Iincwadi ezi-5 ezigqwesileyo kwimbali

Akuyomfuneko ukuba zibe zezona ncwadi zithengiswa kakhulu, okanye zibe zezona zidumileyo. Kwaye asifanele sinyanzelise ukuba sikhuphe umgangatho wengxelo eBhayibhileni okanye kwiKoran, kwiTorah okanye kwiTalmud, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ingakanani na ukufikelela ngokomoya Gcwalisa ezinye iindidi zamakholwa okanye ezinye...

Kum imalunga nokukhomba iincwadi eziphawula i-eras, ezidlula ixesha lazo kwaye zinokufumana ufundo olutsha ebantwini (okanye nakwiindawo ezingaphandle komhlaba ukuba ngenye imini siyakwazi ukushiya ilifa elibhaliweyo lempucuko yethu) ukusuka kumaxesha ahluke kakhulu. Kungale ndlela kuphela apho umsebenzi wobuqhophololo wokukhetha ifayile iinoveli ezigqwesileyo kwimbali.

Ewe, ndithe iinoveli kuba izakuba malunga intsomi njengesefa yokuqala kwaye ngaloo ndlela sisusa iintanda-bulumko, iinkcuba-buchopho, abaguquli benguqu kunye nabanye ababali ngekamva loBuntu. Sishiywe kunye neenoveli okanye amabali, kunye nokubonakaliswa kobukho bethu, ukusuka kumacebo abonisa umntu kwimizabalazo engunaphakade phakathi kokulungileyo nokubi, kunye nendlela eya kubalinganiswa abahlulwe kuzo zonke imilinganiselo yabo yomzimba, yengqondo kunye neemvakalelo. Intsomi yi-LITERATURE enoonobumba abakhulu.

Iinoveli ezi-5 eziphezulu ezicetyiswayo kwimbali yoncwadi

Ubalo lweMonte Cristo

I-tragicomedy yobomi njenge-adventure. Ukomelela ngokuchukumisa ngothando, izithunzi zenoveli yolwaphulo-mthetho olude malunga neyona miba imbi kakhulu kwimeko yomntu. Ibali elingemva kwe-avant-garde ngelo xesha kodwa lalihlonipha eyona ndlela yakudala yokuqala, embindini kunye nesiphelo. Kuphela liqhina luyilo oluchanekileyo lwamaqhina amaninzi aphuhliswe kwikhonkco. Ngamnye womsebenzi oqaqambileyo ekugqibeleni uyile isakhelo sothungelwano esinomdla.

Ukwaphulwa kwenqanawa, imigodi, ukubaleka, ukubulawa, ukubulala, ukungcatshwa, ityhefu, ukulinganisa ubuntu, umntwana ongcwatywe ephila, ibhinqa eliselula elivusiweyo, amangcwaba, abarhwebi, abaphangi ... ohamba kuyo. Kwaye konke oku kusongelwe kwiveli yamasiko, afanele ukulinganisa abantu bexesha likaBalzac.

Kodwa, ukongeza, wonke umsebenzi ujikeleza ingcamango yokuziphatha: ububi kufuneka bohlwaywe. Ukubala, ukusuka kuloo mphakamo omnika ubulumko, ubutyebi kunye nolawulo lwemicu yeqhinga, umi "njengesandla sikaThixo" ukusabalalisa imivuzo kunye nezohlwayo kunye nokuphindezela ubutsha bakhe obutshatyalaliswayo kunye nothando. Maxa wambi, xa esenza imimangaliso ukuze asindise amalungisa ekufeni, umfundi uye woyiswe ziimvakalelo. Ngamanye amaxesha, xa esibeka ngezithonga ezingapheliyo zempindezelo, siye sishukume.

IQuijote

Ukugcoba kwifom kunye ne-substance, i-irony, i-erudition kwithoni eyaziwayo (ukulinganisela okuphantse kungenakwenzeka kunoma yimuphi umbalisi ngaphandle kweCervantes). Ukufika kunye neempazamo zikaDon Quixote ziphuphuma yingcinga macala onke. Kodwa wonke umfundi onobuqili uyaqonda ngokukhawuleza ukuba ngaphaya kwe-adventure kaDon Quixote kunye noSancho Panza kukho umzekeliso, ukufundisa kunye nokuziphatha. Umntu ophambeneyo njengaye uyakwazi ukubonakalisa kwisahluko ngasinye esitsha ukuba ukukhanya kulilifa labo bacamngca ngehlabathi bekhwele ihashe lomkhondo walo ofanayo.

