Imbali njengesayensi etyholwayo ikwanazo neendawo zokuhomba ngokufakwayo iqinisekisiwe kwakhona yile nto, ngokuchanekileyo ngumbhali-mbali IHarari iye yavela njengomnye wababhali abaziwayo bangoku malunga nokuvela kunye neendlela zempucuko yethu. Ngenxa yokuba iHarari ihamba phakathi kwezinto eziqinisekileyo, ewe, kodwa iyashukuma ukufumana iziqhamo ezitsha apho kwakhiwe ukuqonda ngokubanzi.
Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo lo mbhali ongaphezulu nje kwe-40 ukwazile ukubetha isitshixo sokugqitha kwimithombo yeendaba kunye nokuqwalaselwa kwengqondo ukusukela oko kuvulwa kweMbali ngoqeqesho Iveza iindlela ezomeleleyo ngokugqibeleleyo kugxeko ojonga ngokuchanekileyo kunye noqikelelo lweenjongo zokusasaza ukufaka isandla kumbono omtsha ochaphazela ukuqala kwethu, imvelaphi yendaleko esithathe apha ngaphandle kokulawula izinto ezinje ngamathuba.
Ngokuchanekileyo ukufika kolwazi kugcinwe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ezingena kuzo imvelaphi yempucuko yethu kunye nemiba eyahlukileyo ehambelanayo ye-anthropology eqondwa njengenzululwazi yokudibanisa yenza uHariari omnye wabaphengululi abaqwalaselweyo ekukhangeleni izitshixo zento esiyakhayo.
Kodwa yintoni eyona nto ibalaseleyo Abafundi beHarari Yeyona nxalenye yayo igqibezelayo, leyo eqhubeka iqwalasela ukuba yeyiphi indaleko kunye nokuba yeyiphi involution enokubakho kwingcinga yangoku njengelifa lokugqibela lenkqubela phambili emininzi, iingxabano, iinguqulelo kunye nefilosofi apho iinkolelo ezizama ukugcina. esona sithuba somntu. UHarari sele ebhale iincwadi ezininzi, kodwa kukho ezintathu eziye zandisa udumo lwakhe lwamazwe ngamazwe.
Iincwadi ezi-3 eziPhakanyisiweyo eziPhakanyisiweyo ngu-Yuval Noah Harari
Sapiens. Ukusuka kwizilwanyana ukuya koothixo
Isihloko sale ncwadi sisandula ukugwetywa "imbali emfutshane yoluntu." Umbhali sele ekhuphe kwesi sihlomelo injongo yakhe yokucacisa, ngokubhekisele kwiinkcukacha zembono enokuthi isetyenziswe kwizifundo ezibanzi ngakumbi.
Kodwa umbuzo kukuxubha ukuze olo lwazi lwenziwe lube ngumdlalo wokuzonwabisa. Kutshanje sithethe ngencwadi «Neanderthal yokugqibela»Inoveli ejongene nezo ntsuku zimnyama zokugqibela zokuvela kwendalo yethu. KUNYE UAntonio Perez Henares Uzibhale ngokwakhe isaga yakhe ngalo mbandela.
I-Sapiens ikwimfashini kwaye uHarari uzisa elona cala linokufika apho anokufika khona ukuze ahlale kulo mhlaba. Umthamo uselolunye utoliko, kodwa isitayile sikaHarari kunye nobukrelekrele obenza lo msebenzi ube yenye yezinto ezisisiseko kubugcisa bokutolika ekufuneka wonke umfundi wakudala abenaso njengesalathiso.
I-Sapiens sisiqalo sayo yonke into, ukusuka kuye sifike kumxube wangoku kwaye ngokusekwe kumahluko wabo wenguquko ikamva lethu linokubhalwa. Ukoyisa kubonakala kuyenye yeendawo, inyani eyohlukileyo eyavumela ii-Sapiens zokuqala ukuba zoyise kuzo zonke ezinye ii-humanoids kunye nokufikelela kumhla wethu kunye noqikelelo lwengomso lethu. Kuphela kukuba eli candelo lokuphucula lisekelwe kwiinkalo ezingahlali zinconywa: amabhongo, umnqweno owenziwe ngokuzinzileyo ...
