Ngamanye amaxesha kuyoyikisa ukujonga indawo engaqondakaliyo yenoveli yangoku. Ngaphantsi kwesambulela sexesha langoku, zonke iintlobo zemixholo zinokukhuselwa ukuba mhlawumbi, ngokuhamba kwexesha, ziya kuququzelelwa kwiintlobo zazo ezifanelekileyo. Ngenxa yokuba ukwenza indalo esemthethweni kunye ne-avant-garde iphumelele kwifom ayikwazi ukuthatha indawo ephambili kuneyona nto ibalulekileyo, into.
Ke xa naluphi na uhlobo lwenoveli lubhaliwe kunye nomqolo wayo okanye amabali ahambelanayo adibanisa umthi wengcinga esisiseko, okanye icingelwa ngokusekwe kulwahlulo lwangoku, kungcono ukuncamathela ngasemva, koko umbhali asixelela kona. ukuba ibali lale mihla asiyongxowa exubeneyo apho umfundi anokulahleka lula.
Kodwa ... kuhlala kukho izinto ezintle ngaphandle. Amatyala afana nalawa UPaul auster Ngendlela eqaqambe kangangokuba ijongana nobukho kukhetho olufanelekileyo lwamagama okanye, kwelinye amaza ombane, xa sithetha UJonathan Franzen, umenzi weprozi yala maxesha ephinda icace gca kwifom yayo ngobuchule bokunyibilika, apho umbono womntu, ugcwele izichasi kodwa udityaniswe nobunzima, udibana.
UFranzen ngamanye amaxesha usebenzisa ulwakhiwo oluqhelekileyo lokulandelelana kweziganeko olunxulunyaniswa nomsinga. Kodwa kwimeko yakhe, ngobuchule bakhe njengombhali wezincoko kwizihloko zangoku, ugcwalisa indawo nganye ngabalinganiswa abohlukeneyo ngeengxoxo ezihlala zikhuthaza okanye zityhila kwaye zifezekisa umbono wembali yemihla yethu.
Iinoveli ezi-3 eziphezulu eziCetyiswayo nguJonathan Franzen
Iindlela ezinqamlezileyo
Ihlabathi elizimeleyo, njengokungathi lidada kwizinto eziyinyani ezidlula phantsi kweenyawo zabalinganiswa kunye nokumiswa komlingo kweso sihlandlo sikrazulwe kwikamva lehlabathi. Yiloo nto uFranzen afezekisayo ngeli bali apho isiqhelo yimbiza enyibilikayo yeemeko ezingalindelekanga. Intando kunye nezenzo ezilatha kwintlekele ngaloo mandla aphakathi kwabo bonke ubukho obumiselwe ukubaleka ngenye indlela, kumandla aphakathi kokungento.
Ngobusuku obungaphambi kweKrisimesi ngo-1971, ikhephu elikhulu labhengezwa eChicago. URuss Hildebrandt, umfundisi wecawa ehambele phambili edolophini, sele eza kuwuqhawula umtshato awugqala njengongonwabanga, ngaphandle kokuba umfazi wakhe, uMarion, naye oneemfihlo zakhe, umlindele kwangaphambili.
UClem, izibulo, uvela ekholejini ezaliswe kukuziphatha okugqithisileyo okuye kwabangela ukuba enze isigqibo esiya kubangela umonakalo. Udadewabo u-Becky, kude kube ngoko ukumkanikazi weklasi yakhe kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, uye wajikela kabukhali kwi-counterculture.
Unyana wesithathu, uPerry okrelekrele, ozinikele ekuthengiseni iziyobisi kubafundi afunda nabo, uzimisele ukuba ngumntu ongcono. Ngelixa oyena mncinci, uJay, ezama ukuhamba ngendlela yakhe phakathi kokungaqiniseki kunye nokumangala. Ngaloo ndlela, onke amaHildebrandt asukela inkululeko amanye amalungu entsapho, ngamnye eyedwa, esongela ukuyibekela imiqathango.
Inkululeko
Ukuba obunye bobuhle obuhle kwisitayile sikaFranzen kukujonga ngobunono kwinto nganye yangaphakathi yomlinganiswa ngamnye, jongisisa kule ncwadi isikhokelela kuzo zonke iimvakalelo zabantu esinokuthi sizikhulelwe.
