Uhlobo lweenoveli ze-adventure lube nefuthe lokufowuna kunye nokuthatha uninzi lwababhali baseMelika be-19th kunye nasekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20. Ngaloo ndlela, xa uhlobo lwalusele lunandipha ukuchuma kwayo ngembewu ehlwayelwe ngabantu baseYurophu. Okokuqala, kuba UDaniel Defoe, kwaye emva koko Jules Verne, URobert Louis Stevenson kunye nenkampani, le yokugqibela sele sikhatshwa iincwadi symmetrical of UMark Twain, Jack London, endizisa apha namhlanje, kunye nababhali abaninzi kwelinye icala leAtlantiki.
Ityala likaJack London liyi-stereotype yomntu onomdla njengesigqibo esibalulekileyo ekugqibeleni esigqithiselwe kuncwadi. Kuba uJack oselula wayengenguye ncam umzekelo womfundi ongumzekelo. Iinkxalabo zakhe zamthintela ukuba angaqhubeki esikolweni engaphaya kweminyaka eli-14 ubudala. Kwaye ngelo xesha wayesele eqalile ukufuna ubomi obuneziphumo ezingafaniyo ezamkhokelela ekuhlangabezaneni nazo zonke iintlobo zezenzo ezimbi ngenhlanhla engaphezulu okanye encinci (kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba ude wangena entolongweni ngenxa yokuzulazula apha naphaya).
Ngenxa yale mvelaphi, kulula ukutolika ukuba uJack London umbhali, ukongeza kwinto eqhelekileyo yeenkxalabo zakhe, usekwe kwindlela yokuzifundisa kuncwadi. Kubomi bakhe obusasazeke, uJack olungileyo omdala akazange aphoswe lithuba lokuzibandakanya ngokufunda, ngakumbi ebuntwaneni bakhe nakwiminyaka yobutsha bakhe.
Ezinye ii-wickers ezikhethekileyo ezithe ekugqibeleni zakhokelela komnye wababhali abakhulu bohlobo lwe-adventure, olo hlobo lusisiseko lwebali eliyintsomi elalisele liqalwe nguCervantes ngoDon Quixote ...
Iincwadi ezi-3 ezicetyiswayo nguJack London:
Ibamba elimhlophe
Ayisiyonto ikhethekileyo, kodwa kuyinyani ukuba uninzi lwabo bathwaxwa kukungakhathali kwempucuko yabantu baphela befumanisa kwizinja amaxabiso apho abantu bahlupheka kakhulu ngamaxesha amaninzi.
UJack London wasebenzisa le noveli ukwenza isishwankathelo sobubi beentlobo zabantu phakathi kwazo nokuba umntu othembekileyo njengenja angaphela evusa irhamncwa lakhe langaphakathi ukuze azikhusele kwimeko enobundlobongela.
Ekugqibeleni, kuvelwano olukhulu esinokuziva ngalo kwinja yasendle, sifumanisa ungquzulwano esele lukhona phakathi kwempucuko nendalo, kwimeko esele ilindelwe yomntu njengohlobo lwesibetho esilawula ukuhlala emhlabeni uyiqonda ngokupheleleyo eyayo.
Ingcuka yolwandle
Iilwandle kunye neelwandle kunye nomfanekiso wabo ongunaphakade we-adventure. Ekubeni umntu wayekwazi ukwakha inqanawa awayeza kuzisa ngayo imvakalelo nenkululeko elungeleleneyo elwandle aze kwangaxeshanye alawule imekobume yasemzini, oko kwaba ngumfuziselo osetyenziswa kuncwadi, kwimiboniso bhanya-bhanya nakumculo.
Kule noveli, uhambo lokuwela iilwandle lusinika ukudibana okunyanzelwayo phakathi kokulungileyo komphefumlo womntu kunye nabo bonke ububi obunokububamba.
Phakathi kwenqanawa eyaphukelwa yinqanawa u-Humprey kunye nomhlanguli wakhe, uKapteni Wolf Larsen, kuyakhula ubudlelwane obuxineneyo. Phantsi kwembonakalo yolona lwandle lusemantla, apho inqanawa ingayeki ukukhangela amatywina, sonwabela uhlobo lwe-duel ekhoyo phakathi kwelona cala lethu loyikekayo kunye nomnqweno wethu onzulu wentlawulelo kunye nehlabathi eligwetyelwe ubuhle balo obunxilisayo.
Ngenxa yokuba uHmprey kunye neWolf ngamanye amaxesha babonakala bengamehlo afanayo ngenxa yokuba bobabini babona indawo efanayo ebenza bangabalulekanga, phambi kwemvakalelo yakhe umntu uzama ukuzikhulisa ngayo nayiphi na indlela.
Isithende sentsimbi
Emuva ngo-1908 uJack London wapapasha le noveli eyaphela ithathwa njengesalathiso sezopolitiko nentlalontle eya kuthi ngokuqinisekileyo ithathwe njengesalathiso ngababalisi bamabali abathathu abakhulu: George Orwell, IBradbury o Aldous Huxley.
Ngenxa yokuba uJack London wayebhale intsomi yokuqala ecacileyo yedystopian kwimbali. Ukusukela ngo-1908, uJack London waveza ibali lakhe de kwaba ngunyaka ka-2600. Kungaloo nyaka apho sidibana no-Anthony Meredith, owathi naye wathabatheka yincwadi ebhalwe ngumbono
Avis Everhard kumashumi ambalwa eminyaka ngaphambi kokuphela kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini, kunye norhulumente we-Iron Heel esebenza ngokupheleleyo kwihlabathi liphela. Mhlawumbi umbhali wayengenanjongo ecacileyo yezopolitiko, nangona wayezazi kakuhle ingcamango kaMarxist yaseYurophu, kodwa inyaniso kukuba inoveli yakhe yaba ngumqondiso wokulwa nobungxowankulu obunoburhalarhume kunye nobulumko obukhulu, obunamandla okulawula, ukuvelisa i-newspeak kunye nokwahlula. iiklasi ezingathandwa kakhulu okanye amazwe ... ingaba oko kuvakala kuyinto eqhelekileyo kuwe?
