I-invoyisi yoncwadi ukusuka kwindalo ukuya kupapasho, URoberto Calasso lelinye lawona mabali mahle ase-Italiya anegqala elingaphezulu UErri de Luca. Ngomoya wayo we-avant-garde osoloko, UCalasso utyelela rhoqo ukungahambelani kokomoyaUkurhoxa kunye nokuzilahla kwihlabathi ngenxa yakhe ngokuya efulathela umva kuyo yonke into ebalulekileyo yobuntu.
Ngaphandle kwamayelenqe akhe, kwimisebenzi yakhe uCalasso ubonelela ngokutshintsha okuguqukayo. Yiloo nto ke eyila mosaic yebibliyografi ngokubhekisele kwezona ngcinga zigqibeleleyo. Kwisincoko esimnandi esifihlayo kwinoveli, ngamanye amaxesha siqala ngoonobumba abohlukileyo okanye iindlela kunye nesiphelo okanye indawo ekude. Kuphela kukuhamba, iminqweno, iimeko ezihlalutyiweyo ukusuka kuloo mbono womsebenzi omkhulu wentlekele yakudala.
Emva kwesiqalo esincomekayo sokujikeleza isijikelezi kwilizwe lakudala (apho iCalasso ikonwabela ukuhlutha oothixo baseOlimpus abagqithisileyo), kancinci kancinci umbhali wagxila ngakumbi ekuhambeni kwayo yonke into kweli lizwe izele ngamathuba okanye ukumiselwa kwangaphambili, kuxhomekeke kubani Uyayijonga.
Imisebenzi emithathu ephezulu kakhulu kaRoberto Calasso
Umboniso ongafakwanga igama
Ihlabathi lanamhlanje lifikelele kwinqanaba elichanekileyo loluntu olungakholwayo, oluthembela kuluntu ngokwalo. IHomo saecularis yamkela imigaqo kodwa ingeyiyo imigaqo, iinkqubo kodwa hayi ukugwetywa. Uziva umntu kwaye wenza inkolo ngaphandle kobuThixo, esekwe kukuzinikela, ngaphandle kokunxulumene nokungabonakaliyo. Kutheni le nto kuqhambuka uhlobo lobunqolobi olubandakanya ukubulala okungahleliwe, apho amaxhoba angabakho nakubani na nje ukuba baninzi kangangoko? Mhlawumbi kungenxa yokuba, kwihlabathi elifana nanamhlanje, kuphela kukubulala okunika isiqinisekiso sentsingiselo. Utshaba lobunqolobi lwamaSilamsi, ke, ngumzimba woluntu lonke.
Ubunyani obungachazwayo bohlulwe ngamacandelo amabini ahlukeneyo: okokuqala, iCalasso yenza imbali emfutshane yemvelaphi yobunqolobi bamaSilamsi, kwaye yenza inkcazo ecacileyo, ecacileyo yehlabathi lethu langoku, "ubudala bokungahambelani", okanye, Kwimeko kaCalasso, ixesha «loluntu lovavanyo», abo manani okufundisa ayeyiBouvard kunye nePécuchet, ezo zidenge zibalaseleyo ezaqanjwa nguFlaubert, abathengi abaneenjongo ezintle zeemagazini kunye neencwadana ezithatha ulwazi olugqibeleleyo malunga nayo yonke into: ezinokuthi umntu azilandele, kwintsholongwane yakhe, into eza kubizwa ngokuba yi-intanethi ngenye imini.”
Kwaye, ngomnatha wedijithali ogubungela ihlabathi, ukudityaniswa kwentiyo yolamlo, kwiphupha lenyani ledemokhrasi ethe ngqo ebeka emngciphekweni inkqubo yenkqubo yepalamente. Inxalenye yesibini yingqokelela yeengcaphuno – ezivela kubabhali abafana noVirginia Woolf, uErnst Jünger noCéline okanye iingcingane ezifana noSimone Weil noWalter Benjamin, kodwa nakwiinkokeli zamaNazi ezifana neGoebbels – ezihlanganisa ixesha elisusela kwi-1933 ukuya kwi-1945: iminyaka. ngokuba ihlabathi lenze ilinge eliyimpumelelo lokuzitshabalalisa.