Kubomi obunoxolo bosapho lwaseBerglund, ukuzola kuyavakala, ukuzola kodidi oluphakathi oluzaziyo ukuba luphantsi kokuziphatha namasiko. Ulwakhiwo oluhle lwenucleus yosapho ngamanye amaxesha lubonakaliswa njengento ehlekisayo ngenxa yesimbuku sokuchasana okubandakanya ihlabathi leglasi. Kuphela yiglasi eethe-ethe enokuthi ekugqibeleni inikezele kwisandi sesandi esifanelekileyo.
Iinkqubo zobomi kunye neenkqubo ezicwangcisiweyo, intsapho njenge-meccano eyenziwe yimiphefumlo enye imini iqala ukuhamba ngokuzimeleyo, ngaphandle kokuvumelana kunokwenzeka. Amaxesha ongquzulwano aye afika, omahluko ongenakuphepheka phakathi kweembono zobutsha ngobomi kunye nemvakalelo yabantu abadala yokuba ezo mbono zisenokuba kuphela kwento eyinyaniso.
Inoveli enokucingwa ngomdla womntu obukele ialbham yentsapho ekungekho foto inokususwa kuyo njengengafanelekanga. Kubomi bukaPatty, uWalter kunye nonyana sifunda ukuba yonke into inokutshintsha njani.
Ucoceko
Ngamanye amaxesha isicwangciso sokusebenza kwesihloko akufuneki sichaneke. Kwaye kum, ngayo yonke into eneencwadi zikaFranzen, eso sihloko sifutshane apho bazama ukutsho kakhulu kwigama elinye kubonakala ngathi asifanelekanga.
Ewe kunjalo, ngokwazi uFranzen, abafundi bahlala besazi ukuba singagqitha kweli bango lokungena kwinoveli elungileyo. Ipip iqala uhambo oluvakala lunomdla ekuqaleni.
Akazange amazi utata wakhe kwaye umfanekiso wakhe uhleli emcabangweni wakhe kuba esazi ukuba yena, nokuba ungubani, uhlala kwindawo efanayo naye. Isidingo esidala sokutyhila isazisi esinyangwe njengenkqubo yokufumana kwakhona kubuyise obungenakwenzeka, kuba ixesha lokuba yintombi njengesiseko sokufunda ngobomi liphelile kuPip.
Unamathandabuzo kunye nemibuzo ... Kodwa ukongeza, uhambo lukwasemzimbeni kunjalo, kuba ukufumana utata wakhe uPip kuyakufuneka ahambe aye eMpuma Jamani, njengesikweko sokufiphala kwexesha elidlulileyo, kancinci kancinci. kakhulu eyethu.…, Kungenxa yokuba ukukhangela ukuba ngubani, ngaphaya komzali, kusixhalabisa sonke.
Ezinye iincwadi ezinomdla zikaJonathan Franzen ...
Izilungiso
Ukubhekiselwa kwinucleus yentsapho njengesiqalo yinto ephindaphindiweyo kwiFranzen. Kule, inoveli eyamphakamisayo ngo-2001, sidibana noLamberts, usapho kweso sihlandlo sokwahluka apho abantwana bengasekho apha kwaye abazali banikezela kwizigulo okanye i-manias njenge-somatization yelahleko.
UAlfred no-Enid, abahlali bendlu enye kwaye bohlulwe yiminyaka yokukhanya esele ibaleka kwiipaseji zendlu. Kukho ke abantwana bakhe, babalekela kolunye unxweme lwelizwe njengemiphefumlo ethwelwe ngumtyholi.
Bona, inzala, baye bafuna ithamsanqa labo kwaye bagqibela ngokufumanisa olona hlobo lincinci lwempumelelo okanye ukungaphumeleli, ukushiywa kwamacebo abo kunye nokususwa okubonakala kubakhokelela ekwenqabeni ukwamkela isimemo sokutya ngexesha leKrisimesi. kanina.
Inqaku eli-1 malunga "Ezona ncwadi zi-3 zibalaseleyo nguJonathan Frazen"