El umbhali wesiNgesi UGraham Greene wakhawuleza wabalasela kwezorhwebo. Kwiminyaka yakhe yokuqala yamashumi amabini, wapapasha inoveli yokuqala eyamncedayo ukuba afumane ukuzimela okuququzelele ukuzinikezela kwakhe kuncwadi kunye nokuhamba njengezincedisi eziyimfuneko kwindlela yakhe ebalulekileyo yokuqonda konke ukuthanda okubalisayo.
Ngendlela efanayo naleyo UFrederick forsyth nabanye ababhali, UGraham Greene wasebenzela iinkonzo zobuntlola zaseBritane, eyathi ekugqibeleni yanikela olongezelelo lweziseko eziphikisanayo zoluhlu lweencwadi olubanzi nolwahlukeneyo. Kwaye ndibhekisa kwiindidi zomsebenzi wakhe kuba, ngaphaya kweenoveli zakhe malunga namayelenqe ezizwe ngezizwe ngolwazi olupheleleyo lweenyani, kuhambo ngalunye nakwindawo nganye entsha awandwendwela kuyo, iGreene ixutywe ngokugqibeleleyo ekufuneni amabali amatsha angazange ayeke ukumangalisa. phuma kwingcinga yakhe eninzi.
Thatha isigqibo sokufunda ezinye Inoveli kaGraham Greene soloko inqaku lokungaqiniseki. Unokufumana ibali elithandabuzekayo kwindawo ekude apho iimeko ezongezelelekileyo zenzeka khona ukuze kuqondwe inkulungwane yamashumi amabini, njengoko uzifumanisa unefilosofi ephosakeleyo ngabalinganiswa abahlala bephila kakhulu, kunye neengxoxo zabo ezisebenza njengesiqhelo Ukuziphatha okanye ezopolitiko kubaluleke kakhulu.
Ekugqibeleni Umsebenzi kaGraham GreeneUkususela ekuqalekeni kobutsha bayo, iyazondla kwaye iyancibilika kwi-hybrid yemilingo. Yintoni enokubonakala ngathi yeyona noveli yakho yobugqwetha iphela ichaphazeleka ngaleyo njongo iphikisayo idlulela ngaphaya kwengxelo yolonwabo. Kwaye ngendlela efanayo, iinoveli zakhe "zobuntu", ngokuthetha, bahlaselwa ngamacebo agcwele eso siqhelo sinomoya ojikeleze isenzo esoloko sanelisa zonke iintlobo zabafundi.
Iincwadana ezi-3 eziPhakanyisiweyo eziCetyiswayo nguGraham Greene
Umva weploti
Ucinga ukuba uyayazi indawo yakho emhlabeni. Iminyaka iyahamba kwaye indawo yokuthuthuzela iyanda kwicala elinye, kodwa ukunyathela ekukhanyeni kunye nokulamba, okugubungela iminqweno ekude yolutsha njengabafileyo phantsi kombhoxo. Kuphela ngamanye amaxesha umntu ufikelela kumda waloo ndawo inkulu itofotofo aze atyhalelwe kwelinye icala. Yiya ekhaya okanye uzinikele entshabalalweni...
UMajor Henry Scobie wamapolisa kunye nenkosikazi yakhe uLouise bahlala iminyaka kunye namanye amagosa aseBritane kwindawo ekude yaseNtshona Afrika. Indawo efunxayo wonke umntu afuna ukuyishiya, ngakumbi uLouise. UHenry, kwelakhe icala, yindoda enengqibelelo eyamkela ngokungqongqo imeko yakhe nokutshata kwakhe nomfazi anovelwano ngalo kunokuba amthande yaye, ngaphezu kwayo yonke enye into, azama ukuyonwabisa. Kodwa ngokufika kondwendwe olungalindelekanga, imigaqo eyomeleleyo kaHenry iya kuvavanywa.
Ipapashwe ngo-1948 kwaye iphefumlelwe ngamava ombhali eSierra Leone ngexesha lemfazwe, le noveli ngokukhawuleza yaba yeyona nto ithengiswa kakhulu kwaye ithathwa njengowona msebenzi wakhe ubalaseleyo. Umva weli yelenqe ujonga imixholo ayithandayo kaGreene: i-chiaroscuro yendalo yomntu, ukungcatshwa kwabanye kunye nesiqu sakho, ukusilela, ukholo, idini kunye nothando oluthathiweyo kwiziphumo zalo zokugqibela. Ibukhali kwaye iyashukuma, ngokungathandabuzekiyo yinoveli engenakulibaleka.
