Iinoveli ezimfutshane ezili-10 ezigqwesileyo

Hayi lifutshane njengebali okanye libanzi njengenoveli. Iinoveli ezimfutshane zinokufaka ezona ntlobo zibalaseleyo zokubalisa amabali. Ubungakanani obufanelekileyo bokufunda kuloliwe okanye ukuhlala ekhaya. I-Brevity ifashini, luphawu lwamaxesha. I-Noveletas, i-novelles okanye i-novelette, imfutshane kodwa ilungile kabini kumaxesha amaninzi.

Into enzima kukuseka umahluko, ukubeka umgangatho apho ibali liba libali okanye inoveli. Ngenxa yokuba ukuba ngaba nge-paging, kunye nefomathi yencwadi ngokwayo, izinto zomlingo ziyahluka ... Ngoko, ngenxa yokungaqiniseki ngokubhekiselele kubukhulu, sinokukhomba ekuphuhlisweni kwesakhiwo njengento yokwahlula kolu hlobo lwencwadi.

Kodwa kunjalo, sikwangena kumhlaba ongaqondakaliyo apho. Yintoni esicinga ukuba sitsibele kuyo inoveli ukusuka ebalini okanye kwibali? Ngokungathandabuzekiyo, i-capitulation eyimfuneko ukwahlula imiboniso ikhomba kumacala amabini ukuya kwinoveli emfutshane. Kwelinye icala, injongo yombhali ngokwakhe. Kwelinye icala, ubume bebali eliguqukayo kwaye lenze abalinganiswa balo batyhutyhe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, elitshintsha indawo okanye eliqikelelwayo kwingqikelelo entsha.

Ingongoma kukuba nangona kungekho mntu ukhomba kwinkcazo engqongqo, sonke siyayazi indlela yokwahlula. Kwaye xa sigqiba enye yezi ncwadi zincinci sishiywe kunye nencasa yebali elipheleleyo, kunye nesiqalo salo, umbindi walo kunye nesiphelo salo esihambelanayo ngokwaneleyo ukuba siphinde siphinde siphinde siphinde sicinge ihlabathi elitsha elinokuhlalwa kwimvelaphi yalo kunye neyona ndlela ichazayo. Ndiyakumema ukuba ufumane ezinye ze eyona noveli imfutshane idumileyo...

Iinoveli ezimfutshane ezi-10 ezicetyiswayo

Uvukelo lwasefama George Orwell

Ibali lezilwanyana ezingezozilwanyana. Okanye ewe, kuxhomekeke kwindlela ofuna ukuyibona ngayo. Kaloku i-double readings yile inayo, ukuba zithungelwe kakuhle macala omabini esikweko zikwazi ukufika nemiyalezo eyahlukeneyo.

Le satire kwiNguqulelo yaseRashiya kunye noloyiso lweStalinism, eyabhalwa ngo-1945, iye yaba yinto ephawulekayo kwinkcubeko yangoku kunye neyona ncwadi ibuhlungu kakhulu kwixesha lonke. Xa sijongene nokukhula kwezilwanyana zaseManor Farm, ngokukhawuleza safumanisa imbewu yobuzwilakhe kwintlangano ebonakala ifanelekile; nakwezona nkokeli zethu zinobuntu, isithunzi sabona bacinezeli bakhohlakeleyo.

Ukugwetywa kwebutho labantu abangoozwilakhe, bothuswe ngokuqaqambileyo yintsomi engumzekeliso. Izilwanyana ezikwifama kaJones zivukela abantu bazo kwaye ziboyise. Kodwa imvukelo iya kuphelelwa, njengoko kuvela iingxabano namakhwele, kwaye inxenye inxulumana neenkosi ezibhukuqayo, bengcatsha oko bakuko, nokulungelwa kodidi lwabo.

