UJohn banville okanye uBenjamin Mnyama, kuxhomekeke kwitheko. Ndiyakhumbula ukuba ngamanye amaxesha, xa ndandizakupapasha incwadi yam yokuqala, ndacebisa umpapashi wam ukuba awukhuphe lo msebenzi wokuqala phantsi kwegama elingelolakhe. Undijonge ngendlela engaqhelekanga kwaye wandiqinisekisa ukuba amagama-mbumbulu asetyenziswa ngababhali abaselubhacweni okanye abo babedume kakhulu kwaye babhala kakhulu kangangokuba bafuna ukuphakamisa le ndlela yokhuphiswano lobuxoki.
Ityala likaJohn Banville lisengqiqweni okwesibini. Xa uzele kakhulu okanye unexesha lokuphuphuma lokuyila kwaye ukuthengisa kwakho kukwindawo ephezulu, kungcono ukwahlulahlula ukuze ungagcwalisi abantu, unike umbono wokwahluka ... Ukuba ezo zizizathu. Yonke inokuthi ifike kwinto yokuba uBanville wayefuna ukubhala phantsi kwegama elibi kwaye bamvumela ukuba ayenze. Ekupheleni kosuku uBenjamin Mnyama ligama elixhasayo elihlala lilula.
KuJohn ngokwakhe, ukutshintsha kwakhe umnceda ukuba abe nemveliso ngakumbi, kufana nokuziguqula. Uhlobo lokuvuma okupheleleyo kokuziphatha gwenxa phantsi kwelinye igama elinokutya zonke iintlobo zokukhetha ukugqiba ukubhala ngokukhululekileyo nangokutyibilikayo.
UYohane ngumbhali onobizo lwezibalo. Ebesoloko efuna ukubhala. Xa wayesele ekhulile, wacinga ukuba eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuphumeza ucwangciso lwakhe kukuhamba. Wakwazi ukufumana umsebenzi kwinkampani yeenqwelomoya kwaye ngaloo ndlela wabona ihlabathi. Indoda yaseIreland yokwenyani ezulazulayo, nangona kunjalo, wayehlala enelizwe lakowabo, njengoko kungqinwa kwiinoveli zakhe ezininzi. Ngo-2014 wawongwa i Inkosazana yeAsturias Award ngoNcwadi, konke ukuqatshelwa kombhali olungileyo, iprose efanelekileyo kodwa engavalwanga kwintengiso.
Iinoveli Ezinconywayo nguJohn Banville
itetraloji yenzululwazi
Akunjalo ukunxiba njengengqondi ukuze ubonakale njengomntu ohambahambayo wokwenyani kunye nokuzenzisa kunokuba ube nguJohn Banville kwaye ube nobuganga ngebali ngalinye eliqulathe lo mqulu. Ubuchwephesha obuntle kwinkonzo yeeploti. Incasa engenakuthelekiswa nanto yembali egutyungelwe kwiiploti ezoyikekayo ezizele uxinezeleko. Umqulu owandisa umbhali nowanelisayo nawuphi na umfundi ekukhangeleni iimbekiselo zembali kunye nezenkcubeko zomyalelo wokuqala ngaphandle kokulibala abo baphonononga kuphela ibali njengolonwabo...
Kwixesha leengqondo ezivaliweyo, isiphithiphithi kunye neenkulungwane zakudala zengcamango ephosakeleyo yendalo yonke, amadoda ambalwa ayenobuganga bokuphikisa loo mbono, ezimisele ukufumanisa nokutyhila indlela ihlabathi elisebenza ngayo.
KuCopernicus, inoveli ephumelele ibhaso likaJames Tait Black Memorial, iBanville ivusa ubomi bendoda eneentloni, ibhidekile ngamayelenqe enziwa ngakuye kwaye ifuna inyaniso eyaphanzisa umbono wamaxesha aphakathi wendalo iphela.
