Ukuqhubekeka sisuka kude kwifilosofi njengombandela wokufunda kunye ne-wardrobe ekhoyo, ubukhulu becala kunokuba yinto enomdla ukusondela kuncwadi olumda kulo naluphi na ulwazi lwe-metaphysical njengendlela yokusombulula ububi obutsha ngaphezulu kwebali uncedo. Yile nto a NguBungung-chul han izincoko zakhe zobulumko ezihambahamba ehlabathini.
Akunyanzelekanga ukuba ibe ngumcimbi wokunikezela kwiingalo zika nietzsche. Asikuko ukuba umzamo wokusikhanyisela nge-clairvoyance kufuneka ujongane nempendulo yeyona mibuzo inzulu. Ngumcimbi nje wokuba nomdla kwinto enokusahlukanisa, isahlukanise nentando yethu kuloo ngqokelela yolwazi, amasiko, amasiko kunye neepatheni zesiqhelo. i-Ad hoc.
Ukuchaneka kwethu ngoku kwihlabathi, ngeenethiwekhi zokuncokola, kusenza sibe njengamabanjwa aphantsi kovavanyo rhoqo. Ukugcina amaphepha akho ukuze wakhe ukhuselo lwakho kubalulekile ekufumaneni inkululeko. Ngenxa yokuba umahluko phakathi koluntu kunye nomntu, kuvela i-trompe l'oeil esidibanisa sonke kubuxoki okanye ubuncinane kwiipateni zokulinganisa eziphikisanayo. Ulonwabo zizinto eziphathekayo kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni na, umsebenzi ufanele ube ngumthombo wolonwabo. Wonke umntu ukhetha ukuzazi kwaye kufuneka ube kuyo, mmi...
Iincwadi ezi-3 eziPhakanyisiweyo zikaByun-Chul Han
Uluntu lokudinwa
U-Byung-Chul Han, elinye lawona mazwi efilosofi anokuvela eJamani kutshanje, uqinisekisa kulo mthengisi ungalindelwanga, ushicilelo lwakhe lokuqala lwathengiswa kwiiveki nje ezimbalwa, ukuba uluntu lwaseNtshona lutshintsha ngeparadigm: kukhokelela kuluntu lokudinwa. Njengoluntu lwase-Foucauldian oluleko luvelise izaphuli-mthetho kunye nabantu abaphambeneyo, uluntu oluqulunqe isiqubulo esithi Ewe Sinako ukuvelisa abantu abadiniweyo, abangaphumeleliyo nabadandathekileyo. Ngokomlobi, ukuxhathisa kunokwenzeka kuphela ngokunxulumene nokunyanzelwa kwangaphandle.
Ukuxhaphaza umntu ophantsi kwakhe kubi kakhulu kunangaphandle, kuba kuyanceda ukuziva ukhululekile. Le ndlela yokuxhaphaza ikwanokusebenza ngakumbi kwaye inemveliso kuba umntu uthatha isigqibo ngokuzithandela ukuba azisebenzisele ukudinwa. Namhlanje, siswele nguzwilakhe okanye ikumkani ephikisana nokuthi Hayi. Ngale ndlela, isebenza njenge-Indignaos, ngu-Stéphane Hessel, ayiloncedo olukhulu, kuba le nkqubo ngokwayo iyanyamalala umntu anokujongana nayo.
Kunzima kakhulu ukuvukela xa ixhoba kunye nomxhomi, ukuxhaphaza nokuxhaphaza, ingumntu omnye. UHan uthi ifilosofi kufuneka iphumle kwaye ibe ngumdlalo onemveliso, okhokelela kwiziphumo ezitsha ngokupheleleyo, zokuba abantu baseNtshona kufuneka bayeke iikhonsepthi ezinje ngokuvela, ubukrelekrele, kunye nendalo kwasekuqaleni kwaye bafune ukuguquguquka okukhulu ekucingeni: 'sonke kufuneka sidlale ngakumbi kwaye ukusebenza kancinci, emva koko sinokuvelisa ngaphezulu. '
Okanye ngaba yinto nje eyenzeka ngengozi ukuba amaTshayina, ekuvela kubo kwaye ubukrelekrele bawo ingamagama angaziwayo, banoxanduva phantse lwento yonke eyenziweyo-ukusuka kwipasta ukuya kwizithambo zomlilo-ezishiye uphawu lwazo eNtshona? Nangona kunjalo, oku kuyaqhubeka kumbhali into engenakufikeleleka kuluntu apho wonke umntu, nkqu nesigqeba esihlawulelwayo, esebenza njengamakhoboka, ebeka ixesha lokuzonwabisa ngokungapheliyo.