Nangona uvukelo lwaseFama lwakhawulwa njengentlombe ekhohlakeleyo yeStalinism, umlinganiswa wendalo yonke womyalezo wayo wenza le ncwadi ibe lucazululo olungaqhelekanga lorhwaphilizo oluveliswa ngamandla, idiatribe enomsindo ngokuchasene nobunyani balo naluphi na uhlobo, kunye novavanyo olucacileyo lokukhohlisa inyaniso yembali. ingena ngamaxesha enguqu kwezopolitiko.

Uvukelo efama

Ukuveliswa kweMorel

Kwizandla ezingcono, i-fantasy igubungela yonke into, idlula ingcamango kwaye ifikelela kwihlabathi lethu njengesityhilelo malunga namacandelo ayenzayo. Amandla asizalisayo, uthando, ioksijini, ixesha. Amacandelo ayo yonke into kwaye akukho nto yeRobinsons ephukelwa yinqanawa yonke imihla kwiziqithi ezingacingelwanga.

Imbacu exhatshazwa kokusesikweni ifika ngephenyane elibhexwayo ukuya kwisiqithi esiyinkqantosi apho kume khona izakhiwo ezishiyiweyo. Kodwa ngenye imini, laa ndoda ililolo yaziva ngathi ayisenasithukuthezi, kuba kuye kwavela abanye abantu kwesi siqithi.

Uyababukela, abantlola, alandele ekhondweni labo aze azame ukuzothusa iincoko zabo. Leyo yindawo yokuqala yemfihlakalo, ukuguquka okuqhubekayo ukusuka kwinyani ukuya kwi-hallucination, nto leyo encinci ikhokelela umbaleki ekucaciseni yonke into entsonkothileyo.

Le ncwadi inokuthelekiswa, ngokwayo, nawona mabali agqibeleleyo ka-Edgar Allan Poe. Iyelenqe layo elikrelekrele, elisetyenziswe ngobulumko kwaye, ngaphezu kwako konke, intsusa encomekayo yombono apho isenzo sijikeleza khona, yenze i-Morel's Invention yaba yenye yemisebenzi yobugcisa engenakuphikiswa yoncwadi oluyintsomi.

Ukuveliswa kweMorel

Isiqingatha se-viscount

IViscount Demediado yeyokuqala ka-Italo Calvino ukungena kwizinto ezintle nezimangalisayo. UCalvino ubalisa ibali leViscount yaseTeralba, eyahlulahlulwe kubini nge-cannon evela eTurkey kwaye isiqingatha sayo saqhubeka sihlala ngokwahlukileyo.

Uphawu lwemeko yomntu eyahluleleneyo, uMedardo de Terralba uphuma ahambe ngelizwe lakhe. Njengoko idlula, amapere ajinga emithini abonakala ecandeke phakathi. "Yonke intlanganiso yabantu ababini emhlabeni iyaqhekeka," itsho isiqingatha esibi se-viscount kumfazi athe wathandana naye. Kodwa ngaba siqinisekile ukuba sisiqingatha esibi? Le ntsomi ibalaseleyo iphakamisa ukukhangelwa komntu ngokupheleleyo, odla ngokwenziwa ngento engaphezu kwesiqingatha sesiqingatha sayo.

Isiqingatha se-viscount

INkosana encinci

Njengoko ubona, ndidlula kwizafobe ezingapheliyo okanye ezinokwenzeka ezizezeko ezinikezelwa yinoveli emfutshane. Kuba iinoveli ezimfutshane zihamba ngokugqibeleleyo naloo mdlalo phakathi kweenyani kunye neengqikelelo ezivela kwinto eyenzekayo.

Intsomi eyintsomi kunye nebali lefilosofi elibuza malunga nobudlelwane bomntu nommelwane wakhe kunye nehlabathi, Inkosana encinci Ugxininise, ngobulula obumangalisayo, ukucinga rhoqo kukaSaint-Exupéry ngobuhlobo, uthando, uxanduva kunye nentsingiselo yobomi.

