ื“ื™ 3 ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ Anne Tyler

ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธื›ืขื“ื™ืง ืื™ื– ืึท ืคึผืจืึธืกื˜ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ. ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ื–, ืกื˜ืจื™ืคึผื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜, ื“ื™ ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืงื–ื™ืกื˜ืขื ืฅ. ืื•ืŸ ืึทืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืœืขืจ ืขืจ ื“ืขื“ื™ืงื™ืจื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืง ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคื•ืœืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืกืคึผืขืงื˜ื™ืึธืŸ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื ื˜ ืกื•ื•ื™ื•ื•ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืžื™ืœื™ืึทื ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืจืขืคึผืจืึทื–ืึทื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืœืขืกืึธืฃ ืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจื“ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืงืขืกื™ื™ื“ืขืจื“ื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืื™ื– ืจื™ื“ื•ืกื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืžื™ื ื™ืžื•ื ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง.

ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ืคืึทืœ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืขืคื™ืœ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ื˜ ืึทื– ืžืึทื’ื™ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกืึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืžื™ื ื™ื, ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืฆืึธืจืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืงื™ื™ื˜. ืื™ืŸ ื™ื ื˜ืึทืžืึทืกื™ ืงืจืึทืžื‘ืึทืœื“ ื˜ื™ื™ืœืขืจ ืžื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื˜ืึทื‘ืœืขื˜ืึธืคึผ ืกืฆืขื ืข ืึธื“ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื˜ ืžื ื•ื—ื”, ืžืึธื•ืžืึทื ืฅ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืกืึทืงืึทืžื™ื ื’ ืฆื• ืฉืœืึธืคืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืขืœื ื˜ ื‘ืขื˜ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฉืึทืจืขืก ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ.

La Anne Tyler ืึทืจื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจืง ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึท ืžืึทื ื™ืคืขืกื˜ืึธ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ื™ืžืึทืกื™, ืึท ืขื ื“ื™ื•ืจื™ื ื’ ืคึผืึธืจื˜ืจืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขื“ื–ืฉืึทื– ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธื•ื™ื’ื–ื™ืกื˜ืึทื ืก ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืงืึทื•ื ื˜ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื ื•ื™ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงืึธื•ื™ื’ื–ื™ืกื˜ืึทื ืก. ื’ืขื‘ื™ืœื“ืขื˜ ืืคื™ืœื• ืื™ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึทืœื˜ืขืจื ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ืงืึทืžื™ื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ื•ืึทืงืขืจืก, ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืจื™ืกื˜ืœืขืš ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื’ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืกืขื ื˜ืจืึทืœื™ื™ื–ื™ื– ืึทืœืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื ืขืจ ืึทืœื•ื•ืขืœื˜, ืขืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื’ืจื™ื ื’ืขืจ ืฆื• ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื™ื ื˜ืจืึทืกืคึผืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’.

ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืึทื– ืฆื• ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ืŸ ื“ืขื ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทื–ืึท ืื™ื ื˜ืขื ืกื™ื•ื•ืข ืื™ื ื˜ื™ืžืงื™ื™ื˜, ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ื“ื™ ื ื•ื™ื˜ื™ืงืข ืžื™ื˜ื’ืขืคึฟื™ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืจืฉื•ื™ื ืขืŸ. ืคึฟืึทืจ ื˜ื™ื™ืœืขืจ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ืึธืจ ืึท ืขื ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืกื˜ืึทื’ื™ื ื’ ืคึผืจืึทื“ื–ืฉืขืงืฉืึทื ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึทืงืกื™ืžื•ื ืคึผืจืึทืงืกื™ืžืึทื˜ื™ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ื–ืฉืขื ืขืจื™ื™ื˜ืึทื“ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื.

