Ubuchule besifundo bungenza umbhali olungileyo ahluke. Kwaye kunjalo UDon Juan Eslava Galán, umbhali onobunkunkqele, odumileyo nesibali, xa edlala, ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo kwimbali. Ukuba ukongeza ekubeni ngumbhali, sisazi ngezigaba zobugqirha kwaye ugqirha kwezembali ugqibela ngokuhombisa ikharityhulam ethe yahluka kakhulu kwiinoveli nakwizincoko ezizimeleyo kuloo njongo yokusondela kwimbali kwaye, okona kubaluleke ngakumbi ngokoluvo lwam, I-intrahistories ezenza ubunyani bezentlalo bomzuzu ngamnye.
AmaXesha Aphakathi ngesiqhelo lixesha apho umbhali akhula khona. Uninzi lwezindululo zakhe zobuxoki zibuyela esiphelweni sexesha elimnyama njengoko kufanelekile kwimpucuko yethu.
Kukhulu mfihlelo ukutyhila okanye useto olumnandi oludlula phakathi kwezibakala ezinokuthenjwa, indlela enomdla yokufunda malunga nexesha elidlulileyo kwaye uyonwabele loo ndawo idityanisiweyo phakathi kwento eyayihamba kunye neencasa ...
Iinoveli ezi-3 eziphezulu nguJuan Eslava Galán
Ukukhangela i-unicorn
Emuva ngo-1987, umbhali wayesele ekhulile ngokupheleleyo, kodwa engaziwa kuluntu jikelele, waziwa ngale mpumelelo yenoveli yebhaso lePlaneta.
Kum isisiqhulo, into ehlekisayo ngesitshixo esimnandi malunga neelebheli ezihonjiswe ngabalinganiswa bexesha elidlulileyo, ngakumbi ookumkani okanye izidwangube. Unikwe umgangatho osesikweni ongenakulinganiswa, uJuan udibanisa kule noveli ulwimi lwalo mzuzu, njengesimo esibalulekileyo, kunye nesigama esisexesheni, ukuze ibali lilandelwe ngokugqibeleleyo. Uburharha, iihambo kunye nemvelaphi esisiseko kulwazi lwexesha elidlulileyo.
Isishwankathelo: Inoveli, ebekwe ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, ibalisa ibali lomntu oyintsomi othunyelwe eyokukhangela uphondo lwe-unicorn, ekufanele ukuba yonyuse ubungangamsha bukaKumkani uHenry IV waseCastile, obizwa ngokuba nguNgenamandla.
Kwisiqwenga somculo, abanezakhono eziphezulu kwaye bonwabisa kakhulu, ngaphakathi kokuthembeka okuqinisekileyo kwimeko yezembali, ezona zinto zinomdla kakhulu nezingalindelekanga zenzeka, zihlala zinemvelaphi yeemvakalelo kunye nemibongo enika amandla kunye nomtsalane webali.
Umbhali uphumelele isitayile esilungeleleneyo phakathi kokubalula kokubalula kunye nokukhawuleza kunye nencasa ye-archaic efunekayo kwisifundo. Ngamafutshane, inoveli emnandi ye-adventure apho kumnandi khona, ukuhlekisa kunye nokudlala ngokudibeneyo.
señorita
Kumasango eMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi, kunye neMfazwe yamakhaya yaseSpain eqhubeka kuloo mbumbulu ingapheliyo, umbhali usinika iqhinga lobugqwetha malunga nokuba ungquzulwano lwaseSpain lungathetha ntoni kuqhambuko lwaseYurophu olusondeleyo. Ezona ndawo zibalulekileyo ziphela zihamba nenoveli ye-espionage, kunye nobunzima bayo bendalo, kwibali lothando ...
Isishwankathelo: Kwilizwe eliyingozi lobuntlola, bonke abalinganiswa abaphambili bangabameli bobuxoki. Ngexesha leminyaka engaphambi kweMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi, ibhinqa eliselula laseAndalusiya, intshisakalo yasePrussia, umlimi waseRussia kunye nesihlangu seSevillian babengezela iminqweno yabo yokuziphindezela, amabhongo okanye ubuqhawe.
Kwinto eyothusayo yemfazwe yamakhaya yaseSpain, kuphela ngumkhosi ofihliweyo oya kuba nakho ukuthintela iyelenqe lokukhohlisa: uthando. Imfazwe yamakhaya yaseSpain yavumela amanye amazwe ukuba azame izicwangciso zawo zoloyiso kwaye avavanye ukusebenza kwezixhobo zawo zomkhosi. Ingcinezelo yaseAustro-Jamani uAdolf Hitler, owayesele equlunqe iqhinga lakhe lokuthimba i-Yuropu, wathumela eSpain esona sixhobo sakhe sasisesona siyimfihlo: iStuka, inqwelomoya yokuntywila ngebhombu.
