Xa umbhali-mbali ethatha isigqibo sokubhala iinoveli zembali, iimpikiswano ziya kufikelela kubunzulu. Yimeko ye UJose Luis Corral, Umbhali waseAragon ozinikezela kakhulu kuhlobo lweentsomi, ezitshintsha neempapasho ezifundisayo nje kuphela njengomphengululi ochubekileyo wommandla wakhe. Malunga nama-20 eenoveli sele exabisekile ngulo mbhali okhethekileyo kumaxesha aphakathi kodwa okwaziyo ukuzincama kuyo nayiphi na enye imeko yembali yendalo iphela.
Obona buhle bubalaseleyo bukaJosé Luis Corral kukukwazi kwakhe ukubhala imbali xa kufuneka kwaye amele iintsomi okanye amabali angaphakathi afakwe kumxholo wokwenyani. Ukuthanda oko umntu akwenzayo, incasa yoko umntu akuqeqeshelwe kuko kunokukhokelela kobo bugcisa boncwadi phakathi kokufundisa nokuzonwabisa, mhlawumbi yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuhlanganisa into ekufuneka ibe yiyo nayiphi na inoveli yembali ezihloniphayo.
Yomelele emva koko ikhutshiwe kwaye ikhutshiwe kwiindawo zayo. Umbhali okwazi ukubonisa imbali njengebali elinomdla labalinganiswa, iimeko, izigqibo, uguquko, inkqubela phambili kunye nokuzibandakanya, iinkolelo kunye nesayensi. Imbali lulungelelwaniso olungazinzanga lokudlula komntu kweli lizwe. Ungayithandi njani inkcaso yolu hlobo.
UJosé Luis Corral unikezela kwinoveli nganye entsha ukuzibophelela kwimbali-mlando, olo hlobo lokuziqhelanisa nokuziqhelanisa, lwenziwe lwangqinelana nayo yonke le nto ngenjongo yokufundisa eza ngakumbi kwisingqisho esiphilayo esivela kuso.
Iincwadana ezi-3 ezicetyiswayo nguJosé Luis Corral
mbulaleni ukumkani
Iprojekthi yaloo Spain yenkulungwane yeshumi elinesine phakathi kwezikumkani, iingingqi, uloyiso kunye nokuphinda kuthathelwe ingqalelo i-Iberian peninsula yokungazinzi kwezopolitiko (okanye endaweni yokungazinzi kwasebukhosini okanye okumangalisayo ngenxa yezopolitiko ngezo ntsuku zincinci). UJosé Luis Corral usisondeza kwixesha elikude kodwa apho yonke into iqala ukumila njengoko sisazi le terroir phakathi kweSpain nePortugal. Ukuba ewe, kwelo nqanaba ukuya kwixesha langoku, ukusuka kwiminyaka ephakathi ephantsi kusekho iziseko eziqinileyo zesakhiwo, kwakusekho ilaphu elininzi lokusikwa. Njengesampulu, nceda le noveli ngesaziso esiqhubekayo...
1312. Imilambo yegazi ihamba kubukumkani baseCastilla y León emva kokusweleka kukaFernando IV, xa unyana wakhe kunye nendlalifa, uAlfonso XI, engekabi nanyaka ubudala. Ngelixa izihandiba kunye namalungu enkundla besilwa umlo owoyikekayo wokubamba itrone, nguMarÃa de Molina kuphela kunye noConstanza de Portugal, umakhulu nonina ka-Alfonso, abaya kumkhusela kwaye baluke iwebhu entsonkothileyo yamayelenqe kunye nobudlelwane ukugcina isithsaba esinqwenelwa ngumntu wonke. .
Le noveli iqala ngebhayoloji apho umbhali odumileyo kunye nombhali uJosé Luis Corral athetha ngolawulo luka-Alfonso XI uJusticero, kunye nolo lonyana wakhe uPedro I waseCastile the Cruel. Uthando olwalelweyo, izivumelwano ezinetyhefu, ukunxanelwa ubulungisa kunye namadoda akhohlakeleyo anika ubomi kweli bali linika umdla.
