Olunye lwezona zinto zilungileyo kwinoveli kukuba, kwindaleko yayo, ivulele uninzi lwamathuba, okwangoku izivelisa njengohlobo oluninzi loncwadi olunakho ukugcina zonke iintlobo zeenjongo kunye nezizathu.
Ndizisa olu luvo ngombono we UIris Murdoch uxolelanisa ngendlela yakhe nokwenziwa kwamabali akudala kunye nomyolelo wokugqibela phakathi kwezinto ezikhoyo (ukuzinikela kwakhe Sartre Oku kungqinwa), eyona nto ibalulekileyo kunye nokuthinta abantu abadumileyo abakwaziyo ukubonelela ngesinyibilikisi esinyibilikayo ukusuka kwindawo ephezulu yokucinga edluliselwe kubalinganiswa abagqibela ngokuba ngamagorha amakhulu eentlekele zabo.
Ekugqibeleni imalunga nefilosofi eguqukileyo yabalisa ibali. Eyona ndlela inokubakho yokuhambisa umbono womphefumlo olinyiweyo kuye nawuphina umntu ofuna iziseko ezenza isimilo sokuziphatha somntu eshukunyiswe kulwandle olunamaza oluphikisanayo noluntu. Ukugxekwa, ukucamngca okunzulu kunye nokuhlekisa kufanele ukuba kuzalwe koku kuqonda kokuphikisana kwendalo yokuphila.
Eyona njongo iphambili yayo yonke ifilosofi bubulumko, ukubonelelwa ngemana oza kuzula entlango ngayo nethuba lokusinda. Iincwadi zikaMurdoch zizisa ubulumko bemihla ngemihla, ifilosofi ijolise kwimilinganiselo engenzi nto ngaphandle kokuphonononga eyona nto yenza ukuba umntu abe ngumntu opheleleyo okanye unodoli nje.
Kodwa ndinyanzelisa ukuba sithethe ngenoveli. Kananjalo, lo mbhali waseIreland ugqiba ukucebisa ngebali ukuze lifundwe ngandlela thile, phantsi kwengcinga yomntu ngamnye, ekugqibeleni agqibe ngobomi obutsha babalinganiswa bomfundi onokuhlala kwelona lide okanye, njengobuncinci, kunye ne-inertia ye-protagonist esemsebenzini, eso sipili esinokubonisa uvelwano ekufumaneni ii-nuances zehlabathi.
Iincwadi ezi-3 eziphezulu ezinconywayo ngu-Iris Murdoch
Ngaphantsi komnatha
U-Iris Murdoch wagqiba kwelokuba ixesha lakhe lokubhala inoveli lafikelela ngaphaya kweminyaka engama-30, emva kokugxotha ingcinga kaSartre kwisincoko esinzulu ngokweenkcukacha malunga nomlinganiswa kunye nexesha langoku awaliqalisayo.
Kwaye njengoko kuqhele ukwenzeka ngamanye amaxesha apho i-avant-garde yagqabhuka, le noveli yabona ukukhanya kosuku ngo-1954, yayixatyiswa kakhulu kwiminyaka emininzi kamva. Ibali ligxile kumbhali uJake Donaghue, umfana ogxothiweyo ebomini kwaye kude nephupha lakhe lokuphumelela, into eyodwa apho ibali liphela lijikeleza lisebenzisa umntu ngamnye kubalinganiswa bayo ukuphonononga kwiingcinga zezopolitiko ezenze umhlaba Yintoni.
Uthando kukutya okukhoyo kwesiqwenga somdlalo, umdlalo wokukhanya nesithunzi obeka uJake, uAnna noHugo kwiindawo ezithile zobudlelwane obungenakwenzeka. Iqhina liqhubele phambili ngokukhangela kukaJake kwesazisi sakhe njengombhali, lowo umtyhala phakathi komgangatho wencwadi egqibeleleyo enokushwankathela eyona ngcinga intle kakhulu, kunye nembono emnandi yokwamkelwa koluntu njengeyona njongo.
Isilencer, incwadi kaJake, iba yimvelaphi yekamva labalinganiswa bakhe, iindlela zabo zokujongana nemeko kunye nemiceli mngeni zihamba phakathi kwezindululo zokuziphatha kunye nokudideka kwengqondo, ekugqibeleni sijonga ukusikelwa umda kwabantu apho sizama ukwakha ezona zibhulorho zingazinzanga zokuqonda kwethu. kunye nendlela yethu yonxibelelwano.
Ulwandle, ulwandle
Owona msebenzi unikezelwe ngombhali waseIreland. Kwakhona singena engqondweni yomdali ngoonobumba abancinci, bomntu ozinikele kwinto eyintsomi njengesipili esibonisa imeko yethu ekukhanyeni kokuqonda okuncinci kunye nokuqonda kukaPlato.
UCharles Arrowby waziwa njengomnye wabadlali ababalaseleyo embalini emva koShakespeare. Ukusuka ekucingeni kwakhe okuphezulu kwe-ego yakhe, uCharles ubonakala eqinisekile ukuba angabulawula ubomi bakhe nexesha lakhe. Uthando lwakudala lukaCharles lubonakala sele lumdala kumdali wakhe othathe umhlala-phantsi.
Uyaqhubeka nokucinga ukuba lonke ixesha elidlulileyo alinamsebenzi kakhulu, ukuba uthando oluphelelwe lixesha lolwakhe. UMariya wabizwa ngokuba lolo thando kwaye iya kuba nguye ojolise kubukho bomdlali odlalayo wakudala kwiintsuku ezingwevu ezivela kulwazelelo lokuguga kwakhe. Mhlawumbi uCharles akamthandi uMariya ngokungathi ulangazelela elo xesha wayehlala kwilimbo lothando olungagqitywanga, njengomngxunya onokumvumela ukuba abuyele ebusheni bakhe.
Unokwenza yonke into, yingqondi, umdali wamabali. UMary ugqibela ngokuxhwilwa nguCharles ... kuphela emva koko kukuqiniseka kwe-quixotic yempambano eza kuCharles ngobunzima bokuphoxeka okukhulu. Akukho nto inokuhlangulwa kwixesha elidlulileyo, nkqu nangaye.
Iphupha likaBruno
Kufika ixesha elingenakulindeleka ngokupheleleyo apho ixesha elidlulileyo lijija ngaphezulu kwenye, lide lithathe nokuphefumla komntu. Kungenzeka kwi-90 yakho okanye ngaphambili. Kuphela kwiminyaka engama-90 kaBruno, ukurhoxiswa kwenyani kungenakuphepheka.
Ibhedi kaBruno lihlabathi lakhe, enoluvo lokuthintela ngokupheleleyo ukwenza isenzo esincinci sobomi ngaphaya kwengcinga. Ukucinga ngencwadi apho umlinganiswa alele khona engagudluki ebhedini kukukhumbula amaxesha kaGregorio Samsa ngaphambi kokuba anikezele kwimowudi yakhe yokubhala.
Ngapha koko uBruno uphantse wafana nesigcawu. Wayesoloko ezithanda ezi zinambuzane zikhawuleza zingenise umonde weeyure ezilinde ixhoba xa zitsibela kwilaphu lewebhu yakhe entsha. UBruno sisigcawu esikwiwebhu yakhe sifumanisa abalinganiswa abatsha abadlulayo, behleli bebambelele njengebhola okanye abagqobhoka abanobundlobongela besakhelo.
Uthungelwano lobudlelwane boluntu njengoBruno ugqiba ukubhala ibali elibukhali malunga nothando, intiyo kunye nazo naziphi na ezinye iimvakalelo ezinokuviwa ebomini.