Ku-Kepler, ophumelele iMbasa yeThe Guardian Fiction Award, ulandela ekhondweni lenye yezona ngcali zezibalo nezazi ngeenkwenkwezi, ezifuna ukuzoba iinkwenkwezi nezijikelezi-langa beziya kuyiguqula indlela indalo elawula ngayo iRenaissance Europe.
KwiThe Newton Letter, umbhali-mbali wale mihla urhoxa ezilalini ukuze agqibezele ngobomi bakhe buka-Isaac Newton, kodwa incwadi yakhe ingena kwikroba xa ethe phithi kukuqhekeka kwemithambo-luvo ingcaphephe enkulu yaseBritane yefiziksi kunye nengcali yemathematika yabandezeleka ngehlobo lika-1693 kunye noxinzelelo. usapho olumqeshileyo kwindlwana yasehlotyeni.
Ekugqibeleni, kunye noMefisto Banville unika i-twist kwinkolelo kaGqirha Faust kunye nexabiso lokuba isazinzulu kunye nomculi kufuneka bahlawule ubizo lwabo. Imisebenzi emine engenakuphepheka evela kwiMbasa yeNkosana ye-Asturias yeeleta ezihlanganiswe okokuqala kumqulu omnye.
Buyela eBirchwood
Ukubuyela eBirchwood, uJohn Banville uxakekile esazisa ngeIreland ehlaselwe lelo lizwe lihlala kwesi siqithi sikhulu. UGabriel Godkin ngumlingisi wayo ophambili, uhlobo oluthile lokuguqula umbhali obuyela kulowo waqamba iBirchwood emele indalo yeengcinga ezigwenxa zaseIreland. UGabriel ufumanisa ukuba indlu yakudala akhulele kuyo ayinabugocigoci, ikhusela abalinganiswa abahlala kuyo ababonakala ngathi banamachaphaza okwehla kwexesha elingenanceba.
Ngandlela thile, unokulufumanisa olo hlobo lwesikweko phakathi kwenyani efunyenweyo kunye nenkumbulo yexesha elidlulileyo elonwabisayo xa ubuyela kwizithuba ngamanye amaxesha. Umothuko weemvakalelo unokufaniswa neso siphazamiso sombhali esitsalwa ngumbhali. Nangona kunjalo, ukubanjwa okulusizi kwebali kukwahamba nenqaku loburharha, i-asidi ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, kodwa uburharha ekupheleni kosuku, obusetyenziselwa ukoyisa intlekele yelahleko kunye nostalgia.
Ngenxa yemeko eyintlekele yelo xesha lobuntwana bakhe, uGabriel uphela eqala esekisini, ngethemba lokufumana iwele lakhe, awelahlekanga ngokungachazeki. Kwaye ke xa umbhali ethatha ithuba lokuveza i-Ireland enzulu, wohlwaywa lusizi kwindawo yayo yasemaphandleni. Kwaye kulapho ke xa sifumanisa ubukhulu babalinganiswa abahlala kwezo ndawo bohlwaywayo.
Amanani awothusayo aneendlela zokuziphatha ezingaqhelekanga abathi, banikwe amandla okuchaza omlingo kaJohn Banville, bashiye uphawu lwabo, phakathi kobugqwetha obunamandla kunye nokubaluleka okungenakuphikiswa okubashukumisela ukuba baphile ebusweni behlabathi eliphika yonke into.
Kule noveli, i-Ireland sisixa sokukhumbula ulonwabo olutyibilika njengomsinga phakathi kwazo zonke iimeko ezicetywayo, zishiya ekuvukeni kwabo i-patina ebeka ubuso kunye nezindlu, izinto kunye nemiphefumlo ese-sepia.
Izithunzi zikaQuirke
UQuirke wayengumlinganiswa owaphuma kwiinoveli zika UJohn banville Kumabonwakude e-UK. Uloyiso olukhulu imfihlo yakhe kukuhlonipha ulungiselelo olwahlukileyo lo mbhali, phantsi kwe Isibizo sikaBenjamin Mnyama, ibinikela abafundi bayo iminyaka.