Ndahlala ngolu hlobo, ndedwa, kungekho mntu ndithetha naye ngenene, de ndafumana uqhekeko kwintlango yaseSahara kwiminyaka emithandathu eyadlulayo. Kukho into eyophukileyo kwi-injini yam. Yaye ekubeni ndandingenaye umkhandi okanye abantu ababekhwele nam, ndaqalisa ukulungisa izinto ezinzima ndedwa. Kum, yayingumbandela wobomi nokufa. Ndandinamanzi iintsuku ezisibhozo kuphela.

Kubusuku bokuqala ndalala phezu kwesanti kumgama oziikhilomitha eziliwaka ukusuka kuwo nawuphi na umhlaba omiweyo. Wayeyedwa kakhulu kunomntu olahlwe kwisihlenga esisembindini wolwandle. Khawufan’ ucinge, ngoko, ukothuka kwam xa, ekuzeni kokusa, ilizwi elincinane elingaqhelekanga landivusa lisithi: -Nceda ... unditsalele itakane! -Hayi!? -Nditsalele itakane ...

Inkosana encinci

Ingxelo yokufa eyaxelwa kwangaphambili

Mhlawumbi kunjalo Ingxelo yokufa eyaxelwa kwangaphambili UGabriel García Márquez owona msebenzi "wokwenene", njengoko usekelwe kwisiganeko sembali esenzeka kwilizwe lombhali. Xa inoveli iqala, sele isaziwa ukuba abazalwana bakaVicario baya kumbulala uSantiago Nasar - eneneni, sele bembulele - ukuphindezela imbeko enomsindo kadadewabo u-Ángela, kodwa ibali liphela ngokuchanekileyo ngalo mzuzu xa iSantiago Nasar. uyafa .

Ixesha lomjikelo, elisetyenziswa nguGarcía Márquez kwimisebenzi yakhe, liphinda livela apha libole ngokucokisekileyo kwimizuzu yalo, ngokucocekileyo nangokuchanekileyo liphinde lakhiwe kwakhona ngumbalisi, onika ingxelo yento eyenzekileyo kwakudala, oqhubela phambili kwaye aphinde abuye emva kwakhe. ibali kwaye lize nasemva kwexesha elide lizokuxela ikamva lamaxhoba. Isenzo, kwangaxeshanye, siqokelelene kwaye sisobuqu, sicacile kwaye asicacanga, kwaye sibamba umfundi kwasekuqaleni, nokuba uyasazi isiphumo seploti. I-dialectic phakathi kwentsomi kunye nenyani iyaphuculwa apha, kwakhona, ngeprozi ehlawuliswa umdla kangangokuba iyiphakamisele kwimida yentsomi.

Ingxelo yokufa eyaxelwa kwangaphambili

Ukufa kukaIvan Ilyich

Umlinganiswa ozotywe nguTolstoy ngu-Iván Ilitch, umongameli weNkundla yeNdawo. Umbhali weencwadi upeyinta umhlaba ongasebenziyo kunye nenkcitho ka-Ivan kwaye wenza ukugxeka okukrakra kwi-aristocracy, awayeyazi ngokucokisekileyo. Le noveli ayibonisi nje ukoyikwa kukaTolstoy ngokufa, kodwa ityhila uvelwano olunzulu abathobekileyo nabacinezelekileyo abaphefumlela kuye.

Kule noveli kaTolstoy, ukugxekwa okuqinileyo kwenziwa kwi-bureaucracy, ekubeni, ukunyuka, kufuneka u-Ivan ayeke ukuhlala. Abahlobo bakhe abahlala kwiindawo ezisezantsi balindele ukufa kwakhe ukuze kuthathe indawo yakhe. Le ncwadi ibonisa ukuhlukaniswa kuka-Iván Ilyich, ugxininisa ngakumbi kumsebenzi wakhe kunentsapho yakhe. Umlinganiswa oyintloko sele efile ebomini xa ehlukanisiwe kwaye engaphili ubomi bobuntu, yiyo loo nto elahlekelwa kukoyika ukufa ... uyalinda.

