IKarimesi yeKarimesi ngumsebenzi ophindaphindiweyo, ojikelezayo, ofunyenwe ngenxa yeKrisimesi nganye. Ayisiyonto yobugcisa, okanye ubuncinci bobugcisa bakhe ngokoluvo lwam, kodwa isimilo sayo njengebali leKrisimesi elinoloyiso lokuziphatha kwaye lisasebenza nanamhlanje njengophawu lwenjongo eguqukayo yeli xesha lithandekayo lonyaka.
Kodwa abafundi abalungileyo be UCharles Dickens Bayazi ukuba kuninzi okuninzi kwindalo yombhali. Kwaye kunjalo UDickens wayengenabo ubomi obulula, kwaye umzabalazo wokuphila kuluntu olunenkqubela phambili kwezamashishini kunye nokuzihlukanisa ngokufanayo kuqhutyekwe kwiincwadi zakhe ezininzi. Ngotshintsho kwimizi-mveliso esele ikho ukuhlala (uDickens waphila phakathi kuka-1812 no-1870), kwakufuneka ukuba ubuntu buhambelane nenkqubo.
Ngoko ke, Ibali leKrisimesi mhlawumbi yayileloncwadi, Libali eliphantse labubuntwana kodwa linentsingiselo, lityhila malunga nexabiso lenzuzo kwimarike yoshishino olusakhulayo.
Oko kwathiwa, ngokwaziswa ngokukhanya kulo mbhali, masiqhubeke ne-sUkukhetha iinoveli ezicetyiswayo.
Iinoveli ezinconywayo nguCharles Dickens
Imbali yezixeko ezibini
Apha sidibana nokuba yeyiphi na into yobugcisa bakhe. Inoveli eyimbali phakathi kweenguqulelo, iFrance kunye nomzi mveliso. Uhlaziyo olwahluke kakhulu kubume nakwimbono yabo, kodwa, rhoqo, bafumana amaxhoba edolophini ...
IParis njengekomkhulu loHlaziyo lwaseFrance apho abantu bafuna inkululeko yabo. ILondon sisixeko esinoxolo, esizolile, sizilungiselele ukuhlaselwa koomatshini njengawo onke amandla.
Isishwankathelo: Le noveli yincwadi yesiNgesi yenkulungwane ye-XNUMX. Iphatha ngokufanayo iinyani zaseNgilani kunye neFrance eguqukayo. Ukuthatha i-French Revolution njengendawo ekubhekiswa kuyo, uDickens ubonakalisa iingxaki zentlalo nezopolitiko zaseNgilani, esoyika ukuba imbali inokuphinda iphindaphinde kwilizwe lakhe lokuzalwa xa ebhala le noveli.
Ngokwahlukileyo kwezi zixeko zibini zinikiwe, iNgilane iboniswa njengentembeko, inzolo, ikamva liqinisekisiwe, ngelixa iFrance isiya isiba yingozi ngakumbi njengoko inoveli iqhubeka.
Izenzo zobundlobongela ezenziwa ngabantu baseFrance ziphakathi kwezona ndawo zingalibalekiyo kule ncwadi. UDickens uyabugatya ubundlobongela obuguquliweyo ngeendlela ezimbini, ngohlobo lwazo oludumileyo, ngabantu, nakwimo yeziko efana noloyiko.
UDickens wabhala incwadi malunga nezixeko ezibini, enye awayeyiqonda kwaye eyazi kwaye enye angayiqondiyo okanye engayazi. Inkcazo yakho yento endingayaziyo malunga nayo ibhetele kunale bendiyazi ngayo.
Abagxeki bathi uDickens usekele inoveli yakhe kwimisebenzi kaCarlyle kwi-French Revolution, kodwa kunokuthiwa iTale yeziXeko ezibini yincwadi yencwadi yezembali kaCarlyle, oko kukuthi, libali kodwa elinemvakalelo eyongeziweyo, libali ekubambisayo kwaye ekuntywilisela kwiziganeko zotshintsho eFrance ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX.
UDavid Copperfield
Njengobomi obuyintsomi, le ncwadi sele ivusa umdla. UDickens oguqulwe yintsomi usixelela ngobomi bakhe. Kodwa ukongeza, inoveli inexabiso loncwadi, ngokubalisa ngovelwano malunga namava enkwenkwe enqwenela ukuba yindoda.
Isishwankathelo: Okoko kwapapashwa ngokulandelelana phakathi kwe-1849 kunye ne-1850, uDavid Cooperfield, "unyana oyintandokazi" yombhali wayo, akashiyanga nto ngaphandle komkhondo, uvuyo nombulelo. Kwi-Swinburne "yayingumsebenzi wobugcisa obalaseleyo." UHenry James ukhumbule ukufihla phantsi kwetafile njengomntwana ukuva umama wakhe efunda ukuhanjiswa ngokuvakalayo. UDostoevsky wayifunda kwintolongo yakhe eSiberia.
UTolstoy wayithatha njengeyona nto ifunyenwe nguDickens, kunye nesahluko kwisaqhwithi, umgangatho ekufanele ukuba ugwetywe ngawo onke amabali. Kwakuyincwadi yakhe eyintandokazi kaSigmund Freud.
UKafka wamlingisa eMelika kwaye uJoyce wamlingisa e-Ulysses. Kwi-Cesare Pavese, "kula maphepha angalibalekiyo ngamnye wethu (andicingi ngancomelo ephezulu) ufumana amava akhe emfihlo kwakhona."
Umfundi ngoku unethuba lokuphinda afumane amava ayimfihlo ngenxa yenguqulelo entsha negqwesileyo kaMarta SolÃs, eyokuqala ngeSpanish kwiminyaka engaphezulu kwamashumi amahlanu yomsebenzi ophambili, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, kuncwadi lwehlabathi.
Amaxesha anzima
Kufuphi kakhulu kwinqanaba lenoveli yangaphambili, kwesi sicelo sibuyele kumbono wokulunga komntu kwiindawo ezihlazileyo ezithobekileyo, owona mzekelo mkhulu ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX yayiyiNgilane.
Isishwankathelo: Ebomini eyona nto ibalulekileyo ziinyani. Ngala magama omenzi-bubi uMnu Gradgrind uqala inoveli Ubunzima beXesha, inoveli apho ukusuka ekuqaleni kuye esiphelweni umxholo wawukukhangela ulonwabo ngokunyanisekileyo ngabalinganiswa balo.
Ifunyanwa kwisixeko seshishini kumantla eNgilane, umfundi uyangqina ukutshatyalaliswa okucothayo kunye nokuqhubela phambili kwemfundiso yezibakala, ezenza ngathi azinakuphikiswa kodwa, zingena kubomi babalinganiswa, zibalungise, zitshone ezinye sele zingenisa kubo ngobomi obutsha.
Amaxesha anzima yeyona noveli kaDickens ibaluleke kakhulu kwaye inomdla kwaye kwangaxeshanye, njengayo yonke le misebenzi yombhali, luphononongo olunzulu, olunzulu nolukrelekrele loluntu lwesiNgesi kwiinkulungwane ezimbini ezidlulileyo.
