Kwiincwadi zaseRussia sifumana uninzi lwababhali bendalo iphela. Phakathi EChekhov, UDostoevsky, owayephila ngexesha lakhe UTolstoy kunye neyakhe Gorki bakwazi ukubhala amabali kwaye Iinoveli ezifikelele kwinqanaba lemisebenzi ephezulu yebali lehlabathi. Bonke, ngandlela thile, baqulunqa wonke umsebenzi wabo ukuthelekelela okungaphaya kokuthelekiswa kwihlabathi eliphantsi kotshintsho lwezoqoqosho, amahla-ndinyuka ezopolitiko kunye nokuhlengahlengiswa kokuziphatha okanye inkolo.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuba amaxesha anzima ayehlala eRashiya phakathi kwenkulungwane ye-XNUMX neye-XNUMX, angayithanda into ebukhali, ebukhali, ebalisa ngokweemvakalelo, ezigabadeleyo kwiimpawu zoluntu, eziye zanda kumnqweno wokufuna ukunika ilizwi kwihlabathi elithuliswe Tsarism okokuqala kwaye ngohlaziyo kamva.
Kwimeko UMax Gorky, Kwinoveli yakhe uMama kwenzeka into efanayo ku-Dostoevsky ngolwaphulo-mthetho kunye nesihlwayo okanye uTolstoy ngemfazwe noxolo. Kwakumalunga nokubalisa ibali ngabalinganiswa abanokuhlanganisa iimvakalelo zabantu ababesohlwaywa ngokwembali kwaye imiphefumlo yabo yayihlala ngoloyiko, ukomelela kunye nethemba lenguquko ekugqibeleni eyayimbi kakhulu, kuba xa irhamncwa lifuna elinye irhamncwa ukuze liphele woyisiwe, amandla aphela ingumthetho ekuphela kwawo osuka kwimpixano.
Ambalwa kakhulu amava ombhalo abaluleke kakhulu kunalawo afundwayo aba babalisi baseRussia. Kwimeko ka-Gorky, ehlala enendawo yokuthethelelwa kwezopolitiko, ngaphandle kwento yokuba kwasekuqalekeni kwakhe ecaleni kukaLennin nokubuyela kwakhe kwicala likaStalin, ngokungathandabuzekiyo bekumele ukuvuka ayinakwenzeka inguquko kwiimbono zakhe awazithatha inxaxheba ngentumekelelo. Kukho abo bathi ngemihla yakhe yokugqibela wahlupheka enyameni yakhe ingcinezelo kaStalin awayengenandlela yimbi yokuziphatha ngaphandle kokujongana nayo ...
Iincwadana ezi-3 eziphezulu ezicetyiswayo nguMáximo Gorki
Umama
Njengoko sisazi, uluntu lwaseRashiya lwaluphantsi koxinzelelo olukhulu lwezopolitiko kuyo yonke inkulungwane ye-19 neye-20. Ilizwe elikhulu liye laba yindawo yokuzalela iMarxism echasene nobunewunewu kunye nokungathobeli kolawulo lwe-tsarist.
Ewe, abona bantu bahlupheke kakhulu kulo naluphi na ungquzulwano ngabantu. Ukusuka kuloo dolophu umfanekiso kamama weli bali uzelwe, mhlawumbi ungunina wabo bonke oomama, enesisindo esingaphezulu kukamama kaThixo uqobo. UPelagia uhlala esoyika, umphefumlo wakhe uthobela uloyiko lomyeni wakhe kunye nezopolitiko.
Kodwa xa umyeni wakhe eswelekile, uPelagia uvusa olo lwazi lokuba uloyiko luphawu olunokubethwa kuphela ukuba ucinga ukuba akukho nto inokuba mbi njengokufa ebomini.
Unyana wakhe uPavel uziva eyinkululeko yooyise kwaye uqala ukubonakalisa ngokuchasene nezinto ezininzi kunye nokuswela inkululeko. ISiberia iba yindawo yokugqibela apho umama nonyana bajongana khona nobukho phakathi kwentlungu yomzimba kunye nenkululeko yomlo wabo abangathandabuzekiyo oza kuhluma ube yinto ebhetele.
Abangenamakhaya
UGorky, njengomhlobo wakhe uChekhov, naye walilima eli bali ngenjongo yokwandisa umbono ngamabali ahlukeneyo ngokuchasene ngokungekho sikweni, iyantlukwano eklasini, indlala, uloyiko, ingqele kunye nokwehliswa kwesona sigaba soluntu.
Kwimeko kaGorki, uninzi lwezinto ezibhaliweyo zinento yokwenza namava athile endlala. Iintlelo ezahlukeneyo ziqokelela iisampulu ezininzi zalo msebenzi ubalisayo kufutshane.
Nangona i-compendium ingafikeleli kubukrelekrele beChekhov, ekwaziyo ukungcangcazela kwibali lakhe elifutshane, kuyinyani ukuba izisa ubunyani obungenasiseko apho busibonisa khona ngothando oluthi abo baphulukeneyo kufuneka baphumelele ...
IMallow
Uthando lujolise kwinto ebuhlungu kunye neqonga laseRussia ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-XNUMX. Ngokwenziwa kwehyperrealism yesiqhelo kukaGorki, ezimisele ukuchaza zonke iinkcukacha kunye nayo yonke imvakalelo yokuguqula imeko nganye ibe ngumzuzu opheleleyo kwingcinga yomfundi, uMalva, umfazi lowo utata notata bethandana naye, utyhila ibali ngokuhlaziyeka kwento Olona thando lulula nolungenaxabiso ngelixa ubuntu babathandi babo benziwe mnyama, ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba lokuba umbono wokuba kunokwenzeka patricide ubonakale kwisakhiwo njengekuphela kwesisombululo.
Kungenxa yokuba indoda eseluthandweni inokujamelana nayo yonke into ukuze ibe naloo mfazi. isithukuthezi kunye nesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo.