Yonke le nto ayisoloko ihambelana neyona nto ilungileyo yolonwabo ebiqhubeka ngendlela yethu njengoko sasisiya siqonda. Into esiyiyo kunye nento esiza kuyenza kweli hlabathi inxulunyaniswe ngokuthe ngqo kwezo protomen zikwazile ukulawula phezu kobuso bomhlaba amashumi amawaka eminyaka eyadlulayo.
Izifundo ezingama-21 zenkulungwane yama-XNUMX
Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, amanqaku achazwe kwincwadi yakhe yangaphambili ethi Sapiens, eyanwenwela okomlilo wedobo ehlabathini lonke, yavuselela umdla ogqithisileyo ngokubaluleka kwaloo ngcamango kwimeko yempucuko esikuyo ngoku. Imiceli mngeni edumileyo esijongene nayo isekelwe kwindlela esinokuba nako ngayo ukupaka, ukuya kwindawo esengqiqweni ngakumbi, kumnqweno wethu.
Kuba ngokubanzi into esifuna ukuyiphumeza ngamanye amaxesha yalatha kwinto engekhoyo, ekuzuzeni, eluzukweni lwezinto eziphathekayo ezingabalulekanga. Kwaye oko kuyimpikiswano ebonakalayo kwinto ikamva lethu elinokuthi liyisebenzise xa kwavela ukuvela kwe-Sapiens njengamandla obukrelekrele ngokuchasene namandla.
Zama ukucacisa indlela esingaphezulu ngayo kunoko sikuko. Kuba kulo msebenzi inxenye enkulu yenkohliso ifunyenwe ukuba uninzi lweengcinga esele zilindelwe, ukusuka Malhus phezulu George Orwell. Ababhali sithembele ngaphantsi kuka-Adam Smith, owathi, njengo mesiya omtsha, wabhengeza ukuba ukuchuma kwezoqoqosho ezandleni zamabhongo zezona zilungileyo iinkqubo.
Andazi nokuba imalunga nokugxeka inkululeko yezoqoqosho na, kodwa izithunzi zayo, zandiswe kwimiba efana ne-post-truth, iziqubulo zolonwabo, imigangatho ephindwe kabini, ukungalingani kwezoqoqosho phakathi kwelizwe kunye nelinye kwihlabathi elinye kunye noloyiko olufakwe ngaphakathi. ukuqonda ukuba impilo-ntle ekucingelwa ukuba inikwe inokuba sengozini.
UHomo Deus
Kususela oko amaGrike asazisa kwizithixo, ukuthanda okungenakwenzeka kwamaphakade kuye kuma njengokungaphumeleli okukhulu komntu. Indlela yokuzenza singafi njengoothixo abatsha kukuqokelela iimpahla ezininzi, siphumelele, sishiye uphawu lwethu kwihlabathi elikhuphisanayo. Kwakhona lo msebenzi uqala kwisiphithiphithi esikhulu seSapiens.
Njengoko sibonile kwicandelo lalo, iinkcukacha "zembali emfutshane yoluntu" apho umsebenzi usikelwe khona zinike okuninzi. Kwaye zonke ezinye zilandelelana eziqhubeka nokubonelela ngobutyebi obunolwazi ngalo mbhali ungapheliyo.
Kule meko sijongana nekamva, isiphelo sokufa kunye nokuhlalisana kunye neengqondo ezidalwe kumfanekiso wethu kunye nokufana, kuphela kunye ne-algorithmic projection eya kunqoba imida yethu kwaye igqibe ukusilawula, ukujongana nentando yethu. Ukuthetha ngekamva kuye kwaba yinto ebuhlungu ekugqibeleni eye yanqotshwa kwizifundo zangaphambili zenza ibhalansi engenakwenzeka. Ngamanye amazwi, besisoloko sikwazi ukuzoyisa.
Kodwa ngoku kubonakala ngathi uzimisele. Ngomsebenzi osezandleni zee-automatons ezinikwe ubukrelekrele obupheleleyo obunokuthi bazibonakalise njengento ephazamisayo yendaleko yethu. Mhlawumbi ubuchule kunye nobuntu, njengento yokwahlula, yindawo yokugqibela yokusabela ...
