Ngolo hlobo lokufana olunalo uncwadi kubabhali abathile, UManuel Chaves Nogales Usinika iibrushstrokes ezahlukahlukeneyo, iindlela ezingafaniyo eziqhubeka nomsebenzi kayise wobuntatheli okanye osele ethathe iinqwelomoya ezintsha kolo hambo okanye uncwadi lwebhayografi oluthi ngokuyinxenye luququzelele ukhanyiselo olubhekiselele kwintsomi okanye intelekelelo ubuncinci.
Ixesha ngalinye lihlala lifumana umbalisi ozinikele kunobangela wengxelo. Ithamsanqa kukuba oku kuqulunqwa phakathi kobuntatheli kunye nembali inokufumaneka kwintsomi ngokusebenzisa iinoveli eziyinyani (makhe sicaphule, kunjalo, UBenito Pérez Galdós) okanye ngolo hlobo lokuthetha wedwa okuyincwadi engobomi, enesiphelo sobomi njengoko kwakuqhubeka ngamaxesha onke ukuchuma okanye ubuncinane ukuphila phakathi kweemeko zentlalo nezokuziphatha ezichaphazelekayo.
Kuyo yonke le nto, uChaves Nogales namhlanje usaqhubeka nokuba sisalathiso esiqwalaselwe kakhulu sokuvavanya iinyani kolu kukhanya kutsha nokuyimfuneko ye-intrahistorical kwimbono yayo ebukhali kunye nepheleleyo.
Iincwadi ezi-3 eziphezulu ezicetyiswayo nguManuel Chaves Nogales
Egazini nasemliloni: Amaqhawe, amarhamncwa kunye nabafel 'ukholo baseSpain
Akunjalo ukubhala iinoveli malunga nemfazwe yamakhaya kule mihla kunokuphinda kuzilwe ngokusuka kumava angqalileyo. Yaye asikuko ukuba umbhali wangoku akanako ukudlulisela iimvakalelo zaloo mihla, yingcinga yomfundi owaziyo ukuba oko kubaliswayo kuziswa ngokuthe ngqo ngaloo mihla njengebali elibi.
Amabali asithoba ayile ncwadi ajongwa ngabaninzi njengawona abhalwe eSpeyin ngemfazwe yethu yamakhaya. Eyilwe phakathi kowe-1936 nowe-1937 yaza yapapashwa eChile ngowe-1937, ibonisa iziganeko ezahlukahlukeneyo zemfazwe uChaves Nogales awayeyazi ngokuthe ngqo: “Isiqendu ngasinye salo sitsalwe ngokuthembekileyo kwisiganeko esiyinyani; ngalinye lamagorha alo linobukho bokwenyani kunye nobuntu bokwenyani ”, uya kuthi kwintshayelelo.
"I-liberal bourgeois encinci, ummi weriphabliki yedemokhrasi kunye nepalamente," uChaves wayengomnye wababhali ababalulekileyo baseSpain kunye neentatheli zesiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane yamashumi amabini. Njengomhleli wephephandaba Ngoku wahlala eMadrid ukususela ekuqaleni kwemfazwe de kwaba sekupheleni kuka-1936, xa urhulumente weRiphabhliki wafudukela eValencia waza wagqiba ekubeni aye elubhacweni.
Umanyano kunye novelwano kwabo babandezeleka ngokwaso ngenxa yokoyikeka kwemfazwe kuvumela uChaves ukuba ajonge iziganeko zemfazwe ngolungelelwaniso olumangalisayo kunye nokuqonda. Kwigazi nasemlilweni Ngokungathandabuzekiyo lelinye lawona mabali obomi akrelekrele nazeleyo kuwo onke abhaliweyo malunga neli xesha; iklasi yokwenyani yoncwadi lweSpanish.
