Ibali. Igama elingaphezu kwe-hackneyed okwangoku ukubuyisela elinye elichaneke ngakumbi kodwa kunye ne-demodé engaphezulu isebenzisa okufana noku: ingxoxo, ukuthethelela okanye ingcamango. Ingongoma kukuba konke oku, masithi imvelaphi yezinto, ibeka umngcipheko wokuphela engxoweni yamagama angenanto, ibhegi eyandayo egcwele ukuguqulwa, i-euphemisms kunye nezinye izinto ezinomdla zokusetyenziswa kolwimi kwi-Newspeak.
Kungenxa yoko le nto kuhlala kunomdla ukufumana umbhali "webali elifutshane»Ibanzi kwaye iyinyani, umqambi we-microcosm yabalinganiswa ukubonisa ilizwe ngokwahluka kwalo. Ukwahluka okufana nomlambo ongakhethi cala okanye ongenzi ngabom, kodwa nje onika ithuba kwiziganeko njengokuqukuqela okungapheliyo apho wonke umntu unokuthatha isiselo sakhe. Yintoni na UFernando Aramburu kukunika ilizwi abalinganiswa ababhadulayo phakathi kokwenyani kunye nentsomi, besifumana kwiziganeko zangoku okanye zembali; kwi-intrahistories okanye kwiingxelo ezihambelanayo ezibhekiselele kwezona nyani zingacingelwanga.
"I-Patria" ngumzekelo omhle wokwakheka kwebali ngaphandle kwamalaphu ashushu. Amava adluliselwe kwintsomi, abalinganiswa kunye neemeko ezibonwa ngabo bonke phakathi kongquzulwano olusaqhuma kumalahle ayo. Kodwa Ibali lika-Aramburu lityebile kakhulu. Ukusuka kusiba lwakhe, imibongo, izincoko, amanqaku, amabali kunye neenoveli zazalwa kwaye zazalwa, umhlaba obanzi woncwadi olinywa ngamaxesha onyaka ukuya kwisivuno esikhulu. Ukugxila kwiprose yakhe, eyona nto ihlala indithatha kunoma yimuphi umbhali, ngoku ndiza kubonisa izinto endizithandayo ...
Iincwadana ezi-3 ezicetyiswayo nguFernando Aramburu
Ukujikeleza
Iiswifts zibhabha zingapheli kangangeenyanga. Abayeki konke konke kuba banako ukuhlangabezana nazo zonke iimfuno zakho ezibalulekileyo ekubhabheni rhoqo. Okungqina ngandlela thile ukuba yintoni imvakalelo yokugcwala kwenqwelomoya enokucinga ukuba yinto ephilayo.
IsiAramburu Mhlawumbi uthatha iswifti njengomfuziselo wobomi obungenakuphumla, bothando ngaphandle kwelizwe, ngombono wobukho kwindawo enelungelo kuloo ndawo apho yonke into inokubonwa ngendlela eyahlukileyo, ngaphandle kwento ethintela ukubonwa okupheleleyo koko sithwele nento eshiyekileyo.
Kwincwadi yenoveli enomdla njengoko inexesha elifanelekileyo, u-Aramburu uyeka umthengisi wakhe ohamba phambili u-Patria kwaye ushiya intambo ingaphenduli kancinci ukuze abo beze kuncwadi lwakhe bevela kwezentlalo baya kuhlala befumana indawo kuloo mfanekiso waseSpain imeko yokubilisa. Nangona ngeli xesha ibali lihamba ngakumbi ukusuka ngaphakathi nangaphandle, ukusuka ekulingiseni okupheleleyo kunye nomlinganiswa ophambili ukuya kuloo mandla omlingo wokubonisa ubunyani kumbono wenye.
UToni, utitshala wesikolo samabanga aphakamileyo onomsindo kwihlabathi, ugqiba kwelokuba abuphelise ubomi bakhe. Ngobunono kunye nokuzola, ukhethe umhla: kungaphelanga nonyaka. Kude kube ngoku busuku ngabunye uya kubhala, phantsi abelana nge-bitch yakhe Pepa kunye nethala lencwadi apho kuphalazwa khona, ingxelo yobuqu, inzima kwaye ayikholwa, kodwa hayi kancinci ithambile kwaye iyahlekisa.
