Ngokuqinisekileyo uGoya ngumbhali weoyile. Oko ubukrelekrele beAragonese bukwazileyo ukukubamba kwimizobo yakhe namhlanje iba yinto ekonwabisayo, phakathi kukaDon Quixote kunye nezibane zeBohemian.
Imalunga nembali yaseSpain evela kwilungelo elikhethekileyo lomdali, onezandla kunye neebrashi ezihambisa iimvakalelo kwaye zivuse umbukeli wenkulungwane ye-XNUMX okanye yama-XNUMX.
Xa ingekho malunga nokuqamba okungafunekiyo kobukhulu obukhulu, sifumana iGoya yamabali, yemikrolo njengexesha lokungafi elenzelwe ukutyeba.
Kwaye ixesha ngalinye lokuyila lishiya olo tshintsho, lweemvakalelo eziguqukayo ezisongayo ngokweemeko. Umzobo waseSpain ngokukhanya kwawo nobumnyama, ngokuqaqamba kwawo kunye neziphene zawo ukusuka kutshintsho phakathi kwenkulungwane ye-XNUMX neye-XNUMX.
Akumangalisi ke ngoko, ukuba inomdla kanjani le ncwadi Umzobo wokugqibela kaGoya ubonakala kum, ngeenjongo zawo zokubonelela ngemizobo yomnye wabadali bendalo iphela, ngakumbi ukukwazi kwayo ukuhlanganisa kwaye ihlale igcina ushicilelo lomntu indalo yobugcisa.
Isishwankathelo: Ngexesha elide lesiphithiphithi esiphawule ukutsiba kwenkulungwane phakathi kwenkulungwane ye-XNUMX neye-XNUMX eSpain, ngexesha lezidubedube zopolitiko kunye neemfazwe zelizwe, uFrancisco de Goya kwafuneka aziphilise njengomzobi wenkundla, esenza imifanekiso yosapho kunye nobukhosi. Kodwa owona mfanekiso ubaluleke kakhulu usenokungabi yiyo nayiphi na, kodwa eyona nto ingummangaliso awayenzayo kwimizobo yakhe kunye nemizobo yakhe, ukuya kwinqanaba lokupeyinta ubuso obothusayo nobukhathazekileyo bexesha lakhe.
Umzobo wokugqibela kaGoya Iphefumlelwe ngeziqendu ezahlukeneyo kubomi begcisa. Oko kukuthi, ngokuthetha, uthotho lweengxoxo ezinomxholo ophakamileyo we-iconographic, i-antithesis ye "xesha elihlekisayo." Ababhali, bephendula ubuchule bukaGoya bokuyila kunye nokucacisa okumangalisayo, zoba umzobo womzobi ombeka ngexesha lakhe engayeki ukumbonisa kuthi njengendoda ethetha nathi ukusukela ngoku, ngokungathi ebezazi iingxaki zethu zangoku. , ezinje ukuba bendilipeyintile ikamva
Ungayithenga ngoku le ncwadi Umzobo wokugqibela kaGoya, kaJohn Berger noNella Bielski, apha: