E-Ginzburg sifumana ixabiso lokusabela kwisincoko sangoku kumphakamo we Noam Chomsky. Kuphela kulapho eGinzburg sonwabela ukubalisa ngeenjongo zoncwadi. Ngemvelaphi yembali engenakuphikiswa, iGinzburg isinika imbono ekwimo yemosaic yenguquko yomntu esuka kwimibono elula ehambelanayo njengoko ityebisa.
Yonke into evakalayo ikhomba kwintsomi kunenyani. Kuba ayizizo zonke iimbali ezisemthethweni ezichaza oko kuhlangulwe yiGinzburg. Kodwa ngokuchanekileyo ekuhonjisweni ngenqaku le-novelistic, elihlala lisikelwe ngokugqibeleleyo ngumxholo wexesha ngalinye, sonwabela umbono obanzi kunemibhalo nje ebekwe emnyama kumhlophe kuba uThixo uyazi ukuba yintoni anomdla kuyo.
Imbali idla ngokuba ngumbandela wokholo. Iincwadi zikaGinzburg zingumbandela nje wovelwano, uvelwano olunentsingiselo eqinisekileyo. Kuba zonke iziganeko ezikhulu amaxesha amaninzi ziye zishiye iinkcukacha ezincinci ezigubungela yonke into ukwenza imihla yangaphambili isondele kwizinto zokwenene ekuza kuqondwe kuzo ngcono ngakumbi ngokweziphi iinyaniso.
Iincwadi ezi-3 eziphambili zikaCarlo Ginzburg
itshizi kunye neNtshulube
Nkqu Kwaye kunjalo iyashukuma UGalileo Galilei wayenabanduleli bakhe. Ukujongana neNkundla Yokuncina Amakholwa yayingesosidlo esinencasa kuye nabani na owayesazi ukuthanda imililo yebhon, iplanga kunye nezinye izinto zokonwabisa abantu abadakumbileyo abangayekiyo. Ingongoma ikukuba kule ncwadi sifumana omnye wabo bangaphambi kwexesha lakhe kwanangaphambi kwabo bangaphambili kumaxesha azayo. Ibali elikhethekileyo njengoko linika umdla...
Emantla eItali, ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-XNUMX. I-Ofisi Engcwele ityhola umsila, uDomenico Scandella, lowo wonke umntu ambiza ngokuba nguMenocchio, ngobuwexuki. Ummangalelwa ugcina ukuba ihlabathi livela "kwisiphithiphithi" apho "kwavela ubunzima, njengoko itshizi yenziwe ngobisi, kwaye kuyo kwenziwa iintshulube, kwaye ezi yayizingelosi." Kuzo zonke iinkqubo ezimbini zokuncinwa, i-cosmogony ekhethekileyo yomtyholwa ichasene ngenkani naleyo yabo bamncinayo.
Ukuqala kuhlalutyo lweenkolelo zikaMenocchio ―ekugqibeleni wafunyaniswa enetyala kwaye wagwetywa ukuba atshiswe esibondeni― kunye neerekhodi zenkundla yetyala, uCarlo Ginzburg wakha kwakhona kolu hlobo lwangoku isiqwenga sento ebizwa ngokuba “yinkcubeko ethandwayo” ― egwetyiweyo ngokubanzi njenge, kwi-ostracism-emiyo, ngenxa yobunye bayo, njengophawu lwexesha layo kunye nohlobo lwekhonkco elilahlekileyo kwihlabathi elimnyama, elingenakufane lifane neli langoku, kodwa apho ngandlel 'ithile sinetyala.
Umsonto kunye nemikhondo. Obunyani, obubuxoki, obuyintsomi
Inyaniso inokuba yi-synthesis kuphela. Kwaye indlela yokufumanisa ukuba i-alchemy yenyaniso inokuvela kuphela kwi-crucible apho yonke into yomntu ilahlwa khona. Isiphumo sisijelo esichulumancisayo sempembelelo phakathi kwentsomi, imfihlakalo, inzululwazi, ingqiqo kunye nengqiqo. Inyani kunye nentsomi, i-subjectivism ezinikele ekuzalisekeni kwenjongo. Iphupha lesizathu livelisa izilo. Kodwa kufuneka uhlale nabo ukuba ufuna ukuqiniseka ...
Ukuphonononga ubudlelwane obuninzi phakathi kwenyaniso yembali, ubuxoki kunye nentsomi, uCarlo Ginzburg uphonononga imixholo engafaniyo: amaJuda asuka eMenorca naseBrazilian cannibals, iishamans kunye nabarhwebi bakudala, uthando lwamaxesha aphakathi, iiProtocol zabadala baseZiyon, ukufota nokufa kukaVoltaire, Stendhal, Flaubert, Auerbach, Kracauer, Montaigne. Ngokuchasene nomkhwa wokuthandabuza kwasemva kwexesha lokufiphalisa umda phakathi kwamabali angeyonyani kunye namabali embali, umbhali ujongana nolu budlelwane njengengxabano yokumelwa kobunyani, impixano eyenziwe yimingeni, iimali-mboleko ezibuyiselanayo, kunye nokuxutywa.
Amehlo amakhulu eplanga: Iimpawu ezisithoba kumgama
Kwimpixano ecacileyo neyona nto imfamekisayo ethnocentrism. Indawo ethuthuzelayo yobuntu kukuqatshelwa kobuqu njengento engenakoyiswa. Ihlabathi lincitshiswe kwisizwe kunye neekhonto zelizwe lalo. Ngaphandle kokudityaniswa kwehlabathi, i-drive ye-reductio ad absurdum ibonakala ikhula. Uhambo nolwazi lwezinye iindawo lusenokungasenzeli ngcono kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo lunokusenza silumke, kungekhona kakhulu ngabanye, kodwa malunga neyona nto ilungileyo esinokuba yiyo ngokuhlala sihlala kwindawo esihlala kuyo.
Kule ncwadi uCarlo Ginzburg uphanda, ngokweembono ezahlukeneyo, ingqondo kunye nokuziphatha, ukwakhiwa kunye nokonakalisa amandla okuncothula kunye nomgama. Kutheni le nto isithethe eside sichatshazelwa kukujongwa komntu wasemzini (okhohlakeleyo, womlimi, wesilwanyana) amandla okutyhila ubuxoki boluntu? Kutheni le nto isimbo sisetyenziswe kwiimeko ezininzi ukuquka okanye ukukhuphela ngaphandle okwahlukileyo ngokwenkcubeko? Amehlo amakhulu omthi asinika iimbono ezintsha kuyo yonke le nto nakwihlabathi, elikufutshane nelikude kuthi.
