Iincwadi ezi-3 ezilungileyo nguVladimir Nabokov

Kuthekani UNabokov Sele ibhengeziwe njengothando oluhle kunye noncwadi olunikezwe lula ngolwimi. IsiNgesi, isiFrentshi kunye nesiRashiya ziilwimi awayenokuhamba ngazo ngokuthembekileyo okulinganayo. Ewe, ukusuka ekuzalweni kakuhle kulula ukufunda iilwimi ezahlukeneyo ... Kodwa yiza, abanye banolwimi lweenkobe ...

Umsebenzi kaNabokov obalisayo ikwangumbala owahlukileyo onokusuka kwelona cala liphikisayo nelinempikiswano ukuya kwezona zindululo zichanekileyo. Umthamo okanye phantse injongo yobugcisa boncwadi, apho kufunwa iimvakalelo ezinamandla, ifuthe lomfanekiso, uchulumanco lolwimi njengentambo ehambisayo eya kuhlobo lweempembelelo zoncwadi.

Kungenxa yoko le nto uNabokov engazange ashiye ukungakhathali. Nokuba kungaphantsi kokuqwalaselwa kwemveliso yakhe yoncwadi embindini wenkulungwane yamashumi amabini usabhaptizwa, ubukhulu becala, kwimigangatho yokuziphatha engenakushukunyiswa. Ubuncinci kwii-echelons eziphezulu ezazifuna ukusika zonke iipateni zentlalo.

Kwindlela yakhe yokufundisa, uNabokov kufuneka ukuba wayengulo njingalwazi ungenantlonelo, njengaleyo ikwiMovie yeeklabhu zeembongi ezifileyo. Kwaye xa wayechaza indlela yakhe yokubona uncwadi kwiiklasi okanye kwiinkomfa, wagqibela ngokwakha waqulunqa iinoveli zakhe.

Ke uhambo phakathi kwamaphepha abhalwe nguNabokov kunokuba ngamava angaphezulu okanye angaphantsi. Kodwa ukungakhathali ngekhe kube yinto yokugqibela onokuyikhupha.

Iinoveli ezicetyiswayo nguVladimir Nabokov

lolita

Ukuthatha ubungqina eMarquis de Sade ngokwakhe, uNabokov wazisa le noveli eyayiza kuphazamisa kwaye imangalise wonke umntu. Ngaba ubugqwetha kunye nokucoceka kunokuhlala kubalinganiswa abafanayo? Umdlalo wokuchasana komntu yingxoxo egqibeleleyo kuye nawuphi na umbhali onobuganga bokuphakamisa ibali eligqithisileyo nakweyiphi na imeko.

UNabokov wanobuganga, wakhulula imaski yakhe, akathintelwa kwaye wanika inkululeko kwiimvakalelo kunye neemvakalelo kumxholo omkhulu wothando ... Mhlawumbi namhlanje le noveli inokufundwa ngokwendalo, kodwa ngo-1955 yayiyimpikiswano yokuziphatha.

Isishwankathelo: Ibali lokuthanda kukaHumbert Humbert, utitshala oneminyaka engamashumi amane ubudala, nguLolita oneminyaka elishumi elinambini yinoveli engaqhelekanga yothando apho izinto ezimbini eziqhumayo zingenelela: umtsalane "ogqwethekileyo" wee-nymphs kunye ne-incest.

Uhambo ngokuhlanya kunye nokufa, oluphela ngogonyamelo olunesitayile, lubalisiwe, bobabini ngokuzikhohlisa kunye nengoma engalawulwayo, nguHumbert Humbert ngokwakhe. ILolita ikwangumboniso weasidi kunye nombono waseMelika, izinto ezoyikisayo zedolophu, kunye nenkcubeko yeplastiki kunye neyemotel.

Ngamafutshane, umboniso omangalisayo weetalente kunye nokuhlekisa ngumbhali ovumileyo ukuba angathanda ukufota i-pic-nics Lewis Carroll.
Lolita nguNabokov

Umlilo omnyama

Ngesakhiwo esingenakuchazwa, le noveli isisondeza kwinkqubo yokuyilwa koncwadi, ngakumbi ngobuhle kunakwisiqwenga somsebenzi, ngakumbi kwisakhono sokufumana imifanekiso kunakwisisombululo seqhina elibalisayo. Inoveli ehlekisayo kunye nehlekisayo, isimemo kumandla okudala esinokubonisa sonke, ukuba sizibeka kuwo.