Ngayo unethemba lokufumanisa izizathu zesigqibo sakhe esigqibeleleyo, ukuveza onke amasuntswana okugqibela obusondele kuye, ukuxelela ixesha lakhe elidlulileyo kunye nemicimbi emininzi yemihla ngemihla yezopolitiko zaseSpain. Baza kuvela, behluthwe ngesikali esinganyangekiyo, abazali bakhe, umzalwana ongakwaziyo ukumthwala, owayesakuba ngumfazi wakhe u-Amalia, angenako ukunqamla kuye, kunye nonyana wakhe uNikita onengxaki; kodwa kunye nomhlobo wakhe oyingozi uPatachula. Kwaye i-Águeda engalindelekanga. Kwaye ngokulandelelana kothando kunye neziqendu zosapho zeli qela labantu, uToni, indoda edidekileyo ezimisele ukubalisa ngamanxuwa ayo, ngokungathandabuzekiyo uphefumla isifundo sobomi esingalibalekiyo.
Iintlanzi ezikrakra
Ininzi kwelo bali, akukho nto ingcono kune-anthology yamabali yokuqamba ubume benyani enzima njengesiqwengana sembali yehlabathi ekuye kwafuneka siphile. Imiboniso emincinci yobomi obungaziwayo, ebonakalayo ekubukekeni okufumanekayo esitratweni ...
Isishwankathelo: Utata ubambelela kwiindlela zakhe zokuzonwabisa kunye nezinto azithandayo, njengokukhathalela iintlanzi, ukumelana nokudakumba kwentombazana egulayo, esibhedlele; Isibini esitshatileyo siphela sikruqukile kukuhlukunyezwa ngabanenzondelelo yempambano ngokuchasene nommelwane kwaye bamlinde ukuba athathe isigqibo sokuhamba; indoda yenza konke okusemandleni ukuphepha ukwalathiswa, kwaye ihlala yoyikiso kuba wonke umntu umfulathele; Umfazi uthatha isigqibo sokuhamba nabantwana bakhe engaqondi ukuba kutheni bemhlukumeza.
Njengemihla okanye iingxelo, ubungqina bomntu wokuqala, iileta okanye amabali axelelwe abantwana babo, Intlanzi yokuBukrakra iqokelela iziqwenga zobomi apho, ngaphandle komdlalo obonakalayo, kubonakala kuphela iimvakalelo-kunye nomrhumo okanye isikhalazo-ngokungathanga ngqo okanye ngokungalindelekanga, ukuba ukutsho ngeyona ndlela isebenzayo.
Kunzima ukuqala ukufunda amabali ngokuthozama, ngokukhohlisa ngokulula Iintlanzi ezikrakra, kwaye ungaziva ushukunyiswa, ushukunyisiwe-ngamanye amaxesha ucaphuka -yinyani enziwe ngayo, isifundo esibuhlungu kakhulu kumaxhoba amaninzi olwaphulo-mthetho ngokusekwe kwizizathu zopolitiko, kodwa kuphela ngumbalisi obalaseleyo njengoAramburu okwaziyo ukuxela inyani kunye nendlela ethembekileyo.
Ukwahluka kunye nokuqala kwababalisi kunye neendlela, ubutyebi babalinganiswa kunye namava abo ahlukeneyo bayakwazi ukuqamba, njengenoveli yekwayala, umfanekiso ongacimekiyo weminyaka yokukhokela kunye negazi ekhe yahlala e-Euskadi.
patria
Into yokuhlela 2017. Umthengisi oqinisekileyo ngokugqibeleleyo kule Spain 2017 izama ukujika iphepha lokugqibela lencwadi yeminyaka enzima ye-ETA. Ukukhanya okuqaqambileyo kweengcinga, zoluvo. Kwilizwe elimnyama, ukufumana ukukhanya okungaboniyo kunokuba yingozi kakhulu.
Isishwankathelo: Esi senzo sithatha phantse amashumi amathathu eminyaka, ukusukela kwiminyaka yoo-2011 ukuya kwiinyanga ezininzi emva kokubhengezwa kokupheliswa kobundlobongela yi-ETA ngo-Okthobha ka-XNUMX.
Usapho lokuqala luyachuma kwezoqoqosho ngenxa yamandla oosomashishini botata, oqhuba inkampani yezothutho ngaphandle kwedolophu. Ubomi bakhe kunye nezihlobo zakhe zitshintsha ngesiquphe njengoko elixhoba le-ETA.
Emva kwexesha uya kubulawa, kwaye le nto iya kuchaphazela ngalinye lala malungu omabini osapho ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Kusapho lwesibini, omnye wabantwana uza kujoyina i-ETA, athathe inxaxheba kuthotho lokuhlaselwa aze aphele ejele. Ngenxa yesiphelo esibuhlungu, uya kuphelela kumyalelo ojonge ukubulala ummelwane wakhe wakudala, utata wabahlobo bakhe.