ืžืขืฉื™ื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึทืงืกื™ืžื•ื ืกืขื ืกื™ื˜ื™ื•ื•ื™ื˜ื™ ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืคืืจืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืžืขืœืขืš ื’ืึทื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืงื™ืš ื–ื™ื™ื’ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืจื•ื ื˜ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืึท ื“ื™ื ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ืœืงื™ื™ึทื˜, ื ื•ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข. ืžืขืฉื™ื•ืช ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืึทืจืึทื“ืึธืงืก ืคื•ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืื™ืจ ืœื™ื‘ืข, ื ืึธืจ ื•ื™ืกืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืึทืœืฅ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื›ืึทืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื–, ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืงื•ื•ืขืจืงืก ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื ืงืœ ื ื•ืงืก ืื•ืŸ ืงืจืึทื ื™ื–, ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื”ืืคืขื ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืจืึทืกื˜ืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–, ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื‘ืข ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืึทืงืกืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืฉื˜ืืจืงืขืจ. ืึทื‘ืกืึธืœื•ื˜ ืึธืคืขื ื’ื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ .

ืึท ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจื™ืŸ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื–, ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ืจ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืงืขืจ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉื•ื•ืื•ื ื“ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืึธืจืŸ ืžื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ื™ื ื˜ืฉื™, ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื™ืงืขืจื“ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืคึผื ื™ื ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืžื™ื ื™ืžื•ื ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง, ืึธืŸ ืจืึธืœืขืก ืึธื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ืคืขื ืกื™ื–. ื“ืืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ืืก ืคืืกื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ืืงืขื˜ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื–ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘.

Anne Tyler ืก ืฉืคึผื™ืฅ 3 ืจืขืงืึทืžืขื ื“ื™ื“ ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ

ื‘ืจื™ื“ื™ื ื’ ืขืงืกืขืจืกื™ื™ื–ื™ื–

ื•ื•ื™ ืคื™ืœืข ืžืึธืœ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืึทื– ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืึท ื˜ื™ืฃ ืึธื˜ืขื ืื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ ืฆื• 10? ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืจืขืคึฟืขืจืขื ืฅ ืฆื• ื“ืขืœื•ื• ืื™ืŸ ืงืึธื•ื™ื’ื–ื™ืกื˜ืึทื ืก ืื•ืŸ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืึทืงืฉืึทืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืจืขืฉื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคืึทืจื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ื–.

ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื™ืึธ, ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื™ื– ืืžืช ื•ื•ื™ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื™ื ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืจืึธืžืึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื•ื˜ืึทื’ืึทื ืึทืกืฅ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขื™ืฆืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคึผืœืึทื ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืงืึทืžืคึผืจื™ื™ื–ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื™ืจ ืœื™ื‘ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜. ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื’ืจื™ื ื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ืจืึท ืื•ืŸ ืžื’ื™, ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืคึผื™ืฉ ืคึผืึธืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ืื“ืขืงื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉืึธืจื˜ืงืึธืžื™ื ื’ืก ื•ื•ื™ ื–ื™ื™ ืงืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคืึทืจื‘ืึธืจื’ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืื•ืžื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜ ืกื™ืงืจื™ืฅ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืคึผืขืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ื–.

ืจืขืึทืœื™ื–ื ืื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืœืขืจ ืก ื”ืขื ื˜ ืื™ื– ืึท ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื“ืœื“ื™ืง ื ืกื™ืขื” ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืจ. ื“ื™ ื™ืงืกืงื™ื•ืกื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜, ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืก ืœื™ื’ื˜, ื“ื™ ืืžืช ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืข ื™ืงืกืคึผืึธื•ื–ื“ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ื“ื™ืคึผืึทืกื˜ ืงืึทื ื˜ืจืึทื“ื™ืงืฉืึทื ื– ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืืžืช ื˜ื™ื™ึทื˜ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืข.

ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืฉืคึผื—ื” ืื™ืŸ ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืœื™ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืขื ื“ืก ื ืึทืงืขื˜ ื™ืขื ืข ืงืจื™ื™ืกื™ื– ื“ื•ืจืš ืึธื•ื•ื•ืขืจืขืงืกืคึผืึธืกื™ืึธืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืืžืช. ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืงืขืŸ ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ื“ืขื ืืžืช ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื‘ืฉืขืช ื˜ืจื™ื™ื ื’ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ืœืŸ.