UJuan Belmonte, umlweli wenkomo
Ukulwa nenkunzi yenkomo ewe okanye ukulwa nenkunzi. Into engathandabuzekiyo kukuba ihlabathi leenkunzi zenkomo lenza indawo ekhethekileyo kwimbali yaseSpain. Ubugcisa kwabanye, into eyoyikisayo kwabanye. Ngokungathandabuzekiyo umsebenzi otyetyisiweyo ngolwimi lwayo, kunye nengoma eqondwa ziimbongi nababhali abaninzi. Kwaye ngaphezu kwabo bonke abalinganiswa kunye neziganeko apho sibalisa kwaye siqonde uninzi lwe-idiosyncrasy yaseSpain yezolo.
Ekupheleni kuka-1935, u-Manuel Chaves Nogales (1897-1944) wanika ifom ye-autobiographical eqaqambileyo kunye nehlala ixesha elide kwi-"Juan Belmonte, matador de toros", kwiinkumbulo zikaTrianero oqaqambileyo owaguqula ubugcisa obuqhelekileyo bokulwa nenkomo kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini ngaphambili. Wazalwa ngo-1892, ubuntwana bomlweli wenkunzi buphawulwa yimozulu yeendawo ezidumileyo zaseSeville, kunye nobutsha bakhe, ngamabhongo odumo kunye nenjongo yokulinganisa amandla kaFrascuelo no-Esparto.
Imfihlelo yokulwa kwakhe nenkunzi yenkomo inokulandwa kwiminyaka yakhe enzima yokufunda, kuhlaselo lwakhe lwasebusuku kunye nokufihlakala kwakhe ezintanjeni nasemadlelweni. Ukusukela ngo-1913 -umhla wenye indlela yakhe- de kwangowe-1920-xa uJoselito esifa kwintlambo yaseTalavera-ibhayoloji yakhe ihlala intywiliselwe kolona khuphiswano lunomdla kwimbali yokulwa neenkomo: yonke iSpain inokuba yigallista okanye ibelmontista. Wathatha umhlala-phantsi ngo-1936, uJuan Belmonte, ukufa kwakhe entlabathi kwakuprofetwe ngazo zonke iingcali, wafa eneminyaka engama-70, eyinkosi yekamva lakhe.
UMfundisi uJuan Martínez owayelapho
UChaves Nogales wayenalo iliso lezonyango kwiibhayografi ezikwaziyo ukuba ziingxelo phakathi kwe-epic kunye ne-existentialist. Eli bali lolona guqulelo lwakhe luphawulekayo ukusuka kwibhayografi ukuya kwihlabathi liphela.
Emva kokuphumelela kwi-cabarets yesiqingatha seYurophu, umdanisi weflamenco uJuan Martínez, kunye neqabane lakhe, uSole, bamangaliswa eRashiya ngeziganeko zenguqu kaFebruwari 1917. Ngaphandle kokukwazi ukulishiya ilizwe, eSaint Petersburg, eMoscow naseKiev. yeva ubunzima obabangelwa yiNguqu kaOktobha nemfazwe yamakhaya eyaphalala igazi eyalandelayo.
Intatheli enkulu yaseSevillian uManuel Chaves Nogales wadibana noMartínez eParis kwaye, emangaliswe ziziganeko awamxelela zona, wagqiba ekubeni aziqokelele encwadini. Inkosi uJuan Martinez eyayilapho igcina ubunzulu, ubutyebi kunye nobuntu ukuba ibali elithabatheke kangaka uChaves kufuneka libe nalo.
Eneneni, yinoveli ebalisa ngeenguqu ekuye zenzeke kuzo abalinganiswa bayo kunye nendlela abaye basinda ngayo. Amagcisa adumileyo, iindwalutho zaseRashiya, iintlola zaseJamani, abahloli ababulalayo kunye nabaqikeleli beentlobo ngeentlobo benza umngcelele kumaphepha ayo.
Isizukulwana seqabane likaCamba, uRuano okanye uPla, uChaves wayengowoluhlu lweentatheli ezithe, ngeminyaka yoo-30, zahamba kakhulu kumazwe aphesheya, zibonelela ngamanye awona maphepha abalaseleyo obuntatheli baseSpain ngalo lonke ixesha.