Yonke inoveli yolwaphulo-mthetho ifuna umlinganiswa ohamba ngocingo ohamba noxinzelelo phakathi kokulungileyo nokubi. UQuirke uyalazi elona cala loluntu, kodwa uyazi ukuba le nto ayisiyiyo enye into ngaphandle kokubonisa iimeko eziphezulu, apho abemi abadumileyo nabazukileyo behla amaxesha ngamaxesha ukuya esihogweni ukusasaza ngolonwabo lwabo bonke ububi obulawula imiphefumlo yabo. .
Kwimeko ncwadi Izithunzi zikaQuirke, Yonke indawo yokuzibulala ibonakala ivili lemoto. Igosa elinobomi obunobomi kubonakala ngathi ligqibe kwelokuba liphume endleleni. Kodwa kuhlala kukho into evaliweyo ngokungalunganga kuko konke ukubulala, ngokungathi uThixo ungenelele ngawo wonke umzuzu ukuphindisela inkcaso yomntu obulala enye indoda, egqitha amandla oMdali wokunikezela nokuthatha ubomi.
Mhlawumbi indenze ndabhombela kakhulu ... kodwa kukuba inkolo, okanye abo bayilawulayo, inendima yayo yenkwenkwezi apha phakathi kwe-amoral kunye ne-macabre.
UQuirke ukholelwa ekubeni usiya enyanisweni, de loo nyani iqale ukubhabha ngeenxa zonke kuye, kubunzulu bobukho bakhe. Yilapho yonke into iqhuma khona, kwaye isisombululo secala sinokufumanisa okukhulu.
Ezinye iincwadi ezicetyiswa nguJohn Banville…
I-alchemy yexesha
Kunokuba nethemba ukutsho ukuba ixesha libangela, lifumanisa okanye liphumela kuhlobo oluthile lwe-alchemy. Ngenxa yokuba imibimbi, izifo kunye ne-melancholies zihlasela amathambo kunye nomphefumlo njengeenyikima eziqhelekileyo. Kodwa heyi, ndicinga ngayo, utshintsho alunakuphikiswa njengoko lungenakufikeleleka. Ke kungcono ukuyibona njengealchemy apho awona mathuba angcono okugqibela anokwenziwa. Kwaye akukho mntu ungcono kunombalisi obalaseleyo onje ngeBanville ukuba abeke yonke into phakathi kweenkumbulo kunye nentsomi ebalaseleyo yobomi bemihla ngemihla anokunika eyona fomu kunye nemveliso.
Lo msebenzi, kufutshane nembali ngobomi bakhe (malunga nobomi bakhe esixekweni kunye nesixeko esiphilayo), unomaleko kwaye utyebile ngokweemvakalelo, unobuhlakani kwaye uyamangalisa njengayo nayiphi na eyona noveli yakhe ibalaseleyo. KuBanville, owazalwa kwaye wakhulela kwidolophu encinci kufutshane neDublin, isixeko ekuqaleni sasiyindawo enomdla, isipho kunye nendawo awayehlala kuyo umakazi wakhe amthandayo kunye ne-eccentric. Kwaye kunjalo, xa efika ubudala waza wahlala apho, yaba yinto eqhelekileyo yokunganeliseki kwakhe, kwaye eneneni akazange abe nendima efanelekileyo kumsebenzi wakhe de uchungechunge lukaQuirke, olubhalwe njengoBenjamin Black.
Olo mdla wobuntwana lwahlala lufihliwe kwindawo ethile kwinkumbulo yakhe. Kodwa apha, njengoko esikhokela esixekweni, sonwabela imbali yaso yenkcubeko, yezokwakha, yezopolitiko nezentlalo, iBanville izisa ekukhanyeni iinkumbulo ezidityaniswe neendawo ezibaluleke ngakumbi kunye namaxesha okwakha. Isiphumo sikhenkethi esimangalisayo saseDublin, i-eulogy enethenda kunye nenamandla kwixesha kunye nendawo eyakha "umculi okwishumi elivisayo."