ืึท ืจืึธืžืึทืŸ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจื›ืึทืคึผื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฆืขืจื•ื“ืขืจื“ื™ืงืŸ ืจืขืึทืœื™ื–ื, ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคึฟื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื•ื•ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืขืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืข ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ืœืขื›ืข ืœืขื‘ื ืก ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืฉื›ืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขื ื”ื•ื™ื–.

ื‘ืจื™ื“ื™ื ื’ ืขืงืกืขืจืกื™ื™ื–ื™ื–

ื“ื™ ืึทืงืกืึทื“ืขื ื˜ืึทืœ ื˜ื•ืจื™ืกื˜

ื•ื•ื™ ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ Joaquin Sabina, ื“ื™ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ ื–ืึทืš ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืข ืื™ื– ืึทื– ืื™ืจ ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜. ื“ืขืจ ืึธื ื•ื•ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืงื™ื ื“ ืื™ื– ืึทื– ืื™ืŸ ืขืกืึทื ืก, ื“ื™ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื’ืขืคื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืงืกืคึผืขื ื“ืึทื‘ื™ืœื™ื˜ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืฅ. ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจืก, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข, ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืึทื’ืขื“ื™ืข ืขื ื“ืก ืึทืจื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืฆืขืฉื™ื™ื“ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืืก ืคืจื™ืขืจ ืฉืขืจื“ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ืงืฉื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคึฟื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืขื ื˜ืคึฟืขืจืŸ.

ืžืึทืงืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืจื” ืึทื ื˜ื“ืขืงืŸ ื“ืขื ืชื”ื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื•ื•ืขืง ื•ื•ืึธืก ื™ืงืกื˜ืขื ื“ื– ืฆื• ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืึทืœ ืงืึทื ื˜ื™ื ื“ื–ืฉืึทื ืกื™. ืฉืจื” ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืึทื•ื•ืขืง ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืื•ืŸ ืžืึทืงืึธืŸ ืื™ื– ืœื™ื ืงืก ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืกื“ืจ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื•ืงืึทืกื ืึทืก ืฆื• ืึทืจื™ื™ึทืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึทืœืข-ืงืึทื ืกื•ืžื™ื ื’ ืจื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทืงื™ืึทืคึผื™ื™ื– ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืจื’ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ.

ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกื–ืขืŸ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืžื™ื•ืจื™ืืœ, ืึท ืคึฟืจื•ื™ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจืข ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืข ื“ื™ืœืขืžืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจื˜ืœืขื›ื˜ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืึท ืžืฉืคึผื—ื” ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ ืื•ื™ืคึฟืŸ ืจื•ืงืŸ, ื“ืขืงื˜ ื‘ื™ืกืœืขื›ื•ื•ืฒึทื– ืึธืŸ ื“ืขื ืชื”ื•ื, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ื™ื– ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืื•ืžืื•ื™ื›ึผืฃื“ื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ืžืึทืงืึธืŸ.

ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ, ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืงืึทืคึผืึทืฆื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคึผืœืึทื•ืกื™ื‘ื™ืœื™ื˜ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึธืจืึทืœื™ืฉ, ืื™ื– ืึทื– ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืข ื’ื™ื›ืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคืึทื˜ืึทืœื™ื˜ื™, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืึทืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืจื™ืจื” ื•ื•ืขื’ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื™ืžืึทื“ืึทื“. ืึท ื™ืงืกื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืจืึธืžืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืจื•ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜, ืฆื• ืจื™ื–ื™ืœื™ืึทื ืก ืื•ืŸ ืœืขืกืึธืฃ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืคืจื™ื™ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืื•ื•ื•ืกื˜ื–ื™ื™ืŸ.

