I-Teruel ikhona kwaye ababhali bayo badlula. Imizekelo efana naleyo ye Javier Sierra o Sebastian Roa balatha kwelo phondo laseAragon. Nge Javier Sierra isiqingatha sehlabathi sonwabela iimfihlakalo zalo ngezizathu zembali. Kwimeko kaRoa, kunye ne Historia njengesondlo, siyawonwabela umbono wemfazwe ephawula zonke iintlobo zeziganeko zembali.
Amayelenqe amnandi phakathi kongquzulwano lwemimandla, lwenkolo okanye lwentlalo; izicwangciso zangaphambi kwemfazwe kunye nokulwa ngesandla ngesandla. Ubundlobongela buphinda buchaze ixesha lethu elidlulileyo xa imida ixhomekeke kubudlelwane obutsha begazi, izigqibo zezopolitiko ezinomdla ngakumbi kunye nolunye uhlobo lwe-arbitrary olunokufumana kuphela ukulungiswa kobulungisa bekrele. Singayifumana yonke le nto kunye nokunye okuninzi kwi-bibliography kaSebastián Roa eyandisa ngokuyilayo.
Iinoveli ezi-3 eziphezulu ezicetyiswayo nguSebastián Roa
Nemesis
Ukungabikho kokusesikweni kwenziwa yiAthene. IAthene yaphembelela imvukelo nxamnye namaPersi yaza yafumba iinkuni zokubasa umlilo owawugquba isixeko ngesixeko. UmAthene owakhanyisa ilangatye yayinguAmeninias wase-Eleusis. Yiyo loo nto neAtene imele itshiswe. Yiyo loo nto uAmeniyas kufuneka afe.
Ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX BC C. Artemisia waseCaria ngumfazi okhethekileyo. Ekugqibeleni kumnombo wakhe, uHalicarnassus ulawula kwaye uyalele eyakhe inqanawa yemfazwe, iNemesis. Ukuphakama kwakhe egunyeni kuye kwaba yinto emnandi: umlilo, uloyiko, ukutyunyuzwa kunye nobukhoboka kwashukumisa isixeko sakhe kunye nomnombo wakhe, kuphawula ikamva lakhe. Injongo yakhe ayilula: ukuhlangula igama lentsapho yakhe kwaye aphakamise okulungileyo phezu kobubi, okulungileyo kunobubi, inyaniso phezu kobuxoki.
Umele afumane umenzi-bubi: umatiloshe waseAthene ohamba ngesikhephe esingendawo esinetrireme emnyama, iTauros. Nokuba kufuneka ajamelane nezaqhwithi, zitshonise iinqanawa zesiqingatha saseGrisi aze atshise iAthene ngokwayo. Oko kuya kumthabatha kwi-labyrinth yeziqithi kunye namazibuko awela uLwandle lwe-Aegean, kwaye afumanise ukuba unawo na amandla kunye nomnqweno wokuzalisekisa uthumo lwakhe. Kwaye bonke phantsi kwesoyikiso semfazwe ezayo phakathi kwamaPersi namaGrike.
URoa ubuyela kwimbali enomdla yeemfazwe zonyango, kude kube ngoku kukho ookumkani abanjengoLeonidas, amaqhinga afana neThemistocles okanye iinjengele ezifana noMardonio okanye uPausanias, kodwa akazange aphinde abe ngumfazi wokwenyani, onoburhalarhume nokrelekrele, ngamanye amaxesha eluthandweni, umqhubi wenqanawa ongoyikiyo owaba ngulo mfazi. uloyiko lwamaGrike. Ngengxoxo noHerodotus, u-Artemisia uza kusixelela ngobomi bakhe okoko waba nguzwilakhe weHalicarnassus kwaye wayesele eza kutshintsha imbali yaseNtshona.
Umkhosi kaThixo
Simi kumbindi weAlmohad Trilogy. Kule nxalenye ephambili yolu ngcelele, sonwabela ukusetwa kwesisa kunye nophuhliso lweploti olunomtsalane.
Unyaka we-1174. Ubukhosi be-Almohad, bomelezwa emva kokulawula yonke i-Al-Andalus, ilungiselela ukusungula imikhosi yayo emikhulu kwizikumkani zamaKristu ezahluliweyo, abemi bayo abaya kubanyanzela ukuba baguqukele kwiSilamsi phantsi kwesohlwayo sokubeka ikrele okanye ukubenza amakhoboka. . Ejongene nenzondelelo yempambano yaseAfrika, uKumkani uAlfonso waseCastile uzama ukuzuza ulungelelwaniso oloyisa iingxabano phakathi kwamaKristu kwaye lukhokelele kumanyano ngokuchasene notshaba olufanayo.