Ukufa kukaIvan Ilyich

Ukufa eVenice

Ibali lomphefumlo ophelileyo, okwaziyo ukusinda kuphela kwi-artifice, efumanisa ngokukhawuleza ubuhle obuzenzekelayo obuzibonakalisa ngaphandle komzamo kwaye ngaphandle kokungabaza kumfanekiso womntwana osemtsha. UMann wabhala lo msebenzi ngendlela ye-mosaic, echanekileyo, ecokisekileyo kwaye eqaqambileyo ngaxeshanye, kwaye echaza ngokufanelekileyo ukutshona kwelanga kunye nemeko yokufa yeVenice enemibala.

Ipapashwe ngo-1914, Ukufa eVenice yayiyinoveli esisiseko ukomeleza udumo lwayo UThomas Mann, eyathi ngowe-1929 yafumana i Ibhaso leNobel kuNcwadi, egqalwa njengomnye wabantu abaphambili kuncwadi lwaseYurophu lwanamhlanje.

Ukufa eVenice

Igatsby enkulu

Ukufunda uFitzgerald akukho lula. Kukho nabo bayigatyayo ngokuthe ngqo. Kodwa le noveli incinci inento ethile, ekhokelela kuDorian Grey obambekayo… Ngubani uGatsby, umlinganiswa onika igama lakhe kwenye yeentsomi ezidalwe yinoveli yenkulungwane yama-XNUMX? Uyimfihlakalo, indoda eyazakhela yona kwaye yenza itheko elikhulu ukuphumelela uDaisy Buchanan, owayekhe wamthanda.

Sikwiminyaka yamashumi amabini, eNew York, kwaye uGatsby wenza amatheko kwindlwana yakhe entle yaseLong Island apho oyena mtsalane untsokothileyo ingumnini wendlu, usozigidi onokuba ngumbulali okanye intlola, inkwenkwe engenanto iye yajika. isisityebi, igorha elibuhlungu elitshatyalaliswayo njengoko lisondela ephupheni lakhe: ukubuyiswa kwakhona kwentanda yakhe.

Kufuphi nentliziyo yasendle

Ngokusondeleyo kwintliziyo yasendle ngumzamo wokwakha i-biography kaJoana ukususela ebuntwaneni ukuya ekukhuleni, ukukhangela inyaniso yangaphakathi, ukufunda ubunzima bobudlelwane bomntu, ukuzama ukulibala ukufa, ukufa kukayise, uJoana ongasoze avume.

Akukho mntu uthandabuzayo namhlanje ukuba umsebenzi kaClarice Lispector, ngeli xesha lethu, ungomnye wamava anzulu okuvakalisa imixholo esongamelayo: ukuthula kunye nomnqweno wokunxibelelana, ubulolo kwihlabathi apho unxibelelwano olungeyonyani lusintywilisela ekusweleni, imeko yabasetyhini kwihlabathi elenziwe ngamadoda ...

Umsebenzi wewotshi o-Orenji ngu-Anthony Burgess

Inoveli egqithileyo kwaye ibuhlungu njengoko inzulu kwimiba ayisoloko iphandwa kwibali eliqhelekileyo. I-Psychopathy kunye nekhono, okanye i-coincidence egqwesileyo yenkokeli ye-psychopathic ekwazi ukwenza eyona minqweno yakhe imbi, inkolo, ngakumbi ngaloo mihla yobutsha apho nayiphi na ingcamango inokuba yinto enhle, kwanobundlobongela kubundlobongela.

Ibali lika-nadsat Alex kunye nabahlobo bakhe abathathu beziyobisi kwihlabathi lenkohlakalo nentshabalalo. Ngokutsho kukaBurgess, uAlex “uneempawu ezibalaseleyo zobuntu; uthando lobundlongondlongo, uthando lolwimi, uthando lobuhle. Kodwa usemncinci kwaye akakakuqondi ukubaluleka kokwenene kwenkululeko, ayithandayo ngobundlobongela. Ngomqondo othile uhlala e-Eden, kwaye kuphela xa ewa (njengoko ngokwenene, ukusuka kwifestile) ubonakala ekwazi ukuba ngumntu oyinyaniso ».

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