Ukunyamalala kwezithethe
Zihlekise ngokwahlukana okukhuthazwe kukufika kweNguquko yoShishino kunye nokuzaliswa yiChaplin. Lo mbandela ukhule ngobunkunkqele kwaye ukuphazamiseka kwenkqubo kubandakanya neyona ingalindelekanga. Akukho xesha lokuchitha, umatshini uhlala elambile.
Izithethe, njengezenzo ezingumfuziselo, zenza uluntu ngaphandle konxibelelwano, kuba zimiselwe njengabakhombisi abathi, ngaphandle kokuhambisa nantoni na, vumela uluntu ukuba luziqaphele iimpawu zazo zesazisi kuzo. Nangona kunjalo, eyona nto iphambili kunxibelelwano ngaphandle koluntu, kuba kuye kwakho ukulahleka kwezithethe zentlalo.
Kwihlabathi langoku, apho ukunyanzeliswa konxibelelwano kubalulekile, amasiko athathwa njengokuphelelwa lixesha kunye nesithintelo esinokuhanjiswa. Ku-Byung-Chul Han, ukunyamalala kwakhe okuqhubekayo kukhokelela kukhukuliso loluntu kunye nokudideka komntu. Kule ncwadi, amasiko enza imvelaphi eyahlukileyo esebenza ukubonisa imida yoluntu lwethu. Yiyo ke loo nto, uluhlu lokuzalwa kwakhe lunyanzelisiwe ngelixa eqonda indlela yangoku kwaye, ngaphezulu kwako konke, ukhukhuliseko olubandakanya oku.
Akukho-Zinto: Ukutshatyalaliswa kweLizwe lanamhlanje
Ukucinga okuqinisekileyo nokulungisa unxibelelwano apho thina njengabantu sizintywilisela kwizinto ezingabonakaliyo. Ulwakhiwo olunamandla, i-Matrix, indalo yomntu njengobukrelekrele bokwenziwa obusilawula kancinci kancinci, ngokungenakuguqulwa. Inyani iyatshatyalaliswa kwaye iziganeko ziyaguquka, aziyonyani...
Namhlanje, umhlaba ukhutshiwe zizinto kwaye uzaliswe lulwazi oluphazamisayo njengamazwi angenanto. Ukufakwa kwidijithali kukuzikhupha emzimbeni kwaye kugqibe umhlaba. Endaweni yokugcina iinkumbulo, sigcina isixa esikhulu sedatha. Imithombo yeendaba yedijithali ke ingena endaweni yenkumbulo, umsebenzi wabo abawenzayo ngaphandle kobundlobongela okanye umgudu omkhulu.
Ulwazi luchanekile ngeziganeko. Iyonwabela kukhuthazo lokumangaliswa. Kodwa le ayihlali xesha lide. Siva ngokukhawuleza isidingo sentshukumisa entsha, kwaye siyakuqhela ukubona inyani njengomthombo ongapheliyo wezi. Njengabazingeli bolwazi, siba ziimfama kwizinto ezizolileyo nezingabonakaliyo, nkqu nesiqhelekileyo, esincinci, kunye nesiqhelekileyo, ezingasikhuthaziyo, kodwa zisiqinise kubukho.
Isincoko esitsha sika-Byung-Chul Han sijikeleza izinto kunye nezinto ezingezizo. Iphuhlisa zombini ifilosofi ye efowuni njengokugxekwa kobukrelekrele bokuzenzela obuvela kumbono omtsha. Kwangelo xesha, ubuyisela umlingo kwizinto eziqinileyo kunye neziphathekayo kwaye ubonakalisa ukuthula okulahlekileyo kwingxolo yolwazi.