Ezinye iincwadi ezinconyelwe nguYuval Noah Harari
I-Nexus: Imbali emfutshane yolwazi lwenethiwekhi ukusuka kwixesha lamatye ukuya kwi-AI
IHarari ayiyoyiki eyona ngcinga inebhongo, yokumfamekisa ukuqonda xa kugxininiswa kundoqo ophikisanayo wobuntu. Ukulangazelela iphakade elithenjisiweyo elithi kancinci kancinci lijonge ngakumbi njengesithunzi nje, ukuqonda isizathu esingu-zero malunga nayo yonke into ... Ukanti le nto inomtsalane wayo. Kuba iintsalela zamathandabuzo ezinokuthi zihlale, ekufikeni kwaloo ngcinga yamandulo egcina iziqinisekiso kunye nobukhoboka obudala kwezinye iintlobo zeendlela ezinengqondo ezingaphantsi.
Kwi-Nexus, iHarari ijonga ubuntu kwimbono ebanzi yembali ukuhlalutya indlela uthungelwano lolwazi lwenze kwaye aluzange lwenze ihlabathi lethu. Kule minyaka iyi-100.000 idlulileyo, thina sapiens siye saqokelela amandla amakhulu. Kodwa, ngaphandle kwazo zonke izinto ezifunyenweyo, izinto eziqanjiweyo kunye nezinto eziphunyeziweyo, ngoku sijongene nengxaki ekhoyo: umhlaba usemngciphekweni wokuwohloka kwendalo, ulwazi olungelulo luyaphuphuma kwaye sijonge phambili kwixesha le-AI. Ngayo yonke indlela eya phambili, ngoba? zizinto ezizitshabalalisayo?
Ukutsalela kuthotho lwemizekelo yembali, ukusukela kwiXesha laMatye, ngeBhayibhile, ukuya kutsho ekuzingelweni kwamagqwirha anamhlanje, ukuya kutsho kwiStalinism kunye neNazism, ukuya ekuvukeni kwepopulism namhlanje, iHarari isinika isikhokelo esityhilayo sokuphanda ubudlelwane obuntsonkothileyo obukhoyo. phakathi kolwazi kunye nenyaniso, i-bureaucracy kunye neentsomi, kunye nobulumko namandla.
Iphonononga indlela imibutho eyahlukeneyo kunye neenkqubo zezopolitiko ezilusebenzise ngayo ulwazi ukuze zifezekise iinjongo zazo kunye nokunyanzelisa ucwangco, olungcono okanye olubi. Kwaye iphakamisa ukhetho olungxamisekileyo esijongene nalo namhlanje, xa ubukrelekrele obungengobantu busongela ubukho bethu.
Ulwazi asingomgaqo osebenzayo wenyaniso; okanye isixhobo esilula. I-Nexus iphonononga ithemba eliphakathi phakathi kwezi zinto zigqithileyo.
Ayinakumiswa: Idayari yendlela esoyisa ngayo umhlaba
Kweli nqanaba, indaleko isenokungabi yinto esinokuzingca ngayo. Kuye kwaboniswa ukuba izinto zethu aziyiyo into yexesha elide. Kwaye njengoko iplanethi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ilahlekelwa ngumbala, umbandela wobukrelekrele njengexabiso eliphezulu, uyayeka ukwenza ingqiqo. Kodwa kwakukho amaxesha apho yonke into yalatha kakuhle ngaphakathi komthetho wendalo ongahambi nesiqingatha sokulinganisa ngokukhetha kunye nokulawula ...
Ngaba ubusazi ukuba bonke abantu banamandla amakhulu? Ukusuka kwi-savannah yase-Afrika ukuya kwi-polar ice caps yaseGreenland, thina bantu silawula iplanethi enguMhlaba. Kodwa siye sawufikelela njani? Iingonyama zinamandla kunathi, amahlengesi adada bhetele, kwaye asinamaphiko!
Ngolu hambo lunomdla lwezigidi zeminyaka, uya kufumanisa ukuba yintoni na la mandla makhulu asenza ukuba singathinteki. Ngubani owathi imbali yoluntu iyakruqula? I-Dwarfs, iinyoka ezinkulu, uMoya weNgonyama Enkulu, umnwe wentombazana eyayiphila kwiminyaka eyi-50.000 eyadlulayo ... Fumana iimfihlelo zemvelaphi yoluntu kwaye uhlolisise kwi-epic kunye ne-adventure yangempela: yethu, yabantu bonke.