Inkonzo eyimfihlo yaseSoviet, inomdla kumandla abulalayo kwezixhobo ezidumileyo, iyalela intombazana yaseSpain ukuba ilukuhle uKapteni Rudolf von Balke, intloko yezomsebenzi kunye nelungu le-Prussian aristocracy.
Kwangelo xesha, wathumela eSpain umqhubi wenqwelomoya u-Yuri Antonov, umhlobo wakudala ka-Von Balke, owayeya kufumana inkxaso yomyalelo ocacileyo wamajoni aseSpain. Kwiminyaka kamva, eqiniswe yimingcipheko yokulwa, uCarmen, ibhinqa eliselula elinesibindi laseSpeyin, ukhangela phakathi kwamabhodlo ase-Berlin nasemva kwemfazwe ukuze afumane umkhondo wendoda eyayithanda, ngaphandle kwayo yonke into.
Emva koko kuqala isiphumo esingalindelekanga kunye nesibangel 'umdla sebali elimangalisayo, eliyimfihlakalo yalo eya kusenza sithathe inxaxheba kwiimvakalelo kunye nokungalali kwabalinganiswa babo.
Ukubulala ngokungummangaliso endlwini yaseCervantes
I-Golden Age yaseSpain nayo yayinesabelo sayo se-tinsel. Kwaye kusenokwenzeka ukuba eSpain yagcwala ngoosomathuba, isazinikele ngokuzimisela kuzuko lwayo oludliweyo lwaza lwalawulwa ngokuhambelana nokuziphatha okungqongqo kwicawa kunye nabaphathi emsebenzini, sinokufumana ukubonakaliswa okucacileyo kwento esaphelela ekubeni yiyo. Intsomi kunye noCervantes njengomlingisi weenkwenkwezi phantse sele sisibonelelo soncwadi asinike ingxelo entle ngaso Kutshanje u-vlvaro Espinosa.
Isishwankathelo: UMiguel de Cervantes kunye noodadewabo, abaziwa njengoCervantas, bavalelwe ngenxa yokubandakanyeka kwabo ekubulaweni kukaGaspar de Ezpeleta, owafunyanwa eswelekile ngaphandle kwendlu yombhali ICixixote.
IDuchess yaseArjona, oyithandayo kakhulu iCervantes, ifuna iinkonzo zobucuphi zikaDorotea de Osuna omncinci ukukhusela umhlobo wakhe amthandayo. Kungoko sibona iSpain seGolden Age, idlakazwe ziimfazwe kwaye nezitrato zayo zigcwele oohlohloka, iziqhwala nezigebenga. I-panorama apho siza kubona khona ukuba inani labasetyhini livukela njani kwindima yesibini ekufuneka liyiphile eluntwini.
Ezinye iincwadi zikaJuan Eslava Galán ...
Uloyiso lwaseMelika luxelelwe abantu abathandabuzayo
Kukho abo babuza kwaneli gama "lokuFumanisa" laseMelika, besithi akukho nto ifunyenweyo kuba sele kukho abo bahlala apho. Ngokomgaqo, kukuchasana kokungena kwi-semantic ebangela ukuba ibali elimnyama lihambe malunga nabo beza kwiLizwe elitsha bevela eYurophu yakudala. Into egqibeleleyo yayiya kuba, kwaba bafundi beMbali, ukuba uMhlaba ubuyele kwimeko yawo yasekuqaleni njengePangea ukuze umanyano phakathi kwabantu kumacala omabini eAtlantic lubekhona ngokwendalo.
Kodwa iMbali ayihambelani neminqweno engekhoyo yabaninzi "beengcinga ezikhululekileyo" zangoku. Kwaye uloyiso yayikukusebenzisa ukuthanda ukuthanda ukuzonwabisa UJuan Eslava Galán ijongana nokuphinda uyile eyona nyani yayo ichanekileyo kwaye ichanekile, ngochukumiso lothando olukhawulezisa ukufundwa kwezibakala ezingathandabuzekiyo.
