Kutshanje kuphume i ivolumu epheleleyo, Zonke zikwenye ye UDashiell hammett eya kuvuyisa bonke abafundi abafumene kumbhali waseMelika e Umbhali obalaseleyo wohlobo lwantlandlolo lwenoveli, olo luvele kuncwadi oludumileyo kunye nokuhanjiswa kwefanzine Ukuphelisa ukuguqula isingeniso kwisini esimnyama.
Kufanelekile ukucaphula abanye njengoko Raymond Chandler. Ngamnye ukusuka kwimveliso yabo yokuyila kunye nesitayile sabo baphela bekhulisa uhlobo olungathandekiyo ngephupha elihlumayo laseMelika kuncwadi olukhulu kunye nezigidi zabafundi kwihlabathi liphela. Umjelo uyaqhubeka unanamhla, ufikelela kwinqanaba lolona hlobo luthengisa kakhulu amashumi eminyaka kunye namashumi eminyaka.
Into ecacileyo yile UHammett wayenguvulindlela. Incwadana yakhe yokuqala eyapapashwa ngo-1929, eneminyaka engama-34 ubudala, sele ikhombe kulowo mkhwa unqamlene nohlobo lwamapolisa olusulungekileyo, olunemida echazwe kakuhle phakathi kokulungileyo nokubi, ukujongana namacebo angacacanga kwaye adidayo, kunye nabachasi behlaselwa ziidemon zabo. Ngokukodwa, iintlungu zabo kunye neempazamo zabo kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zibonakala ngathi zinikezela ebubini, njengoYesu Krestu omtsha esamkela izilingo zikaMtyholi.
Kungenzeka ukuba kwaba bantu baphikisanayo nabanobuntu ngakumbi, benomsebenzi wokuphanda kodwa bekwazi ukugqitha kwezona ndawo zingcolileyo eluntwini, babambe abafundi kuqala kubilisiwe kwaye kamva kwiinoveli ezichazwe nzulu ngakumbi kodwa ezigcina iingxoxo kwaye Imiboniso ecacileyo yobundlobongela kunye nezesondo.
Ukoyikeka kuncwadi lwanikezelwa okokuqala kuncwadi. Leyo incasa ye-macabre, yecala elimnyama lomntu, elikhangela enzonzobileni ekucingelwa ukuba luhlobo lwe-catharsis yoncwadi engena kubagxeki nakwabafundi.
Uhlobo olumnyama luya kuhlala lunamatyala kuHammett, umbhali wokuqala okwaziyo ukubalisa malunga nezithunzi zomntu kuluntu kwaye ngubani owafumana indawo yokuzalela egqibeleleyo phakathi kweengxaki ze-30s e-United States nakwihlabathi jikelele. Ukuzinikela kwakhe kuncwadi kwakungelokuzinikela ngokupheleleyo. Ngapha koko, akazange anikezele ishumi leminyaka kubomi obucinezelweyo ukuya kowona mgangatho uphezulu. Mhlawumbi wayeka ukubhala xa ezinye izinto zobomi zayitsala ingqalelo yakhe ngakumbi.
Iinoveli ezicetyiswayo nguDashiell Hammett
I-Falcon yaseMalta
Sizifumana sinenoveli yesibini kaHammett. Umsebenzi apho kuqulunqwe ibali leepali ezichaseneyo. Usizi xa kuthelekiswa nombono.
UHammett wabonakala ekwazi ukuyamkela yonke loo nto, isidingo sokugxekwa ngokuqatha ngokwenyani egazini, kunye nokuzimisela okuncinci ukutshintsha izinto. Kodwa ngaphandle kweyona njongo inzulu, iyelenqe liqhubela umfundi ukuba enze isiphithiphithi.
Imifanekiso eqingqiweyo ye-falcon, oyena mntu ubalulekileyo weeKnights ze-Order yaseMalta, iba yinto yomnqweno wembali wamaqela ahlukeneyo. Yintoni umntu akwaziyo ukuyenzela iisimboli zamandla. Iminqweno ephakanyisiweyo kunye nogonyamelo. Ii-Adventures zigcwele umngcipheko kunye nokubaluleka okuqinisekileyo.
USam Spade, umcuphi omkhulu kaHammett, akalususi olo luqwalaselo lomntu njengohlobo oluthile oluxhomekeke kubo bonke ubutshaba ukuze kufikelelwe esiphelweni. KwiHammett i-cinema kungekudala yafumana iqabane elikhulu. Zombini ezi inoveli kunye nezinye zatsiba kwindawo enkulu ezandleni zabalawuli abakhulu kunye nabadlali abadumileyo.
Isiqalekiso seDain
Kule noveli, ngesenzo esingangxami njengangaphambili, uHammett uthatha ithuba lokuzihlaziya kunye nabalinganiswa. Kungenxa yokuba uHammett waba sisiphathamandla kobo bugcisa bokubaluleka.
Ukufunda le noveli ungabona umlinganiswa ophambili, intsini yakhe, ngaphandle kokuba umbhali eyichazile. Ngale ndlela yonke inoveli iqhubela phambili ngamandla amakhulu kunye novelwano. KuHammett, oku kubonakaliswa komntu oshukunyiswe yimeko yezentlalo egwenxa ngakumbi kwaye i-decadent ngokubanzi ibalulekile.
Umntu obulalayo kaGabrielle Dain ujikeleza emhlabeni njengesibetho esijike sangumntu. Ukufa kubonakala kumlandela ngokusondeleyo kwaye linoxanduva lokususa nabani na owela umendo wakhe. Kodwa oko kufa kunamaqhinga kunye nesicwangciso. Ukuyifumana kukhokelela umfundi ekucingeni nzulu.
Isivuno esibomvu
Incwadana yokuqala kaHammett yavela ngokuthe ngqo kwi-hard-abilisiwe, eyayinoncwadi olunomdla, olwaluthandeka phakathi kweeshelfu ezikhutshwe ngabathengisi beencwadi okanye ngokuthe ngqo kwimicimbi yemagazini.
Ngamanye amagama, mhlawumbi uhlobo olumnyama luya kuba nencwadi yalo yokuqala enkulu kwiRed Harvest ngaphandle kwezakhiwo. Ibali lizisa kwi-Personville (okanye i-Poisonville, njengoko umlinganiswa ophambili eyibiza njalo, umphandi wafika kwisixeko esoyikeka kuye).
Kweso sixeko esimnyama esinamalahle, imiphefumlo yabamelwane baso ibonakala idayiwe ngeso siphumo sezimbiwa. Ke, xa ububi buvunjululwa ePersonville, kuye kufika ixesha apho wena mfundi ungasazi ukuba ngubani ombi, amalungu emigulukudu yolwaphulo-mthetho okanye abo baphantsi kokhuseleko lomthetho baqhutywa bubundlobongela obulula nokungakhathalelwa kwabantu ngokupheleleyo.