Igumbi legolide
Ukuphazamiseka kukanjingalwazi wenoveli kwenzeka ngale noveli enkulu apho umlinganiswa oyintloko, inkwenkwana egama linguJuan, esikhokela kuhambo olunomdla olutyhutyha iYurophu kumaXesha Aphakathi. Amava kaJuan ahlanganiswe nenyani yeYurophu ezaliswe ziinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo ezizele ubutyebi kodwa ezibophelele kungquzulwano njengeyona ndlela yobudlelwane kuphela.
Ulwazi lombhali ngeempawu ezinkulu kunye nezona zingaziwayo zamaqela athile ezizwe kunye nabanye zisebenza ekutyebiseni iyelenqe apho uJuan eqhubela phambili, ekwazile ukubaleka ikamva lakhe elibulalayo njengekhoboka. Ukusuka e-Ukraine ukuya e-Istanbul, eGenoa okanye eZaragoza, uhambo oluhle lokuqonda ii-enigmas zayizolo ezisindayo njengeechoes zanamhlanje.
Ugqirha ongumqhekeki
Inzululwazi kunye nenkolo. Izindululo ezibhekisa kulwazi olusengqiqweni kunye neenkolelo zezithunzi, isohlwayo kunye nokuyeka emsebenzini. Amanyathelo athile oluntu afumana ukungqubana phakathi kwezulu, isayensi kunye nesihogo, umxube onzima okwaziyo ukudonsa abaqhekeki kwimililo ehlangulayo.
UHlaziyo lobuProtestanti lwalusongela ikamva lobuKristu. Into yokugqibela eyayifunwa ngamakholwa kumacala omabini yayikukuba inzululwazi kunye nenkqubela phambili yayo ifumane ukutsalwa ngokuthembekileyo ngakumbi. Kodwa abo baye bafumanisa ukukhanya okungako kwinzululwazi bavakalelwa kukuba kwakufuneka bayibhence eyona nyaniso yokwenene, enoba kunjani na. UMiguel Servetus wayesisazinzulu esinenkani. Ukubulawa kwakhe kwavala i-echo yakhe, kodwa akuzange kube nelizwi lakhe.
Ezinye iincwadi ezicetyiswa nguJosé Luis Corral…
I-Austrias. Ixesha ezandleni zakho
Lo Inoveli kaJosé Luis Corral wazazisa njenge Ukuqhubekeka kwenqwelomoya yakhe edumileyo yeXhalanga. Ngokuchasene nale nto ihlala iqhubeka, ndiyithandile le nxalenye yesibini nangaphezulu kuneyokuqala.
UCharles I wathweswa isithsaba sokulawula uBukhosi ngelo xesha abeka isantya sehlabathi apho oomatiloshe baseYurophu babesaphupha ngeendawo ezintsha zokuthanga. IYurophu yayiliziko lamandla kwaye amanye amazwekazi ayetsalwa ngexesha labadwebi beemaphu belizwekazi elidala.
Kwelo hlabathi, inkosi enkulu yaseSpain yajamelana nazo zonke iintlobo zokuphazamiseka esele zisaziwa kwilifa elibhaliweyo leMbali. Kodwa uJosé Luis Corral, oyena mntu ubalaseleyo kubo bonke obo bungqina bembali, ngandlel 'ithile wenza ubuntu benkosi.
Ngaphandle kwezihloko kunye nokusesikweni, imihla, amaxwebhu asemthethweni kunye neengcaphuno ezikhuthazayo, uCarlos I waseSpain kunye no-V waseJamani (njengoko besixelelwa njalo esikolweni) wayekwangunyana ongenakoyiswa (ngaphezulu kokuphambana) uJuana kwaye waphela Ukutshata nomzala wakhe u-Isabel de Portugal.