ื“ื™ ืึทืงืกืึทื“ืขื ื˜ืึทืœ ื˜ื•ืจื™ืกื˜

ื‘ืึทื’ืขื’ืขื ื™ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขื ืงืฉืึทืคื˜ ืจืขืกื˜ืึธืจืึทืŸ

ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึทื–ืขืœื›ืข ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทืจืึธืคึผื•ื•ืึทืจืคืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืขืœืึทื ื›ืึธืœื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื‘ืึทื–ื™ื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื–ืœืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ืจื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ืคืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืคืœื•ื ื’. ืคืขืจืœ ื”ืื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื”ืึธืจื™ื–ืึธื ื˜.

ื ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ืžื‘ืืœื™ื™ื“ื™ืงื˜ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืืœืฅ ื’ื™ื˜ ืื™ื ื“ื™ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืกืฆื•ื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื˜ืขื’ ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืื˜ ื”ื ืื” ืฆื• ืคืืจื–ืืžืœืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืืจื•ื ื ื˜ื™ืฉ, ื•ื•ืื• ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื”ืื˜ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืฆืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืคื™ืœืข ื™ืืจืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง. ื“ื™ ืขืจื’ืกื˜ืข ื–ืึทืš ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืคื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคื•ื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื’ื–ืึธืกื˜ืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืžืขืฆืขืจ ืื™ื– ื˜ื•ื™ื’ืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืง ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืจืึทื˜ื  ืื™ืจ ืึทื– ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื˜ืึธืŸ ืขืก ื’ืขื ื•ื’.

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืฉืคึผื—ื” ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคืงื•ื ืึทืจื•ื ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง ืžืึทื˜ืจื™ืึทืจื˜ืฉืึทืœ ืคื™ื’ื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืขืจืœ, ืื™ืจ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธื“ื™, ื“ื–ืฉืขื ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืขื–ืจื ืžืึทื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึธืกืึทื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืคึผื—ื” ืกืฆืขื ืข. ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืึทืจืฆื™ืงืกื˜ืข ืึทืคึผื™ืจืึทื ืกืึทื– ืื•ืŸ ืฉืžื•ืขืกืŸ, ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืึทืจื•ื™ืก ื“ื™ ืกืขื ืกื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืึทื– ืขืคึผืขืก ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ, ืคืึธื•ืงื™ืกื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืคื™ื™ืœื™ืขืจื– ืื•ืŸ ืฉืึธืจื˜ืงืึธืžื™ื ื’ืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ื›ืึทืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคืืจืœืื–ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืฉืคึผื—ื”.

ืขืก ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืฆื• ืคืึธืงื•ืก ื“ื™ ืฉื•ืœื“ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืขืžืขืฆืขืจ ื•ื•ืืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ ื“ืึธืจื˜. ื“ืขืจ ืึทื•ื•ืขืง ืื™ื– ื™ื“ืขืึทืœื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื–ื•ื›ื˜ ืื ื“ืขืจืฉ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื•ื“ืขืจ. ืื™ืŸ ืขื–ืจื'ืก ืจืขืกื˜ื•ืจืื ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ ื“ืื–ื™ืงืข ืคืืžื™ืœื™ืข ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืคืืจืื™ื™ื ื™ื’ื˜, ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื”ื ืื” ื”ืื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ืื›ืืžืืœ ื•ื•ืืจื˜ืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืคืืจื‘ืœื™ื‘ืขื ืขืจ ื–ืืœ ืืจื™ื™ื ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืื ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื–ื™ืฆืŸ.

ื‘ืึทื’ืขื’ืขื ื™ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขื ืงืฉืึทืคื˜ ืจืขืกื˜ืึธืจืึทืŸ
5/5 - (4 ื•ื•ืึธื•ืฅ)

ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’

ื“ืขื ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ื ื™ืฆื˜ ืึทืงื™ืกืžืขื˜ ืฆื• ืจืขื“ื•ืฆื™ืจืŸ ืกืคึผืึทื. ืœืขืจืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึธืžืขื ื˜ืึทืจ ื“ืึทื˜ืข ืื™ื– ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกื˜.