En Umkhosi kaThixo, iyelenqe lenkanuko, iyelenqe, imfazwe namabhongo zithungelana ngobuchule. Ukhuphiswano oluqhubekayo phakathi kookumkani baseLeón kunye noCastilla, bencediswa ngokulandelelana ziintsapho ezinamandla zikaCastro kunye noLara, ziya kuhluzwa ngokungenelela komfazi omhle nonobuqhetseba, u-Urraca López de Haro, kunye nokuhamba emthunzini kaKumkanikazi u-Eleanor Plantagenet. Kumda we-Islam, i-Christian Ordoño de Aza iya kuzifumana ibanjwe phakathi kobudlelwane bakhe kunye ne-Andalusian, u-Ibn Sanadid, kunye nomdla owavuswa kuye nguSafiyya, intombi kaKumkani Wolf kunye nomfazi we-Almohad inkosana uYaqub.
Iintshaba zaseSparta
UPromachus noVeleka bayathandana. Kodwa ke yena ungowabantu abaqhelekileyo. Akukho nto banokuyenza ngaphandle kokubaleka bekhangela abantu baseSparta, abo uPromachus abathandayo kakhulu. Xa umlo waseSpartan onekratshi wathimba uVeleka, uPromachus wenza isifungo sokumhlangula nokuba kufuneka amkhangele entliziyweni yeSparta uqobo. Kodwa ukujongana nomkhosi wakhe onamandla liphupha elingenakwenzeka. Okanye mhlawumbi akunjalo. EAthene, iqaqobana labathinjwa lenza iyelenqe. Epaminondas, Pelópidas, Agarista, Plato… Ngamnye uyachukunyiswa zizizathu zabo, kodwa bonke babelana nenjongo enye: ukubuyisela idemokhrasi ehluthwe yiSparta.
Ezinye iincwadi ezicetyiswa nguSebastián Roa…
Ngaphandle komphefumlo. Isenzo sikaSimon de Montfort
IiGestas kukho ngaphezu kwamaqhawe aziwayo. Kufuneka nje uzivumele ukuba uthathwe kukuthotywa kombhali-mbali okwaziyo ukusihlangula amabali asishiya sithe cwaka...
1206. Emva kweminyaka emithathu kwintolongo yasentlango yaseSyria, uSimon de Montfort ubuyela eNormandy. Kodwa ixabiso lenkululeko libe kukulahlwa komphefumlo wakhe, uthumo lwesenzo esibi esineziphumo eziya kumkhathaza ngaphaya kobomi, ngonaphakade.
Elangazelela ukufikelela kwikhaya lakhe elithobekileyo, uSimon uhamba kwihlabathi elihendayo, nelitshintshayo de adibane nomfazi wakhe onyulu, u-Alix de Montmorency, kunye nekhaya ekubonakala ngathi lelakhe. Ithamsanqa elibi, ukuzisola, ukuwa kobabalo kunye nemfazwe esondele phakathi kweFransi neNgilane itshona nzulu uSimón kunye no-Alix yonke imihla.
Nangona ikamva lakhe lingayikunyamalala kwimbali, kodwa liza kuqaqamba ekulweni noqhekeko. Ngaloo ndlela, ukufuna intlawulelo kuya kubasusa eNormandy ukuya kumazantsi eFransi, kwilizwe elizaliswe ziziphithiphithi, ugonyamelo nokuqhekeka konqulo. Kwibutho labantu elahluleleneyo, elihlwayelwe yintiyo enkulu kangangokuba kulindeleke isivuno esikhulu seentlungu nokufa. Kwimfazwe apho uSimón de Montfort kuya kufuneka ajongane nenkosi engoyiswayo.
USimón de Montfort, othelekiseka neCid kumsebenzi wakhe womkhosi oqaqambileyo, ngumzekelo wamaxesha aphakathi wegorha elikhulu kunye nomphathi osebenzayo, ngaphandle kwayo yonke into etshabhiswayo yimbali, kwaye ebizwa ngokuba yinzondelelo yempambano kunye negazi.
