Kukho amagqwetha abhenela kuncwadi oluyintsomi olunje John Grisham kunye namanye amagqwetha afana UPhilippe Sands ezivelisa inyaniso ngokuzibophelela okuqulethwe kwizincoko nezinye iincwadi ezingezizo ezenyani. Imisebenzi exutywe neziqwengana ze-autobiographical kunye neengxelo zaloo nyaniso eyenye etyibilika phantsi kokwenyani ngokwayo, kwitafile yamanzi ngokubhekiselele kwinto eyaziwayo.
Kuba kwintsebenzo enxibe iingubo ze Iisanti iye yakwazi ukusondela kwezona politiki zingcolileyo zezizwe ngezizwe. Nditsho kanye eyona ndawo apho ukwazisa into ethile kusilela kwaye kuyafuneka ukuba ibali lisondele kwinyani elenza ubulungisa ngokwazi okungaziwa ngakumbi kubemi abaqhelekileyo.
Kuyahlekisa oko bendikukhumbula mva nje Ben Pastor kwaye namhlanje nguSands oza kule bhlog, kodwa i-synergies ye-thematic injalo, into enye ikukhumbuza enye. Ukuba nge Ben Pastor singena kwi-Third Reich ukusuka kwiintsomi ezithandekayo, NgeSands sizulazula kwiiofisi zeendawo eziphakamileyo zeJamani yamaNazi kuyo nayiphi na enye indawo yokwenza izigqibo ehlabathini. Ngenxa yokuba kwakukho kwaye kukho ukuba obona buxoki bungcwele buhambisa ihlabathi bulinganiswa, bulinganiswe kwaye buthengiswe.
Iincwadi ezinconyelwe kakhulu nguPhilippe Sands
Indlela yokubaleka
Nabuphi na ubomi obumbaxa buphambene ukukhokela. Ngenxa yokuba i-bipolarity ibonakala imbi ngakumbi kunemeko yengqondo elula. Ungubani wena indoda okanye umfazi ongathembekanga okanye isibini esingumzekelo? Luthini ulusu lwakho lomntu olungileyo okanye lolomntu obulalayo? Kwaye andikuxeleli ukuba kufanele ukuba kunjani, urhuqa iinyawo zakho kwi-mat ukuze ungene kwigumbi ngalinye ngelixa ulinde uthuthu lwe-fascism yakho ukuba lubambelele kuloo rag incinci phantsi kweenyawo zakho ...
NgoJulayi 1949, indoda eyayinesifo esiqatha sesibindi yangeniswa kwisibhedlele saseRoma. Iziswe apho ziimonki kwaye ibhaliswe phantsi kwegama elithi Reinhardt, elijika libe linkohliso. Utyelelwa ngubhishophu, ugqirha kunye nenenekazi lasePrussia. Isigulana siphela sisifa kwaye inenekazi lasePrussia lithumela ileta kwintsapho. Igama lokwenyani lesigulana esingaqondakaliyo ngu-Otto Wächter, kwaye ileta evela kwinenekazi lasePrussia iya kufikelela kwinkosikazi yakhe, uCharlotte, emva koko idlulisele ebantwaneni babo. Ngoyena mncinane kubo, uHorst, afunyanwa nguPhilippe Sands, kwaye xa emtyelela kwinqaba ahlala kuyo phantse engasese, umxelela ukuba "ayiyonyani into yokuba utata usweleke ngenxa yokugula."
Yintoni na ke yona inyaniso? Kwaye ngaphezu kwako konke: ngubani uReinhardt womgunyathi obizwa ngokuba nguOtto Wächter? Ngenkqubo yokubuza efana naleyo isetyenziswe kwincwadi yakhe yangaphambili, waqhwatyelwa izandla kakhulu Isitalato saseMpuma-ntshona, USands uhlaziya ubomi balo mntu wafunda umthetho eVienna, wasishiya isixeko esiya eBerlin, wabuya njengomlawuli wamaNazi wasusa oonjingalwazi abangamaYuda awayenabo eyunivesithi kwizikhundla zabo. Kamva wathunyelwa eKrakow, kwaye apho utyikityo lwakhe lugximfizwe kumaxwebhu akhokelela ekufeni kwamawaka abantu, uninzi lwamaYuda. Yaye kwakutheni ukuze iphelele eRoma? Wayelapho esendleleni eya eMzantsi Melika, ebaleka kwi-incognito, ekhuselwe lelinye ilungu leVatican ...
Ngomdla ochazayo weyona noveli yentlola ekhawulezayo, uSands uphonononga izizathu ezikhokelela indoda ukuba yenze izenzo ezimanyumnyezi kwaye iphinde ihlaziye iYurophu yamandulo enenkathazo kunye nembali yosapho ephawulwe ngezono zikabawo ... Inkulu kwaye ibalulekile. incwadi .
Isitalato saseMpuma-ntshona
I-axis esempuma yedolophu yaseBerlin ingaphezulu kakhulu kunejografi. Ngapha koko, ulwahlulo oluchazwe ngendlela engaqondakaliyo kwindawo apho impuma iqala khona okanye apho intshona iqala khona imisela eyona ndawo imbi kwimbali yeYurophu iphela ...
Mhlawumbi hayi kangako kuphawu lwala manqaku ekhadinali ngokukodwa eBerlin, kodwa ukusuka kwisimboli eli bali lisindisiweyo lizalwa njengembali eqaqambileyo engazange ibe yinyani kwaye iphazamise.
