Uncwadi lwaseJapan luneembono ezimbini ezahlukeneyo. Ukusuka ngaphandle sifumana UMurakami kumfuziselo wayo kwaye siyawaqonda awandulelayo kawabata o UKenzaburo Oé. Nangona kunjalo, ebalini lakhe elithelekelelwayo, kwiintsomi zabanganyangekiyo Mishima o Akutagawa bangabaphembeleli abanamandla ngakumbi kunala akhankanywe apha ngasentla. Kwaye ezi zimbini zokugqibela zixabiswa ngakumbi ngoncwadi lwabo olungqongqo ngamanye amaxesha ngabafundi baseNtshona.
Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, impumelelo yamazwe ngamazwe, kunye namabhaso ayo amakhulu, akufuneki ukuba ihambelane noko kuqatshelwa kwilizwe layo, isoloko ixhomekeke kwizinto ezahlukeneyo ngenxa yendlela enkulu yomlinganiswa kwinkalo yayo esondeleyo. Yanyamalala ngowe-1927 ineminyaka engamashumi amathathu ubudala, yaye ubukhulu becala uAkutagawa wayelima uhlobo lwamabali amafutshane. Amabali amafutshane aneengcambu ezomeleleyo kwithandwayo ewazizisa ngamxhelo mnye ukuqondwa koncwadi lwaseJapan.
Umbono wakhe othile unika imvakalelo yokudakumba, ukumiselwa kwangaphambili kwabalinganiswa bakhe. Kwaye ke iimeko ezithile zombhali zigqithiselwe emsebenzini wakhe njengomfanekiso we Edgar Allan Poe Elinye icala lehlabathi. Umbhali wahluke kakhulu, ngokuyinxenye ngenxa yokungalingani kwengqondo yakhe, kangangokuba wacebisa imigca yeplanti ye-avant-garde eyafikelela kwi-cinema ngebali elinomdla njenge URashomon.
Iincwadi ezi-3 eziPhakanyisiweyo ezi-Akutagawa
IKAIKI. Iimbali zokoyikiswa nobudenge
Kude kube kukwaziswa kweembono zamaTshayina ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, isiJapan yayilulwimi oluthethwayo olwalungenakubhalwa. Ngokuqinisekileyo, lilizwe elinenkcubeko ebanzi neyona indala ngomlomo. I-monogataru yayingumsebenzi wokubalisa amabali ngomlomo kwaye phakathi kwabo bonke, iintandokazi zamaJapan, eziye zadlulela ngaphaya kwemida yazo, zizinto ezingaphaya kwendalo nezothusayo.
Kolu qokelelo, umfundi uya kukonwabela ukukhethwa kwamabali apholileyo, amabali aza kusirhuqela kwilizwe elizele ziintsomi, iintsomi zamandulo neenkolelo. Indawo ekude ne exotic apho abemi bayo bahlala nenkolelo enzulu yokuba kukho iintlobo ezininzi zezilo, ezicingayo nezinyaniweyo, ezifihliweyo phakathi kwethu.
Ukusuka kwi-hermm emangalisayo egcina iintloko zamaxhoba abo kulutsha oluphawulwe ngekamva elixela isiphelo esibi kwiinqanawa abazikhweleyo, ezi ntsomi ziya kuhamba kumqobo omncinci owahlula umhlaba wokwenene kwimbali yasentsomini. Phakathi kwamaphepha ayo, sinokubona ukubaluleka kolwandle kwinkolelo yelizwe elenziwe ngaphezu kweziqithi ezingamawaka amathathu okanye ubumnyama obufihlwe yinkqubela phambili enje ngeemovie.
Ngalo lonke ixesha ngaphandle kokulibala ukuntsokotha kwesimo sengqondo saseJapan, esinomdla onokuba yinto eyoyikisayo. Lungiselela ukonwabela iintsomi ezilishumi elinambini eziza kwenza ukuba iinwele zakho zime ekugqibeleni. Ukufundwa okubalulekileyo kubo bonke abalandeli beenoveli ze-gothic kunye nezoyikisayo.
Ubomi besidenge kunye nezinye izivumo
Ukusuka kwimbono egqwethekileyo yesazisi sika-Akutagawa, le ncwadi iveza ukuba imvakalelo yokuvuma izono iguqulwe kuncwadi njengonyango olungenakwenzeka, njengokuqonda ukoyiswa ebusweni besifo ekucingelwa ukuba siso kuphela isiphelo.
«Andisenamandla okubhala kwakhona. Ukuphila nale mvakalelo ayinakuchazeka. Akakho umntu ondenzela inceba yokufika andithule cwaka ndilele? "
La mazwi abuhlungu aphuma kwipeni yomntu ongcungcuthekiswayo, ejongene nenzonzobila yobukho obuyekile ukuba nengqiqo. Kwiminyaka yakhe yokugqibela yobomi, Akutagawa Ryūnosuke wayephethwe ziingcinga ezingekhoyo, wayengakwazi ukunyamezela ukukhanya kwelanga, kwaye wayengakwazi ukulala ngaphandle koncedo lweepilisi zokulala. Ubomi besidenge kunye nezinye izivumo sisitshixo sengqondo yombhali we «URashomon». Ngamabali afakwe kule ncwadi kunokwenzeka ukuba ulandele amanyathelo obomi bakhe obufutshane kodwa obunamandla: i-autobiographical brushstrokes, ukukhulula ukuzithemba, ubuqhetseba beZen, ii-aphorisms ezintle ...
URashomon kunye nezinye iiakhawunti zembali
Phantse bonke ababhali baseJapan ngamaxesha athile bajonga loo mbono wembali odityaniswe nengqikelelo enamandla yaseJapan, apho amasiko amaninzi kunye nezimo zengqondo zibambelela kuyo yonke indlela yokuziphatha yentlalo yaba bantu ivela. Ukufumanisa iindlela ezintsha zokunxibelelana nale idiosyncrasy yangoku, unetyala kakhulu kwilifa lenkcubeko eliqokelelwe kwiinkulungwane, kusivusa kuvelwano olugcwele iisimboli ukuba, ewe, i-Akutagawa inoxanduva lokukhubazeka ukuya kwinqanaba lokuqhekeka.
Amabali ama-5 angashicilelwanga. "URashomon" usisa kwinkulungwane ye-XNUMX eJapan, ilizwe elihlaselwe yimfazwe, indlala kunye nokuphelelwa lithemba, indawo egqibeleleyo apho ubunzima obuphazamisayo bobukho babantu buboniswa kumfundi ngenkohlakalo engekho ngaphandle kobuhle.
U-Akutagawa udlulile kwimida yexesha kunye nendawo kwaye uzinzile ngokwakhe kwimbali yoncwadi lwehlabathi njengomnye wabaphathi abakhulu bebali. Italente yakhe ebalaseleyo yokubalisa, isitayile sakhe esinobunkunkqele nenobuhle, ubuntununtunu obugqithisileyo kunye nokukwazi kwakhe ukutyhila ezona zinto zimnyama nezintsonkothileyo kwindalo yomntu ziyenza imisebenzi yakhe ibe ziigugu ezingapheliyo kwaye ziphakamise umbhali wakhe kudidi lobungqondi boonobumba.