Don Quixote ligama elikhethwe ngu UAlonso Quijano ngeziganeko zakhe zokufika njengengxilimbela kumsebenzi wentsomi Indoda enobukrelekrele uDon Quijote waseLa Mancha, incwadi yombhali waseSpeyin Miguel de Cervantes.

Ubhityile, mde kwaye womelele, UAlonso Quijano Wayezithanda kakhulu iinoveli ze-chivalric, kangangokuba waqala ukuhlaselwa yimibono kwaye wayekholelwa ukuba wayeyi-knight errant egama lingu. Don Quixote. Kuhambo lwakhe lokufuna inenekazi lakhe lentelekelelo, Dulcinea del Toboso, wayekhatshwa ngu Sancho Panza, indoda yelizwe yokwenyani nesebenza nzima, njenge-squire.

Don Quixote Ubeka ubomi bakhe emngciphekweni amatyeli aliqela kwaye udibanisa impambano kunye namaxesha okuqonda okukhulu, ukongeza ekuboniseni ukungazi okumangalisayo abathi uninzi lwabalinganiswa abasencwadini-abanengqondo ephilileyo-bazama ukusebenzisa ithuba.

The Adventures of Don Quixote Ziphela xa esoyisiwe ngu Isidanga Carrasco enxibe njenge knight. Ukunyanzelwa ukuba ubuyele ekhaya kwaye ulahle ubomi be-chivalric, Don Quixote Ubuyela ezingqondweni kodwa uyafa egula ngenxa ye-melancholy.

Isiqhumiso

UPatrick Süskind uphume nale noveli. UChance wayefuna lo mbhali waseJamani adibane neyona noveli ikhethekileyo, inika umdla nenika umdla kwimbali yoncwadi. Umlingiswa weGrenouille ufikelela kumandla afanayo noDon Quixote ukusuka kwi-eccentricity yakhe. Kuba uGrenouille uphila kakubi nesigwebo sakhe njengoko siziswe kwizohlwayo zakudala zoothixo bamaGrike. Akukho mntu ulivayo ngenxa yokuba alivumba.

Wonke umntu uyamgatya ngenxa yobukho bakhe obuphazamisayo obufanisa ukungabi nantoni, ukungabi nalutho ... Kwaye nangona kunjalo, ingqiqo yeGrenouille yokuvumba iyakwazi yonke into, ukudibanisa ivumba elikhupha ubomi, uthando, ukufa, kunye nemiphumo yakhe yokugqibela.

Ukusuka kwintlupheko awazalelwa kuyo, eshiywe ekunyamekelweni kwezinye iimonki, uJean-Baptiste Grenouille ulwa nemeko yakhe kwaye unyuke izikhundla zentlalo, waba ngumqambi odumileyo. Wenza iziqholo ezikwaziyo ukumenza ukuba angaqatshelwa okanye akhuthaze uvelwano, uthando, uvelwano... Ukuze afumane ezi fomula zibalaseleyo kufuneka abulale amantombazana aselula anyulu, afumane ulwelo lwawo lwemizimba kwaye anyibilikise ivumba lawo. Ubugcisa bakhe buba yinto ephezulu kwaye iphazamisayo yezandla. UPatrick Süskind, othe waba yincutshe kwi-ironic yendalo, udlulisela umbono omuncu kunye nodanongo lomntu kwincwadi ezele bubulumko obunukayo, intelekelelo kunye nobumnandi obukhulu. Ukucenga kwakhe kuhambelana nomlingiswa wakhe kwaye usinika ukuntywiliselwa okubhaliweyo kumnyama wendalo wevumba kunye nenzonzobila ephazamisayo yomoya womntu.

