืคืขื ื•ื ื’.

ื“ื™ ื ืึทืงืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜

ื“ืขืจ ืงืึทืžืฃ

ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึท ืจืึธืžืึทืŸ. ืึธื“ืขืจ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžื™ื™ืœืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืคืืจืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืึทืžืึธืœ ื‘ืืงืื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ื–ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ื ืึธื›ืคืึธืœื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืงืกื™ื ื’ ื’ืœื™ื™ึทื›ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืจืžืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžื•ื›ืึทืžืึทื“ ืขืœื™.

ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืึท ื›ืจืึธื ื™ืง ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืขืจ ื’ืจื™ื™ืก ืึท ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืขื’ืœื™ื›ืŸืข ืคึผืึทืกื™ืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืœื™ื™ืขื ื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื”ืฒึทื ื˜, ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ื ืึธื›ืŸ ื˜ืขื ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืœืขื ืฆื ื“ื™ืงืข ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืึทืžืึธืœ ืคึฟื•ื ืขื ืกืคึผืึธืจื˜, ื“ืขื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขื›ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืคึฟื™ืœื• ื“ืขื ืกืึธืฆื™ืึธึพืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืฉืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืขืœ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืขืคึผืขืก ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืงื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทืžืคึผืึธื•ื–ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ื›ืจืึธื ื™ืง ืื™ื– ืึท ืœื™ื™ึทื“ื ืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขืš ืžื™ื™ืœืขืจ, ืงืึทื ื•ื•ื™ื ืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื™ืงืขืจื“ื™ืง ื˜ืฉืจืึธื ื™ืงืœืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ื•ื˜ืฉืขืจื–, ืกืึธื•ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉืœื™ืกืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื˜ืจืึธื ื’ืขืกื˜ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ืขืœืฃ ืกื˜ืจื•ื ืขืก ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื’ืขืจืึทื ื’ืœ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื™ืงืกื™ื“ื– ื“ื™ ืคืึทืงื˜, ื‘ืขืœืขื˜ืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืึทืคึฟื™ืœื• ืœืขื‘ืŸ.

ื“ืขืจ ืœืขืฆื˜ืขืจ ืืงื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขื 30ืกื˜ืŸ ืืงื˜ืื‘ืขืจ 1974. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืืงืื ื˜ ืืœืก ื“ืขืจ "ื“ื–ืฉืื ื’ืœืข ืงืืžืฃ" ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืืžืฃ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ืขืœื™ ื“ื•ืจืš KO ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทื›ื˜ืข ืจื•ื ื“ืข. ืžื™ื™ืœืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืคืจื™ืขืจ, ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš, ืึทืคึผืจืึธื•ื˜ืฉื™ื ื’ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื‘ืึทืงืกืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ื•ืึทืœื™ื–ืขื“ ืึทืœืฅ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื™ืžืคึผืจื•ื•ื•ื™ื ื’ ืคืึทืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคื•ืœืึทืกื˜ ื˜ืึทื ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ.

ื“ืขืจ ืงืึทืžืฃ

ื”ืึทืจื˜ ื’ื•ื™ืก ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื˜ืึทื ืฆืŸ

ื“ืขืจ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืขืจ ืคืืจืŸ ืฉืคึผื™ื’ืœ. ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืขื–ืขื ื˜ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ืœืขืš ื•ื•ืึธื’ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืฆืขืฉื˜ืขืจื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ื™ ืคึผื•ื™ืœื™ืฉ ืึทื– ืจื™ื™ึทื‘ื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื ืึทื˜ื™ืจืœืขืš ืงืึธื•ื™ื’ื–ื™ืกื˜ืึทื ืก.

Tim Madden ืื™ื– ืึท ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทื“ืจืขืกื– ื“ื™ ืึธื ืฆื™ื ื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืœืึธื ื˜ืฉื™ื– ืื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื‘ืจื™ืœื™ืึทื ื˜ ืฉืขืคึฟืขืจื™ืฉืงื™ื™ื˜. ืคืึทืจืคืึทืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื˜ืขื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขืจืึทื˜ืึทืœ ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ืŸ, ืžืึทื“ื“ืขืŸ ื“ื™ืกืงืึทื•ื•ืขืจื– ื–ื™ืš ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืงืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืžืึทืงืึทื‘ืจืข ืกืฆืขื ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜. ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขื ื’ืกื˜ืข ื ืขื›ื˜ ื–ืฒื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ื ืงืฒืŸ ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจืข ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืขื ืข ืฆื• ืชืื•ื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ื™ืชื™ืจื”. ืžืึทื“ืึทืŸ ืกืึทืกืคึผืขืงืฅ ืึทื– ืขืก ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืจ ื”ื™ื“ืข ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืขืจ ืกืึทืงืกื™ื“ืึทื“ ืฆื• ืฉืœืึธืคืŸ.

ืžื•ืจื ื›ืืคื˜ ืื™ื, ืื‘ืขืจ ืกืคืงื•ืช ืคื™ืจืŸ ืื™ื ืฆื• ืคืจื•ื‘ื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ืจืขืงืึธื ืกื˜ืจื•ื™ืจืŸ ื“ืขื ื ืื›ื˜ ืคืจื™ืขืจ. ื—ื•ืฅ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื˜ืจื™ื˜ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืคื™ืจืŸ ืื™ื ืฆื• ืกื•ืจืจื™ื“ ืกืคึผื™ื™ืกืึทื– ืคื•ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื™ืจืขืžื™ื“ืึทื‘ืœื™ ืคืืจืžืฉืคื˜ ืฆื• ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจื ื™ืฉ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื“ืจื•ื’ืก ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืœืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ืคืึธืจื–ืขืฆืŸ ื‘ืึทื’ืจืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืขืงื–ื™ืกื˜ืขื ืฅ. ื˜ืขืกื˜ืขื“ ื“ื™ ืงืœืึทืกื™ืฉ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฆื• ืึทื ื˜ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืžืึธืจืึทืœ, ื“ืขืจ ืžื—ื‘ืจ, ืึธื“ืขืจ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื•ื˜ืึทื’ืึทื ืึทืกื˜ ืžืึทื“ืึทืŸ, ื’ื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืึทื– ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืœื“ ื–ื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ.

5/5 - (15 ื•ื•ืึธื•ืฅ)

1 ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ "ื“ื™ 3 ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ Norman Mailer"

ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’

ื“ืขื ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ื ื™ืฆื˜ ืึทืงื™ืกืžืขื˜ ืฆื• ืจืขื“ื•ืฆื™ืจืŸ ืกืคึผืึทื. ืœืขืจืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึธืžืขื ื˜ืึทืจ ื“ืึทื˜ืข ืื™ื– ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกื˜.