En Umboniso ongafakwanga igama, ICalasso yandisa imbonakalo ekhokelela kwiincwadi zakhe zamva, ngakumbi inkxalabo yakhe malunga neengozi ezisongela uluntu lwelizwe, elizibhiyozelayo lingayiboni inzonzobila evula ezinyaweni zayo. Kodwa, okwesihlandlo sokuqala, kulo mthamo umfutshane uCalasso ubeka ugxininiso kwihlabathi lanamhlanje, alibiza ngokuba "alunagama" - kubonisa ukuba ukuthembela kwethu kwilize kwinzululwazi neteknoloji akusincedi ukuba sazi into engqinelanayo necacileyo malunga nomhla wethu - kwaye ethi, nangona kunjalo, ibonakalise ngendlela ecacileyo, esebenzayo, ecacileyo. Kuthathe umkhondo weminyaka emininzi, iincwadi kunye nolwazi ukufikelela kwinkcazo emfutshane nenamandla yomzuzu esihlala kuwo kwaye singenakubonakala ngaphandle kobuqaqawuli.
Umzingeli weZulu
Ngenye imini eyadlula amawaka eminyaka, uHomo wenza into ekungekho mntu wakha wayizama: waqala walingisa ezinye izilwanyana, izidlakudla zakhe. Yile ndlela waba ngumzingeli ngayo. Olo suku lude kakhulu, namhlanje lukude, kodwa umkhondo walo uyaqhubeka, nangona kungekho mntu ubonakala enomdla wokuphanda ngawo. Amasiko kunye neentsomi zaxuba imikhwa yokuziphatha kunye nento eyayibizwa ngokuba yiGrisi yakudala ukuya kuthi: ubuThixo, budibene kakhulu nobungcwele nobungcwele. Iinkcubeko ezininzi, ezikude kwindawo kunye nexesha, zinxulunyaniswa nezi ziganeko zimangalisayo kunye neenkanuko kunye nommandla othile wezulu, phakathi kweSirius neOrion: indawo yeCelestial Hunter. Amabali abo aluka ilaphu lale ncwadi, kwaye akhazimle kumacala amaninzi: ukusuka kwiPaleolithic ukuya kumatshini wokuTuring, ngeGrisi nase-Egypt yamandulo, kunye nokuphonononga unxibelelwano oluninzi olufihlakeleyo ngaphakathi kommandla owahlukileyo kwaye ongenamda., Ingqondo.
Emva koko Ukutsha, Apho uCalasso waphanda ngecebo lamasiko aqhutywa zizo zonke iinkcubeko kunye neenkolo (kwaye- ukubonakala- kokunyamalala kwelixesha langoku akupheli ukuba nesandi esibuhlungu, njengoko watshoyo Ubunyani obungenamagama), Le ncwadi ibuyela kulungelelwaniso oluntsonkothileyo olunomdla lwenxalenye (enkulu) yelizwe lethu ukuba uhlengahlengiso kunye nobunzululwazi bushiye bucala.
Kutheni uZeus evumela umntakwabo uHadesi ukuba athimbe intombi yakhe uPerphonephone, kakhulu ekuphelelweni lithemba kukanina, uDemeter? Yintoni, ngasendleleni, yayiyintoni "ubusuku bokugqibela bukaZeus eMhlabeni"? Yintoni eyothusa uHerodotus ngoosiyazi base-Egypt kuhambo lwakhe lomNayile? Kutheni imbongi u-Ovid, owahlanganisa loo encyclopedia enkulu yeentsomi zamandulo ezi Imetamorphoses, Ngaba ukhathazekile ngokubhala ngento ebonakala ililize njengezinto zokuthambisa okanye ubugcisa bokuloba? Yintoni exhaswa yithiyori yokuba, endaweni yokuba iikati ezinkulu zitye, uHomo walingisa iigrey?