Ukuba isithsaba saseSpain sifuna ukwandisa ubukhosi baso akuthandabuzeki. Ukuba indlela yabo yokwenza ikoloniyali ifuna ukudityaniswa endaweni yolawulo, ukungeniswa, okanye ukutshabalalisa, kuyacaca kulondolozo lwabemi bomthonyama (umahluko ocacileyo kokoyiswa kweNtshona yeUnited States, ngaphandle kokuya phambili). Oko kuxhaphaza kuya kwenzeka ngokufanelekileyo ngaphakathi kwezikhokelo ezimiselweyo, akunakuphikwa. Uluvo olungeyonyani lokuphakama kwabo beze kwiLizwe eliMtsha luya kukhokelela kwiziganeko ezimnyama ezihambelana nemeko yomntu. Lo mba uhambelanayo ophikisana negunya lasebukhosini awunakukhatywa.
Inqaku yile, ukufumanisa kunye nokwanda kuqhubekile iminyaka emininzi. Kwaye abafumanisi abatsha bangena kwiindawo ezinqabileyo ukusuka kwisiqithi saseSan Salvador ukuya ekujuleni ngaphaya koLwandle lweCaribbean okanye kwiGulf of Mexico. Kulapho u-Eslava Galán azisa khona obu bomi obunika uthando, ukusuka kwiincoko ezimnandi kunye nongenelelo oluhlala luhamba ngenkani ngokuhambelana neziganeko zokwenyani.
IziKronike ze-Indies, kwi-heterogeneity yazo enkulu, zibonelela ngenkxaso yale ncwadi, phakathi kotshintsho lweerejista eziphikisanayo kunye nezikhewu eziqikelelweyo, iindawo ezingenanto ezimema ukuqwalaselwa kwaye, kutheni kungenjalo, ukukhula kunye nokunxibelelana kwabona bantu baphambili nabanye iqulunqwe ngumbhali ukugqibezela into eyayiyiyo kwaye ilunge ngokugqibeleleyo kwinyani yangoku yaseMelika eyake yoyiswa kwaye namhlanje enabemi abatyebileyo kwikhampasi egqibeleleyo phakathi kwe-autochthonous kunye ne-miscegenation.
Ukulingwa kweCaudillo
Ukuguqula phakathi kweenoveli ezinkulu zembali kunye nemisebenzi yokufundisa, UJuan Eslava Galán uhlala uvusa umdla omkhulu phakathi kwabafundi, umdla wombhali uqinisiwe kwibhayibhile njengoko ibanzi njengokuqaqamba.
Ngesi sihlandlo, u-Eslava Galán usisondeza kumfanekiso owaziwayo. Oozwilakhe ababini behamba ngamaqonga aseHendaye besiya kwintlanganiso eya kuthi ekugqibeleni ivelise iziqhamo kwizivumelwano ezikhohlakeleyo. Kodwa loo nto yayinokuthetha utshintsho olungaphaya kokuma kweSpain kwiMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi.
Ngee-analogies ezithile zomsebenzi Ifayile, NguMartínez de Pisón, u-Eslava Galán umda kwi-uchronic, enokuchazwa kwenye imbali ukuba izinto bezingenzekanga ngendlela ezenzeke ngayo ...
"Ikhaphethi ebomvu eyolulwe ecaleni kweqonga inde ngokwaneleyo, kodwa imxinwa kakhulu ukuba uHitler noFranco bahambe ngokudibana."
Ngu 1940. Ekrokrela ukunikezela kwangoko kwamanyeneyo, uFranco ulingeka ukuba angene kwiMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi kwicala le-axis yase-Berlin-Rome. Ukubona into enokuba yeyakho
ithuba, unikezela ngoncedo lwakhe kuMlawuli, ongathandabuziyo ukudelela umnikelo.
Kwiinyanga kamva, xa ukhuphiswano lujikela kwicala elahluke kakhulu, uHitler uqala ukubala izibonelelo zomanyano neSpain, kodwa ngelo xesha liphelile. Ayikwazi ukunika uFranco yonke into ayicelileyo, kufuneka acinge ukuba, ngelo xesha, uCaudillo uyathandabuza ukubandakanyeka kungquzulwano.
Intlanganiso yaseHendaye, esele igeleze kuyo imilambo ye-inki, iyaqhubeka nokusenza umdla ngenxa yazo zonke iimpembelelo ezinokuthi zibe neziphumo ezahlukeneyo. Ngobuchule bakhe obuqhelekileyo, kwaye kufutshane kunakuqala kwibali eliyinyani, uJuan Eslava Galán usenza amangqina esiqendu esinokuphawula imbali yaseSpain okanye, ubuncinci, sithathe ikhosi eyahlukileyo kakhulu.