Okungafumanekiyo
Yintoni eyayinokuthi intlola izimisele ukuxelela yonke into? Ayinamsebenzi ukuba leliphi ilizwe esithetha ngalo, emva kozakuzo kunye nokubonakala kwalo elabafileyo linento yokwenza nezinto ezihamba ngayo ...
Isishwankathelo: UVictor Maskell, ubufanasini kunye no-esthete, ngumbhali-mbali obalaseleyo kwezobugcisa, ingcali kaPussin kunye nomgcini weqoqo lepeyinti likaKumkanikazi waseNgilane, kwaye phakathi kweminyaka yoo-XNUMX kunye neye-XNUMX wayeyimole yaseRussia engena ngaphakathi kwiziko laseBritane ngokwalo.
Ngoku usandula ukubhencwa esidlangalaleni njengomngcatshi kwiNdlu yeeManyano nguNksk. Thatcher yindoda yesine yeqela eliyintsomi laseCambridge kwaye sele eza kujongana nokuthotywa esidlangalaleni okanye ukuyinyamezela. ekubeni, ngonaphakade wajika waba likheswa, "ongafikelelekiyo."
Kodwa sele eyindoda endala, mhlawumbi esecicini lokufa, kwaye kwisenzo sokugqibela sesityhilelo, okanye mhlawumbi sokuziphindezela okukhulu, uthatha isigqibo sokubhala iimemori zakhe. Le iya kuba yinkqubo efanayo nokubuyiselwa komnye wemizobo awayeyithanda kakhulu, kwaye iphepha emva kwephepha liya kuluhluba i-canvas yobomi bayo bezingqimba ezingapheliyo zobumdaka, ivanishi kunye neepeyinti ezifihla eminye imizobo, de ekugqibeleni ibe yeyokwenyani sibalo, okanye ubuncinci esona sifana kakhulu nenyaniso.
Quirke eSan Sebastián
Xa UBenjamin Mnyama yazisa UJohn banville ukuba isavenge esilandelayo seQuirke siza kwenzeka kumdlalo bhanyabhanya obalaseleyo I-Donosti, Ndandingacingi ukuba ungaphumelela kangakanani lo mbandela. Kuba akukho nto ilunge ngakumbi kunengoma yophuhliso lwesakhiwo esigcwele umahluko njengeSan Sebastián uqobo, Ngokukhawuleza ifafazwe ngombala wayo omhlophe ngeentsuku ezilungileyo ngequbuliso zitshona kwizithunzi ezigqibela zivukela ulwandle lwayo.
Utsaliwe ngumfazi wakhe obalulekileyo uEvelyn eholideyini eya eSan Sebastian, ugqirha wezifo uQuirke uyeke msinyane ukudakumba nokudakumba eDublin ukuqala ukonwabela ukuhamba, imozulu elungileyo, ulwandle kunye txakoli.
Nangona kunjalo, Konke oku kuzola kunye ne-hedonism kuyaphazamiseka xa ingozi ehlekisayo imsa kwisibhedlele sedolophu. Kuyo udibana nebhinqa laseIreland eliqhelene naye ngendlela engaqhelekanga, de ekugqibeleni acinge ukuba uyamazi njengelishwa ibhinqa eliselula, umhlobo wentombi yakhe uFibhi.
Ukuba inkumbulo, okanye ukusebenzisa kakubi utywala, musa ukudlala iqhinga kuye, iya kuba ngu-Epreli Latimer, ekuthiwa wabulawa- nangona umzimba wakhe ungazange ufunyanwe-ngumzalwana wakhe ophazamisekileyo ngexesha lophando olubi apho uQuirke ngokwakhe wayebandakanyeke khona iminyaka eyadlulayo. Uqinisekile ukuba akabonanga moya, unyanzelisa ukuba uFibhi atyelele ilizwe laseBasque ukuze acoce ukungathandabuzeki.
Into ayihoywayo nguQuirke kukuba uya kukhatshwa ngu-Inspector Strafford, angamthandiyo kabukhali, kwaye, ngaphezulu, umntu oqaqambe kakhulu uza kuthatha uhambo olufanayo.