Umfundi uya kuwafunda la maphepha ngokungathi usephupheni: uhambo oluya kwiindlela zonxibelelwano phakathi komntu kunye "nokungabonakaliyo"; iifom ezihlala ngokuqhubekayo. Kungenxa yokuba le ngxelo yinoveli yezinto ezibonakala zikude kakhulu kwaye, nangona kunjalo, ziphakathi kwethu, nje ukuba sivumele uCalasso ukuba asixelele ukuba sijonge phi.
Umtshato kaCadmus kunye noHarmony
Njani uZeyus, ngohlobo lwenkunzi emhlophe, waxhwila iPrincess Europa; Eziusus zamshiya uAriadne; UDionisio wadlwengula uAura; U-Apollo wayesisicaka se-Admetus, ngenxa yothando; I-simulacrum ka-Helena yavela, kunye no-Achilles ', kwisiqithi saseLeuké; UPenelope woyisa uHipodamía; UCoronis, okhulelwe nguApollo, wamngcatsha ngomntu ofayo; I-Danaides inqumle iintloko zamadoda abo; U-Achilles wabulala iPenthesilea kwaye wamjoyina; Orestes babesilwa nengqondo; UDemeter wabhadula ekhangela intombi yakhe uCore; UCore wajonga eHadesi wazibona ebonakala emehlweni akhe; UPhaedra waphambana ngoHippolytus; UFanse wazivumela ukuba aqwengwe nguZeus; iiCercopes zahleka ezimpundu zeHeracles; Umzingeli uCyrene wajoyina uApollo ngohlobo lwengcuka; UZeyus wagqiba ekubeni atshabalalise amaqhawe; Ulysses wayehlala noCalypso; iiOlimpiki zehla zaya eThebes ukuba zithathe inxaxheba kumtshato kaCadmus noHarmony ...
Imitshato kaCadmus kunye neHarmony yayilixesha lokugqibela apho oothixo baseOlimpiki bahlala etafileni namadoda esidlweni. Into eyenzekileyo ngaphambi koko, iminyaka eyadlulayo, nasemva koko, kwizizukulwana ezimbalwa, yenza umthi omkhulu wentsomi yamaGrike.
Ndayeka ukufunda iCalasso kudala. Njengoko intetho isitsho, "nabani na ongaziyo, makakuthengele." Nangona kunjalo, ndakwazi ukufunda "Umtshato kaCadmus kunye noHarmony." Kule ncwadi abantu basetyhini bahlala bebonwa njengamaxhoba asebenzayo kwaye ukudlwengulwa kwabo kupeyintwe njengesihobe kunye nomtsalane. Egqwesileyo. Ungayixelela uCalasso into yokudlwengulwa ibonakala ngathi sisicwangciso esikhulu. Ngapha koko, inyani kukuba ndisayikhumbula le nto ibonakala ikhotha imilebe yayo ngokoqobo xa ithetha ngamadini abantu. Andilulibali uthando lwakhe olufihliweyo ngobusathana, awusebenzisa ukuhlwayela iingcinga ezimbi, ukungathembeki kwakhe, ubundlobongela bakhe nangaphezulu kwako konke ukuzingca kwakhe okwenyanyekayo xa ethetha nam ngaphandle kwam. Nokuba umhleli wakhe umbiza ngokuba "nguCalasso oyinyani"! Kwincwadi yokugqibela andithumelele yona, ukuzinikela kufundwe ngolu hlobo: »KwiBlanca. Nokuba awufuni, yeyakho. Ingqalelo: NAKUBA UNGAFUNI. Leyo yiCalasso ngendlela yayo emsulwa, isidalwa esilusizi, ukuba ngethamsanqa, ukuba Me Me ifikelela e-Itali, siya kuba nakho ukuyibona ihlazekile xa indala kwaye, ukuba akukho thamsanqa kwaye ishiya eli hlabathi, siya kuthi ukwazi ukubona ngokungathandabuzekiyo kulahliwe. kwiNtili yakwaYehoshafati yonke into engenaxabiso, yonke into apho kungekho athom yokulunga, yonke into engenanceba notshaba lomntu.