Isishwankathelo: Umlilo omnyama iboniswa njengoshicilelo olusemva kokufa kombongo omde obhalwe nguJohn Shade, uzuko lweeleta zaseMelika, kungekudala ngaphambi kokuba abulawe. Ewe inoveli inombongo okhankanywe apha ngasentla, kunye nesandulela, inqaku elinamandla kakhulu kunye nesalathiso somhleli, uNjingalwazi Charles Kinbote. Ngokukhawuleza, uKinbote ulandelela umzobo ohlekisayo, apho agqibela ngokuzinikela njengomntu onganyamezeliyo onekratshi, ome njengeyodwa kwaye egqwethekileyo, umntu oyinyani kwaye enobungozi.

Ngale ngqiqo, kunokuthiwa iPale Fire ikwayincwadi yenkohliso, apho umfundi amenywa ukuba athathe inxaxheba kumcuphi.

Umlilo omnyama

I-Pnin

Unjingalwazi uPnin mhlawumbi ngumbono wokoyiswa kunye nokudinwa komntu owenza ngabom, wendoda eqalwe kubugcisa obubekekileyo bokufundisa, de iphele igqitywe yi-nihilism kunye ne-inertia elusizi engenanto yakwenza. ubunzima benyani, belo hlabathi elingasajikeleziyo phantsi kweenyawo zikaPnin, liyamkhathaza ngokuzimisela ukuzibonakalisa engenakufikeleleka kuye.

Ezona ntshaba zikrakra ze-Pnin engenakusebenziseka nengonwabisiyo zizinto ezingaqhelekanga zangoku: iimoto, izixhobo zombane kunye nabanye oomatshini, ubuncinci kuye, abenzi ukuba ubomi bube lula kuye. Kwaye kunye nezinto ezincinci kunye nokuzimela koogxa bakhe, iqela lootitshala abancinci abanamabhongo ababeka umonde wakhe ongapheliyo kuvavanyo. Okanye oochwephesha bezengqondo apho lowo wayengumfazi wakhe ahambayo, umfazi ongazange amthande kodwa ahlala naye engenakuphikiswa kwaye ethanda uthando.

Ke, ekugqibeleni, u-Pnin ogculelwayo uvela njengomntu ophantse abe ligorha, umntu ophucukileyo ophakathi kwempucuko yemizi-mveliso, ekuphela kwakhe ogcina intsalela yesidima somntu.

Apha uNabokov ugcizelela umhlaba ukuba yena, njengomfuduki, kwafuneka ukuba ahlupheke, kwaye kunqabile ukuba abonwe ekhululekile, onwabile kwisenzo sokubhala, ekwazi ukuhambisa ulonwabo kangangokuba, ngaphandle kokuzisola, kwamnika okulula inyani yokuba uyaphila.
Pnin, uNabokov

Ezinye iincwadi ezinomdla zikaNabokov…

Umenyiwe ekunqunyulweni intloko

Ubuyatha bobomi, obufunyenwe ngakumbi kuloo mizuzu xa ikhethini sele iza kuwa. UCincinnatus, indoda egwetyiweyo, ejongene nenyani yobomi abakheleyo, abalinganiswa ababehamba naye bayasondela kuye ngalo mizuzu yokugqibela. Le noveli indikhumbuza umboniso weTruman, kuphela ngombono oguqukileyo. Kule meko, nguCincinnatus kuphela otyhila ubuxoki behlabathi, ngelixa abo bamngqongileyo beqhubeka nokudlala indima yabo ...

Isishwankathelo: UCincinnatus C. libanjwa eliselula eligwetyelwe ukufa ngenxa yolwaphulo-mthetho olungathethekiyo nolungaziwayo apho aza kunqunyulwa intloko. Ngaphakathi kwisisele sakhe esincinci, uCincinnatus ulinde umzuzu wokubulawa kwakhe ngokungathi sisiphelo sobubi obubi.