Amandla nozuko
Ifilosofi, isenzo kunye nemvakalelo ekuqwalaselweni kwayo ngokubanzi. Umxube wokuqhuma apho kum, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, ngowona msebenzi ubalaseleyo walo mbhali.
Kwiminyaka engama-36, uGreene wayesele ekulungele ukubhala elo bali eliza kushwankathela awona manqaku mabini abalulekileyo. Ibali elishenxayo kude neForsyth kwaye lisondele kwi I-Chesterton Iyakwazi ukushwankathela ukuthandabuza kunye nolo hlobo lwentanda-bulumko yobuKristu.
Sibambene noTata uJosé, saya eMexico ngeminyaka yoo-30 yenkulungwane edlulileyo. Ayizontsuku ezilungileyo kumaKristu elizwe aqiniseke ngokupheliswa kwale nkolo. Imfazwe efihlakeleyo kaCristero ilingana nemeko yenkolo efana noJosé oqhekekileyo phakathi kwenkonzo yakhe yecawa kunye nokufihlwa kwezono zakhe.
Kwaye kuloo meko yokuphikisana, phantsi koluvo lokuba uhlala enetyala lokuzaliseka kwakudala kwezibhambathiso zakhe, sifumana umlinganiswa kwintambo engaphezulu kokuziphatha kwakhe okuveza umfundi kufundo oluvulekileyo lwentliziyo.
Indoda yesithathu
Ngelishwa, xa uhlengahlengiso lwefilim ludlula ngaphezulu kwenoveli yokuqala, loo mvakalelo yokwenyani epheleleyo ilahlekile, indalo inamathele ngokwenyani kwelo linge loyilo elidlulisela kwingqondo yethu yokufunda imeko nganye esicingelwayo, incoko nganye, ingcinga nganye...
Ayikokugxekwa kwe-movie, okwenyani yayiyinto entle. Kuphela sisikhundla se-phagocytic se-cinema ngamanye amaxesha esingandikhathazi. Le noveli isishwankathela ngokugqibeleleyo ukuba uhlobo olumnyama lubhaptizwe kurhaneleko lwamanye amazwe ngesindululo somntu malunga nobuhlobo kunye notshintsho esihlupheka ngalo ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Ibali elikumxube wefilimu kunye neenkumbulo zokufunda, kunye nokuma kobumnyama bendalo ekuphumeni kweMfazwe yesibini (II) yeHlabathi, iba yinto eyenziwayo kwisitayile esibhaliweyo Hitchcock.
URollo Martins uya eVienna kwakamsinya nje emva kokuba imfazwe iphelile. IYurophu ngoku lilizwekazi lokwabelana phakathi kwabakhululi bakaHitler. Kwisixeko semisele, umhlobo wakhe uHarry umlindele, kwaye uRollo utsala umdla wakhe wokudibana kwakhona.
Kodwa uHarry sele efile ekufikeni kwakhe. Yonke into ayifumanayo malunga nokufa kwakhe kunye nezo zinto zibangela ukuba kungabikho sizathu sokubulala, kubonakala kumhlobo wakudala obomi bakhe babuthathe iindlela ezingalindelekanga.
Ezinye iincwadi ezicetyiswa nguGraham Greene
Umntu waseMelika ozolileyo
Akukho nto ilunge ngakumbi kunothando olusentlungwini ukugqiba ukujikeleza inoveli yamayelenqe. Kwaye ukuba indibaniselwano ityikitywe nguGreene, umba uthatha elinye inqanaba.
Unxantathu ongaqhelekanga phakathi kukaTomas, Alden noFoung uba ngamanye amaxesha ube yinto esisiseko sebali. Kodwa ngokomgaqo eli bali likhomba komnye umbuzo malunga, ngezo ntsuku, imeko engazinzanga yelizwe lonke laseIndochinese, indawo apho uFoung evela khona, intombazana egqibezela ivertex noThomas noAlden.
Iimbambano zopolitiko eVietnam okanye eThailand zigqithisiwe okanye kugxilwe kwiinkcukacha phakathi kwabathathu abaphambili. Okwangoku, umbhali uchaza ezo ngxabano zalapha ekhaya ziguqulwe zangumgubo apho sijamelene nokuziphatha okungoyisiyo koxinzelelo lwabadlali abaninzi ...
