Iincwadi ezi-3 eziphezulu zikaStendhal

Ukuzama ukubhala inoveli eyiyo yokwenyani kubandakanya inqanaba eliphezulu lokuxakeka, mhlawumbi nangaphezulu kwalo naluphi na olunye uhlobo lodidi olusebenzela ukugcina nokuzalisa ibali lonke. Ubunyani yincwadi ehamba ze kwaye Stendhal (igama elingelilo UMarie henri beyle okhe ekugqibeleni wamtya umbhali) ibingu uvulindlela wangoku owayethembele kumlingo wabalinganiswa.

Umlingo olungelelanisiweyo kwiingxoxo zabo, kwiingcaciso kunye neengcinga zabo zokubhala amabali anakho ukumangalisa ukusuka ekulula kokuvumelana kwemvakalelo. Uvelwano olugqwesileyo lwabalinganiswa abonakaliswe kwaye bacaciswa ngaphakathi nangaphandle, ngaphaya kwebali lokubalula, kwajika kwaba sisimo esilula, isizathu sokuthoba ubunzima kunebali lobomi, iingcinga kunye neemvakalelo zomntu ngamnye ophambili.

Kodwa eyona nto ilunge kakhulu, xa ubhala enkulu inoveli yokwenene Isitayile sikaStendhal inkqubela phambili yokubaliswa kwesona santya sihle, esibhalwe kukuvela komlinganiswa ebusweni beemeko zakhe kunye nendlela yakhe yokwenyani yokwenyani.

Emva kweStendhal, umbono wobunyani bomlingo uya kuveliswa njengenguqulelo apho into engaqhelekanga, yokucinga yadityaniswa, apho kwabandakanywa nokungaqhelekanga kwengcinga yomntu kunye nokuziphatha. Kwaye nangona kunjalo, loo nto ingaqhelekanga, loo nto iphikisanayo, yonke imbono ye-subjective kunye nayo yonke i-delirium yayihlala ifakwe kwizinto ezibhalwe nguStendhal.

Ekugqibeleni, kunokuthiwa ukufunda iStendhal kwiintsuku zethu kufumana uncedo ngakumbi kulimo lokucinga okuqinisekileyo, ukonwabela into oyicingayo ngawe, endaweni yokucinga ngayo. Ukuba, ukongeza, imvelaphi yesiqwenga sithathiwe apho ukugxekwa kwezentlalo kunye nebali lobudala obuhlukayo njengokubuyiselwa kwesiFrentshi, akukho mathandabuzo okuba ukufunda kuya kuba lolo lonwabo loncwadi.

Iincwadi ezi-3 eziPhakanyisiweyo zikaStendhal

Olubomvu nomnyama

Amasiko amisela amasiko, kodwa abantu bahlala behamba phakathi kwala masiko ngomnqweno wokuwaqhekeza ngokuyinxenye, ukuzinyanzela kwizinto eziqhelekileyo, ngakumbi xa kunokwenzeka kwimeko yabo babekade behlelelekile ngaphambili.

Umlinganiswa ophambili kule noveli nguJulián Sorel, ongomnye wabalinganiswa abaqaqambileyo kuncwadi lwehlabathi, umntu oqhelekileyo othanda ukufunda xa ekwazi kwaye onqwenela ukufikelela kuluntu olunobulungisa, ngalo mzuzu xa uKubuyiselwa kubetha nakweyiphi na enye indlela yokucinga.

Ithuba lokuba aqalise ukuyila indlela yakhe, kude nemvakalelo yokulahlwa awayivusayo phakathi kwezinye iindidi zentlalontle, lifika xa uMonsieur de Rènal efumanisa iimpawu zakhe zobuntu kwaye amthembise ukuba asebenze ekhaya, kunye nabantwana.

Kwintsebenzo yakhe, uJulián Sorel unxibelelana nabantu abahluke mpela kuluntu lwantlandlolo, kwaye uqinisekile ukuba angaphila, kwaye onwabele amaxesha obutsha aqaqambileyo amkhokelela kuthando, kubomi obuntofontofo ... kodwa yonke into Ubumnyama ngequbuliso, ukufa ngobundlongondlongo kuyinyani yokwaphula amaphupha akho.

Ityala lokwenyani elisezandleni zikaStendhal likhonza ekuphuhliseni isigwebo esifanayo kwimeko, kumlinganiswa ofumana ngesiquphe indima engalindelekanga.

ICharterhouse yeParma

UFabricio del Dongo, ophambili kule noveli, ucebisa ngobomi bakhe kwikamva eliqaqambileyo. Yonke into eyenzekayo ekugqibeleni idlula kumdlalo weqonga wobomi obunikwa ngamanye amaxesha kwintlekele okanye umdlalo ohlekisayo.

Ngokuqinisekileyo yeyona noveli inkulu kakhulu kaStendhal. Ngamaxesha athile kubonakala ngathi sifunda inoveli yokwenyani eneenjongo zembali, kodwa ngequbuliso sijikela kwezothando, ingxelo kunye nokugxekwa kwezentlalo kunye nokuzonwabisa okubalulekileyo ekufuneka uFabricio akwenze ukuze enze ubomi, ekugqibeleni, obonakala buba lilishwa.

Umbono ophantsi kothando oludluliselwa kuthi nguFabricio, kodwa ukuba siyabulela kubalinganiswa abanjengoGina okanye uCleni Conti, bagqibela ngokuhambisa inoveli ngeendlela ezinomdla ezijongana nemibono yothando olungalindelekanga, uthando olungenakwenzeka, ukuqaqanjelwa yintliziyo, nangona kunjalo kwaye yintoni ehambisa Umphefumlo womntu wakha wanikelwa kuthando okanye kwintiyo.

IziKronike zaseNtaliyane

UStendhal uyayithanda indlela yokuphila enengxolo kweyona ndawo ithandwayo e-Italiya, ngenxa yokuxakeka kunye nokuthanda, imidlalo yeqonga kunye nethoni yabantu abazinikele kubomi njengomkhosi weVenice ongunaphakade. Ezi zimbali zase-Italiya zibonisa ukuba uyathandwa kwaye unomdla kuyo yonke into yase-Itali.

Kumaxwebhu amadala awayesebenza njengesiseko sale ncwadi, uStendhal wenza olona hlobo lonakeleyo loluntu kula mabali ukusuka kwinkulungwane ye-XNUMX neye-XNUMX, phakathi kuHlaziyo.

Uthando kunye nokungcatsha okugqiba ukuhlawulwa ngegazi, imbeko njengento enhle enokuthi icelwe ngokukhawuleza endaweni, ngokuphila okanye ukufa.