Nditsho konke oku kuba iMbali ikwashiya oyena mntu, weemvakalelo zikakumkani, zendlela yakhe yokuziphatha nokuphuhlisa. Ukwazi uCarlos I ngaphaya kwamanqwanqwa akhe angokwembali kufanele ukuba kube ngumsebenzi omnandi kumbhali-mbali, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo uJosé Luis Corral uyakube eyazi indlela yokubamba "indlela yokuba" ehamba phakathi kwazo zonke iintlobo zobungqina bexesha, ukucacisa ngcono ukuba ilingana neziganeko kunye neemeko zolawulo lweminyaka engama-40 apho asombulula khona ukungavisisani okanye wabakhokelela emfazweni.
Ngamafutshane, I-Austrias. Ixesha ezandleni zakhoInoveli yajika yaba yingxelo epheleleyo yeminyaka yokuqala yomlawuli, ngesandla salo titshala ubalaseleyo kunye nengcali yezembali kunye namabali ayo ...
isithsaba segazi
Isithsaba seGazi sisihlomelo sesibini kwibiology eyaqala ngoBulala iKumkani. Zombini ezi noveli zibalisa ngeziganeko ezenzeke kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesine, eyona ikhohlakeleyo neyeyona inobundlobongela kwimbali yaseSpain, kwaye ifikelela incopho yayo yokugqibela-neyona kumkani iphikisanayo: uPedro I waseCastile.
Xa uAlfonso XI, uKumkani waseCastile noLeón, esifa ngenxa yesibetho esimnyama ngexesha lokungqingwa kweGibraltar, ubukumkani buyinkedama, kunye nemida esongelwayo kunye nezityalo ezitshabalalisayo. Kuya kuba ngelo xesha apho unyana wakhe uPedro, oneminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu ubudala nonxanelwe ngamandla igunya, oye wahlala yedwa kwaye ebekelwa bucala enkundleni, uya kuthweswa isithsaba njengokumkani.
Etyhalwa ngumnqweno wokuziphindezela kukanina, uMarÃa de Portugal, kwaye esoyikiswa yinkangeleko emdaka yomntakwabo, u-Enrique de Trastámara, uPedro ndiya kubangela igagasi lobundlobongela, intiyo kunye nokubulawa kwabantu okuya kumisela ikamva lezikumkani. UCastile noLeon, iPortugal kunye neGranada kunye nesithsaba saseAragon. Ulawulo lwakhe luya kuqhubeka nokungcatshwa, umanyano kunye neemfazwe, ezivezwa ngumona, uthando olungavumelekanga, isini kunye nezinto ezifihlakeleyo eziwela iindonga zebhotwe kwaye ziphawulwe ngonaphakade ngeli xesha njengelinye lamagazi kwimbali yethu.
Lo mbhali umhle. Uyakwazi ukukuntywilisela ezantsi kumabali kunye namahla-ndinyuka exesha kunye nabalinganiswa abaphindayo. Ndinomdla kwiinoveli zembali kwaye ngoku ndigqibezela i-El Conquistador. Kunconywe kakhulu, njengeLos Austrias, inani likaThixo kunye nezinye iinoveli ezininzi endizifundileyo. Isifundo sam esilandelayo: Bulala uKumkani.
Umbhali ocetyiswa kakhulu. Akukho xesha okanye imali echithwayo ngokufunda kwayo okumnandi nokubhalwe kakuhle . Makhe sibone ukuba uyabuganga na ukubhala ngo-Eleanor wase-Aquitaine, kuba andizifumani iincwadi malunga nalo mlinganiswa unomtsalane.
Funda u-Aquitaine. Isixelela ngeminyaka yokuqala ka-Eleanor wase-Aquitaine kwaye waphumelela ibhaso leplanethi. Ndicinga ukuba igama lombhali nguEva GarcÃa Sáenz de Urturi. Le noveli inika umdla