Iincwadi ezi-3 ezilungileyo zikaDaniel Kahneman

Akukho mathandabuzo ukuba amabhongo yeyona nto iqhuba uqoqosho. Ukuba inkululeko yezoqoqosho inikezela ngehlabathi kwiqela labangcakazi abadlala ngemali ngelixa ungenelelo longenelelo lunokugqibela ngokuthanda obona bukomanisi bobuxoki, nabo. Kuyinxalenye yendalo yomntu, okanye ubuncinci isizathu, ukusondela kolona bushushu bushushu kakhulu. Ngeli xesha, ulonwabo kwinqanaba lomntu ngakumbi lufana nokukhangela i-Ithaca yethu ngexesha lohambo lwayo i-psychology ihlalutya oko sigqibe kwelokuba sikufezekise. Kwaye ngokwandayo imathiriyeli ithatha ubukhulu besiqithi ekuphela kwento enokwenzeka ukoyisa.

Isayikholojisti UDaniel kahneman Uye waba ngumhambisi wenkunzi yemacro kunye ne-microeconomic, ebonwa ngokukodwa kuloo prism yengqondo ejikeleze yonke into, ukusuka ekuthengweni kwezabelo kwiimarike zesitokhwe ukuya kwisigqibo sedeporant yethu kwivenkile esekoneni. Kwaye kukutsala olona nyango lulungileyo UFreudian yonke into yomntu iphela iqhagamshela kwiidrive ezingalindelekanga ...

Uqoqosho luyindibaniselwano yezigqibo kunye nokuziphatha kwabantu. Ukusuka kwintelekelelo ukuya ekuhlawuleni irhafu, ukuya kwiingcinga ezinje ngokusetyenziswa okanye ukoneliseka njengabathengi. Ufezekisile ibhaso lakhe elingaqhelekanga Ibhaso likaNobel kuQoqosho Ukuba sisayikholojisti, indlela acinga ngayo phakathi kwamacandelo ohlukeneyo yehle yeza kuthi ngeencwadi ezahlukeneyo.

Iincwadi ezi-3 eziphezulu eziCetyiswayo nguDaniel Kahneman

Cinga ngokukhawuleza, cinga kancinci

En Cinga ngokukhawuleza, cinga kancinciImpumelelo yamazwe aphesheya, uKahneman usinika umbono oguqukayo kwingqondo kwaye ucacisa iinkqubo ezimbini ezibumba indlela esicinga ngayo. Inkqubo 1 iyakhawuleza, inomdla, kwaye inemvakalelo, ngelixa inkqubo yesi-2 icotha, ineengxoxo, kwaye inengqondo. U-Kahneman ubhengeza amandla angaqhelekanga (kunye neempazamo kunye nokukhetha) zokucinga ngokukhawuleza, etyhila impembelelo engapheliyo yempembelelo enomdla ekucingeni nasekuziphatheni kwethu.

Impembelelo yokuphulukana nelahleko kunye nokuzithemba okuthe kratya kwizicwangciso zeshishini, ubunzima bokuqikelela ukuba yintoni eya kusenza sonwabe kwikamva, umceli mngeni wokwenza ngokufanelekileyo ubungozi emsebenzini nasekhaya, isiphumo esinzulu sokhetho lokuqonda ngayo yonke into esiyenzayo, ekudlaleni imarike yemasheya xa kucwangciswa ikhefu; Konke oku kunokuqondwa kuphela xa sikuqonda ukusebenza ngokudibeneyo kwezi nkqubo zimbini xa kusenziwa izigqibo zethu kunye nezigqibo.

Ngokubandakanya umfundi ekuboniseni ubomi ngendlela esicinga ngayo, uKahneman utyhila ukuba sinako nini kwaye asinakuthembela kubuchwephesha bethu, kunye nendlela esinokufumana ngayo izibonelelo zokucinga kancinci. Ukongeza, inika iimfundiso ezisebenzayo nezikhanyisayo malunga nendlela izigqibo ezenziwa ngayo kubomi bobuchwephesha okanye bobuqu, kunye nendlela esinokuthi sisebenzise iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuzikhusela kusilelo lwengqondo olusibangela iingxaki. Cinga ngokukhawuleza, cinga kancinci iyakuguqula ngonaphakade indlela esicinga ngayo malunga nendlela esicinga ngayo.

Ingxolo: Ukusilela kuMgwebo waBantu

Oogqirha ababini kwisixeko esinye banokunika izigulo ezahlukeneyo kwizigulana ezifanayo; Iijaji ezimbini zinokukhupha izigwebo ezahlukeneyo zolwaphulo-mthetho olufanayo; nathi ngokwethu singagqiba ngento enye okanye enye kuxhomekeke ekubeni kukusa okanye yimva kwemini, nokuba lixesha lokutya okanye hayi. Le yimizekelo yengxolo: umkhethe othwala ukwahluka kwimigwebo ekufuneka ilingane.

Ingxolo ikhona kuzo zonke izigqibo ezizezomntu kunye kunye, kwaye ivelisa iimpazamo kwiindawo ezingenakubalwa, ukusuka kunyango kuye kuqoqosho, ngomthetho, ezempilo, ukhuseleko lwabantwana kunye nokugaya abantu. Ukongeza, iyasikhathaza kwaye iyasiphembelela xa sisenza izigqibo zethu zemihla ngemihla.

UDaniel Kahneman, esinye sezifundo zengqondo eziphambili kwihlabathi, kunye noCass R. Sunstein no-Olivier Sibony, iinkokheli ezimbini zehlabathi ekucingeni ngobuchule, basifundisa ukumamela loo ngxolo, ifuthe laso esihlala silikhathalele, silinciphise ukuphucula izigwebo zethu. Ngokusekwe kuhlobo olufanayo lohlalutyo olunengqiqo kunye nemizekelo enobukrelekrele eyenze ukuba Cinga ngokukhawuleza, Cinga ngokuthe chu umthengisi ogqwesileyo kwilizwe liphela, iRuido ibonelela ngothotho lweendlela zokuqala, ezisebenzayo nezilula zokucinga okungcono.

Ukulahlekiswa kwempumelelo

Ubungqina buyaphazamisa: Uninzi lwamanyathelo amakhulu eshishini awahlawuli. Ngokwengcali yezoqoqosho, ukusebenza gwenxa sisiphumo esingenakuphepheka seenkampani ezithatha umngcipheko wobulumko kwiimeko ezingaqinisekanga. Nangona kunjalo, emva kokuyihlalutya kwisayikholoji, ababhali bajonga ukuba oku kusilela sisiphumo sokwenza izigqibo ngokusekwe kwithemba elikhohlisayo kunokuba kuvavanywe ngokusengqiqweni kwinzuzo, ilahleko kunye namathuba.

Ukunyanzelwa kwengqondo kunye noxinzelelo lombutho olwenza ukuba oku kube nethemba kugqithise, kodwa iimpembelelo zazo zinokuncitshiswa. Ngokuncedisa iinkqubo zokuxela ngokwesiko nohlalutyo lwamanyathelo okuqala agqityiweyo, abaphathi banokuqonda ngokuchanekileyo isiphumo seprojekthi. Olo "jongo lwangaphandle" yindawo yokuhlambela eyonyusa amathuba okuba inkampani iqale utyalomali oluyingozi lwexesha nemali.