Imisonto emibini ilukiweyo kumaphepha ale ncwadi ikhethekileyo: kwelinye icala, ukuhlangulwa kwebali likatatomkhulu womama wombhali kuhambo lwakhe ukuya kunika intetho kwisixeko saseLviv, esasiyiPolish kwaye ngoku siyinxalenye yeUkraine. Kwelinye icala, amagqwetha amabini angamaYuda kunye nommangalelwa waseJamani kwityala laseNuremberg, naye obomi bakhe badibana kweso sixeko sihlaselwa ngamaNazi. La maYuda mabini afunda apho aza asindisa ubomi bawo kuba afuduka kwangexesha – elinye laya eNgilani, elinye laya eUnited States – kwaye ummangalelwa – okwaligqwetha elikrelekrele kunye nomcebisi wezomthetho kaHitler – wayeyirhuluneli ngexesha lolawulo.
Ke ngoko, ngokusekwe kunxibelelwano oluchuliweyo phakathi kwaba balinganiswa bane - utatomkhulu, amagqwetha amabini angamaJuda athatha inxaxheba eNuremberg, elinye neqela lezomthetho laseBhritane kunye nelinye neMelika, kunye namaNazi, indoda enenkcubeko eyaphela yamkela uburharha- , ixesha elidlulileyo livela, i-Shoah, iMbali enoonobumba abakhulu kunye namabali amancinci amancinci. Kwaye ujongene noloyiko luvela ukunxanelwa ubulungisa - umzabalazo wamagqwetha amabini ukwazisa ityala ingcamango "yolwaphulo-mthetho olunxamnye noluntu" - kunye nentando yokuqonda oko kwenzekayo, okukhokelela umbhali ukuba adibane nonyana wolwaphulo-mthetho wamaNazi.
Umphumo: yincwadi ebonisa ukuba asiyiyo yonke into eyathethwayo ngeMfazwe Yehlabathi II nokubulawa kwabantu; Incwadi ekwangaxeshanye ingumbhalo omnandi woncwadi onabacuphi kunye nenkundla echulumancisayo, ingxelo ebalaseleyo yembali malunga nokuBulawa Kwabantu Ngenkohlakalo kunye neenjongo zamadoda alwela ilizwe elingcono kunye nokucamngca ngobuqhetseba, ityala kunye nomnqweno woBulungisa. Kunqabile ukuba kuthethelelwe ukusebenzisa isiqinisekiso esiyimfuneko kumsebenzi.
Ikholoni yokugqibela
Ubukoloniyali bunxulunyaniswa nawona mabhongo angalindelekanga. Kwaye iindlela zobukhosi obahlukeneyo okanye amazwe azinanto yakwenza nobukoloniyali. Ukusuka ekudityanisweni kwamaRoma okanye iSpanish ukwalathisa ukuphangwa kweBritane naphi na apho babesiya khona. Ngesi sihlandlo, ngaphaya kwamabali antsundu asasazwa ngomdla malunga nezinye iinkqubo zobukoloniyali, lo mbhali weNgesi utyhila imeko yeendudumo malunga nesiganeko sokuhlukaniswa ngokupheleleyo kwabemi bendawo ekude ebandakanywe kubukumkani bukakumkanikazi...
Ngo-Aprili 27, 1973, uLiseby Elysé, owayeneminyaka engamashumi amabini ubudala kunye neenyanga ezine ekhulelwe, wakhwela inqanawa eshiya isiqithi esincinane sasePeros Banhos, eChagos Archipelago, kuLwandlekazi lwaseIndiya. Babehamba naye bonke abemi basekuhlaleni, ababeza kufuduselwa kwisiqithi saseMauritius. Enye into yayikukuhlala ndilambe. Ingcaciso yale mfuduko ngenkani ilele kwiMfazwe Yomlomo. Ngezizathu ezicwangcisiweyo, kwiminyaka engamashumi amathandathu amaMerika agqiba ekubeni afake isiseko somkhosi kwiziqithi, ngokukodwa kwisiqithi sase-Diego GarcÃa, kwaye abazange bafune abemi bomthonyama kwiziqithi ezikufutshane. AmaBritane ayeyinikile le ndawo, kuba yayililifa lawo kwaye ngo-1965 ayahlula kwiMauritius ayijika yaba yindawo ebizwa ngokuba yiBritish Indian Ocean Territory.
Ke, xa iMauritius yazimela ngo-1968, yakwenza oko ngaphandle kwelo chwebakazi, yaza yaqalisa ukumangalelana enkundleni ukuzama ukuyibuyisela. Ngo-2018 eli tyala lafikelela kwiNkundla Yezizwe Ngezizwe eHague. U-Philippe Sands wayebandakanyekile kwelo tyala njengegqwetha lommangali, kwaye ubungqina beenkwenkwezi awabubonisayo yayiyi-Liseby Elysé, owaxelela inkundla ngentlekele yakhe.
Eli libali elaziwayo kancinci elibaliswa yile ncwadi ngekholoni yokugqibela. Incwadi malunga neentloni zexesha elidlulileyo kunye nabemi bomthonyama abahlulwe kwilizwe labo kwaye bagxothelwe kwenye indawo ngenxa ye-geostrategy. Incwadi emalunga nekoloniyalizim kunye nelifa layo, kodwa kunye namabali amancinci ahlala emva kwembali ngoonobumba abakhulu. Emva kwemisebenzi yakhe emibini esisiseko kwiNazism-Isitalato saseMpuma-Ntshona kunye neNdlela yokuPhuncuka-, uPhilippe Sands usinika esinye isiqwenga se-anthological, esixuba ngobuchule ibali, isincoko, iinyani zembali kunye neentlekele zomntu.