Ukundwendwela rhoqo umgcini wakhe, umlawuli wentolongo, intombi yakhe, ummelwane wakhe esiseleni, ibhinqa eliselula laseCincinnatus kunye nosapho olungenangqondo lonyusa kuphela imvakalelo yomntu ophambili ekukhathazekeni nasekungancedini, ababona ukuba liphela kanjani ixesha lakhe, ixesha lomdlalo weqonga kunye nabalinganiswa ababonakala bethobela izikhokelo ezibekwe ngumoya okhohlakeleyo kunye nokudlalayo uyaphela.Uluvo lokungabinangqondo, umdlalo kunye nokungenangqondo kwehlabathi kuzuza ubukhulu obukhulu kwiNdwendwe ukuya kwintloko, inoveli ebuhlungu , yabhalwa ngo-1935.

Umenyiwe ekunqunyulweni kwentloko

ukumkani, inenekazi, valet

"Esi silwanyana sinomlilo sesona sonwabileyo kwiinoveli zam," watsho uNabokov "Kumkani, nenekazi, iValet," intlekisa apho umfana ongaboniyo, wephondo, okrelekrele nongenarharha wangena kwiparadesi ebandayo yesibini esitshatileyo. yabaseBerlin abasandul' ukuba zizityebi.

Umfazi uhenda umntu omtsha aze amenze isithandwa sakhe. Kungekudala emva koko, wamcenga ukuba azame ukuphelisa umyeni wakhe. Le yindlela ebonakala ilula yeyona ndlela yakudala, mhlawumbi, yeenoveli ezibhalwe nguNabokov. Kodwa, emva kolu hlobo lucacileyo lwe-orthodoxy, ukuntsonkotha kobugcisa okuphawulekayo kufihliwe, kwaye, ngaphezu kwakho konke, unyango olulodwa olulawulwa yithoni ye-farce.

Ekuqaleni yapapashwa eBerlin ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-XNUMX kwaye yalungiswa ngokubanzi nguNabokov ngexesha lokuguqulelwa kwayo IsiNgesi ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-XNUMX, "uKumkani, uLady, uValet" ubonisa impembelelo enamandla yentetho yesiJamani, ngakumbi ifilimu, kwaye iqulethe inkunkuma yokwenene emnyama. uburharha. U-Nabokov ubetha abalinganiswa bakhe, abajike babe zii-automatons, ebahleka ngokuvakalayo, ebaphatha ngemivumbo engqingqwa engabathinteli, nangona kunjalo, ukuba bangabinayo into enokwenzeka ebonelela ngoncedo oluzinzileyo kuyo yonke inoveli.

Iliso

Ibali elingaqhelekanga elibekwe kwindawo eqhelekileyo yeenoveli zokuqala zikaNabokov, indalo evaliweyo yokufuduka kweRussia kwiJamani yangaphambi kukaHitler. Phakathi kolu lutsha olukhanyisiweyo kunye nabangaphandle, i-Smurov, i-protagonist yebali kunye nokuzibulala okukhungathekileyo, ngamanye amaxesha i-spy ye-Bolshevik kunye namanye amaxesha iqhawe lemfazwe yombutho; ngelishwa kuthando ngenye imini kunye gay elandelayo.

Ke, kwisiseko senoveli eyimfihlakalo (apho kuvela khona imiboniso emibini engalibalekiyo, ebalaseleyo iNabokovian: leyo yomthengisi weencwadi uWeinstock ebiza imimoya kaMohammed, uKesare, uPushkin noLenin, kunye nengxelo kaSmurov eyoyikisayo nekrokrelayo yokubaleka kwakhe eRussia), uNabokov. yenza ibali eliya phambili ngakumbi, kuba i-nigma eza kutyhilwa yileyo yesazisi esikwaziyo ukutshintsha umbala ngokuphindaphinda okufanayo nololovane. I-orgy yokudideka, umdaniso wezazisi, umbhiyozo wokuqhwanyaza, "Iliso" yinoveli emfutshane ephazamisayo neyonwabisayo kaNabokov.

5/5 - (6 iivoti)

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