Ihlabathi elonwabileyo

I-Dystopia njengengxabano yinto esondeleyo kuncwadi kwintelekelelo yokugxekwa kwentlalontle kuphela intsomi enokujongana nokusibeka sonke silumke. Ukusukela oko ihlabathi lethu libunjwe ukuba libe luluntu olumiselwe ngokungqongqo, emva kweNguqu yezoShishino, indlela efihlakeleyo yokwahlulwa iye yahlengahlengiswa ngokuchanekileyo malunga nophuhliso lwedemokhrasi njengelona xabiso liphezulu. Ukuba idemokhrasi sele iyinto encinci yeenkqubo zentlalo, xa amafu amnyama aphazamisayo e-dystopianism ebonakala, izinto ziba mbi kwaye inxalenye yegama elithi "demos" igqwetheke ngokupheleleyo.

Ngaphaya kwe-Utopia kaThomas More apho kuvela khona le ngcamango ichaseneyo kamva, u-Huxley wayengowokuqala ukujonga into enokwenzeka, eyona nto inokwenzeka ukuba amandla anyanzeliswa ekoyiseni ngeyona ndlela inobuqhophololo, exabiseke kakhulu ngamaxesha. Isiphumo yinoveli esoloko iyimfuneko, isandulela sika-1984 ngo Orwell okanye iFama yeziLwanyana ngumbhali omnye.

Ukuba nguvulindlela kumanqaku. Kwaye ngayo yonke intsimi ecacileyo ku-Huxley, ihlabathi lakhe elitsha elinesibindi yinoveli yeenoveli ze-dystopian, umsebenzi obalulekileyo kwisingqisho sayo kodwa kunye nemvelaphi ephawulweyo.

Imfazwe noxolo

Enyanisweni, umsebenzi onzima ukuba wawukhe wabakho. Kodwa yiloo nto malunga nayo, akunjalo? Xa sifunda inoveli elungileyo, inxalenye yethu inqwenela ukuba ingasoze iphele, okanye yiloo nto esiyivayo xa sityhila iphepha lokugqibela. Kwaye xa oku kusenzeka, xa umsebenzi uqhubeka ubusuku emva kobusuku bokufunda, kunye nokonwabela ingqondo ephantse ibe yi-orgasmic (andazi ukuba oku kugqibela kukuchasana okupheleleyo), siyakhalaza malunga nokuba lide kangakanani...

Ewe, amakhulu namakhulu amaphepha abonakala enzulu ngakumbi xa ungekaqalisi ukufunda. Nje ukuba iyelenqe lisendaweni, lisenza ukuba siphile kuloo epic ejongana nayo yonke into ukusuka kwimbali ukuya kwekhoyo. Mhlawumbi inyani yokuba ekuqaleni yachazwa njengomsebenzi ngezavenge inika ubuni bayo obukhethekileyo njengomsebenzi ohlukeneyo, i-mosaic engalindelekanga kunye nomlingo womlingo osenza ukuba siphengulule iinkcukacha kwaye ngequbuliso usikhuphe elubala ukuze sikwazi ukubona yonke into. equlathe yonke into ithatha njengoko sithatha imbono ethe kratya ngeziganeko zembali kunye nabantu.

Ipapashwe ngazavenge kwiphephancwadi i<em>The Russian Messenger phakathi ko-1865 no-1867 yaye ikwimo yencwadi ngo-1869, iMfazwe noXolo ayizange iyeke ukubangela ukubhideka ngexesha layo kwaza ke, ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje, iinzame ezinzulu zokuchaza. Abalinganiswa abaphambili benza umfanekiso omele i-aristocracy yaseRashiya ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XNUMX. UTolstoy unxibelelanisa ii-avatars zakhe ngexesha leeMfazwe zeNapoleonic kwezo zamanani embali kunye nezo zabantu abaqhelekileyo, ezibandakanya i-epic kunye nekhaya, uluntu kunye nobudlelwane obusondeleyo, ngokufuthi kwiimbono ezingalindelekanga: kungekuphela nje loo myalelo uphezulu ngokuchasene noko. yocwangco, kodwa naleyo yentombazana eneminyaka emithandathu ubudala... okanye eyehashe.