Ezinye iincwadi ezinomdla zikaFernando Aramburu ...
abantwana basentsomini
UActa uyamangalisa. Ibinzana elithi, ngezona ntsuku zininzi zocalucalulo lwamaCatalan, abemi abatsha baseTabarnia bazenzela ezabo iinkolelo zobuzwe. Asikuko ukuba izithonga zihamba ngolo hlobo kule meko. Kodwa inyani yokubiza abalinganiswa njengabantwana bentsomi sele ikhomba umnqweno wokubhenca ubuqhetseba bokuzinikela kwesizwe ekukhululeni uThixo uyazi ukuba leliphi ilizwe. Ngeli xesha i-ETA ibonakala ngathi iyachithwa, la malungu okugqibela akhaliphileyo ecala lenkululeko yesizwe ngokuchasene nokungento aqala uhambo lokubhideka. https://amzn.to/3Hncii8
Abafana ababini abanomdla, u-Asier noJoseba, bahamba ngo-2011 ukuya kumazantsi eFransi ngenjongo yokujoyina iqela labanqolobi i-ETA. Balinda imiyalelo kwifama yeenkuku, bamkelwa sisibini saseFransi esingavani naso. Apho bafumanisa ukuba iqela livakalise ukulahlwa komzabalazo wezixhobo.
Emva kokudideka kwabo, abafuni ukuyeka iminqweno yabo ye-epic, kwaye ke umntu uya kuthatha indima yomphathi kunye neengcamango eziqeqeshekileyo, kunye nomnye ophantsi okhululekile. Kodwa umahluko phakathi komnqweno weefeti kunye neyona nto ingenangqondo, phantsi kwemvula eqhubekayo, iyanda kakhulu. Kwiingxoxo zabo, u-Asier no-Joseba banento ye-Quixote kunye ne-Sancho, kodwa ngaphezu kwayo yonke i-Gordo kunye ne-El Flaco. Bade badibane nebhinqa eliselula elicebisa icebo.
Iminyaka ecothayo
Iminyaka yoo-60. Abakumgangatho ophakathi welizwe laseBasque babesephantsi kwedyokhwe yobuzwilakhe (oko kukuthi, abakumgangatho ophakathi omncinci kunye nokubonakala okulusizi ngakumbi, njengalo lonke elaseSpain) njengendawo efanelekileyo yokuzalela kuzo zonke iintlobo zokhangelo lwesazisi.
Umahluko kwilizwe elihambele phambili kwinkululeko engakumbi nasebukhosini njengozwilakhe njengomnqweno ongalawulekiyo wenkululeko nakweyiphi na intengo nakweyiphi na imeko efanelekileyo.
Isishwankathelo: Ekupheleni kweminyaka yamashumi amathandathu, umlinganiswa ophambili, inkwenkwana eneminyaka esibhozo ubudala, waya eSan Sebastián ukuya kuhlala noomalume bakhe. Apho unika ubungqina bokuba iintsuku zihamba njani kusapho nakubumelwane: umalume wakhe uVicente, onesimilo esibuthathaka, wahlula ubomi bakhe phakathi komzi mveliso kunye nendawo yentselo, kwaye ngumakazi wakhe uMaripuy, umfazi onobuntu obomeleleyo kodwa ophantsi kwentlalo. Iindibano kunye nenkolo yexesha, elilawula usapho ngokwenyani; Umzala wakhe uMari Nieves uhlala ethanda amakhwenkwe, kwaye umzala wakhe othukutheleyo kunye no-Julen ufundiswe ngumfundisi weparishi ukuba abhalise kwi-ETA.
Isiphelo sabo bonke - esingabalinganiswa abambalwa abasembalini, esonweni phakathi kwesidingo kunye nokungazi- baya kusokola, kwiminyaka kamva, ikhefu. Ukutshintsha iinkumbulo zomntu ophambili kunye namanqaku ombhali, Iminyaka ecothayo ikwabonisa ngokuqaqambileyo indlela ubomi obuchithwe ngayo kwinoveli, indlela inkumbulo yemvakalelo egqithiselwa ngayo kwimemori edibeneyo, ngelixa ukubhala kwayo okungafaniyo kutyhila imvelaphi enelifu yokuziva unetyala Imbali yakutshanje yelizwe laseBasque.
