Iincwadi ezi-3 ezilungileyo zentsomi yamaGrike enomdla

Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo Iinkcubeko zamaGrike okanye zamaRoma (owesibini umthengisi omkhulu wesibini wokuqala) zinomtsalane ngakumbi, kunye noothixo babo, amaqhawe abo kunye nohambo lwabo kwihlabathi elingaziwayo kunezinye ezikholelwa kuThixo omnye kunye nezilula. (jonga neengcambu zethu zamaKatolika okanye zamaSilamsi, ukufana kunye nokuguqula ngamanye amaxesha ...)

Ngemihla yokugqibela yehlabathi lamandulo (i Izinto zakudala zakudala) ilifa lenkcubeko, intlalo, ezopolitiko kunye nezoqoqosho lizalwa lisisiseko sayo yonke into. Kuyathakazelisa ukuba ebusweni beli gunya iinkolo ezitsha ekugqibeleni zathatha intambo yokutshabalalisa intelekelelo enkulu ye-Olympus kunye nokuyila kwayo ebantwini ukugqiba ukuseka abaprofeti abakhethekileyo: uYesu okanye uMuhammad, kunye noThixo okanye u-Allah njengoko amaqumrhu asasazeka ( unxantathu njengeLiso leProvidence kwiKatolika okanye enye kwaye ingenakumelwa kwimeko yamaSilamsi).

Umbuzo, endihamba kuwo amasebe, kwaye ndithetha ngokucacileyo, yile Ibhayibhile yincwadana yokubhala echasene nobutyebi beentsomi zamaGrike namaRoma kunye nembali yayo yobuntu kwi-fascicles eyahlulwe phakathi kwe-Iliads, i-Odysseys kunye neziganeko ezahlukeneyo ezibuhlungu. I-Adventures ekwasisondeza kufutshane ne-mosaic etyebileyo yoothixo kwigadi yabo ethile yolonwabo, kubantwana babo be-bastard, kwi-demigods, kumagorha esinokujonga kuwo ukubonakaliswa kunye nazo zonke iintlobo zeentlekele okanye amabali anokuziphatha malunga nokulungileyo. ububi obuphuphumayo bububi obuphuphumayo, ukuba buphuphuma ububi.

Ababhali bangoku bathanda UIrene Vallejo ukufumana kwakhona, ukuba sikhe salahleka, amavumba ashushu kuwo onke la mazwe agcina inkcubeko yethu ngolwazi lomntu olothusayo nolusimemayo ukuba siqwalasele ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo ukuba Nihil sub kuphela novum, oko kukuthi, kwakungekho nto intsha phantsi kwelanga kwezi zilumko, ubuncinci ngokwemeko yomntu emelwe kwingcamango enkulu kangaka yoncwadi ...

Iincwadi ezi-3 eziPhakanyisiweyo eziphezulu ze-Greek Mythology

I-Odisea

Iqhawe lamaqhawe, u-Ulysses unomtsalane omkhulu kune-Achilles (engqondweni yam). Kuba isikweko esihle sokuhamba, sobukumkani obulahlekileyo, sokungabikho kunye nobunzima, sezihendo, zobumnyama kunye nesizungu. Yonke imbono yangoku yomelela ihlala kumandla ka-Ulysses okoyisa yonke into ephawulwe yile ntlekele yenze uvavanyo olubalulekileyo. Ngaphandle kweqhawe elifana ne-Ulises, izimvo eziyimfuneko ebantwini ezinjengokoyisa eyona ntlekele imbi ngekhe zenziwe.

Ubungangamsha kunye nokuzidela kwe-Greek Odysseus, yayihlala kwiminyaka elishumi yokubuyela kwakhe ekhaya emva kokuthatha inxaxheba kwiMfazwe yeTrojan, yenza indawo eqinileyo, phantse yothando yenye yezikhumbuzo ezinkulu zelifa lethu lobukrelekrele. Ngokufanelekileyo iqulunqwe ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-XNUMX BC, iOdyssey isisa kwilizwe lokwenyani, iMeditera yakudala, kodwa izele yingozi kwaye igcwele izinto ezintle: oosiyazi, oonongogo, iingxilimbela, izilo ...

Ii-avatars zaselwandle zegorha kulo mzuzwana wesibini omkhulu wamaGrike u-Odysseus (Odysseus ukusukela kumaRoma) ukusuka kumdlalo we-epic, ukumbeka kwindawo entle, kufutshane nehlabathi elimangalisayo leentsomi eziyimfihlakalo.

Antigone

Intlungu igqithile kuba isalatha ekufeni, ekugqibeleni, kwinto enokwenzeka, okanye hayi (kodwa ekugqibeleni iyimfihlakalo), ukuphakama kwento esiyiyo ukuya kwelinye ilizwe elihluthiweyo. Ukanti, intlungu eyandulela yonke le ngcamango yomntu njengesiphelo iyinto eqhelekileyo, ibambelele kakhulu kwiinyembezi ezingantshulisi ubomi emhlabeni. USophocles wayengumbalisi obalaseleyo wezo ntlekele apho umntu wamandulo wayevakalisa ukubanda kwakhe okukhethekileyo kokuphila, njengoko wayenokuthi.

Phakathi kweentlekele ezisixhenxe zikaSophocles (malunga nowama-496-406 BC) eziye zagcinwa ziphelele, ngokungathandabuzekiyo iAntigone ikwindawo ekhethekileyo. Njengomfanekiso wamagorha, ukugqithisela kwe-protagonist kukhokelele ekufundweni kwakhona okungenakubalwa kwiinkulungwane (ngokwamkelwa okugqwesileyo kwithiyetha yangoku) kwaye kubangele uqikelelo lwefilosofi yazo zonke iintlobo.

Umlingiswa, ukuzalwa kongquzulwano phakathi kwabantu kunye noluntu, kuyanelisa kwaye kuyenze iphile. UCreon, inkosi yaseThebes, unyanzelisa ukungcwatywa kwePolynices, ephakanyiswe nxamnye norhulumente kwaye wabulawa kumzabalazo wobuzali. U-Antigone, owaphula loo miyalelo icacileyo, uphosa ukungcola kwisidumbu somntakwabo, ngaloo ndlela emngcwaba ngokomfuziselo.

Iliad

I-Ulysses igcina ibhalansi enomdla phakathi kwezinto ezimangalisayo kunye nezibuhlungu, i-Achilles i-epic ecacileyo nangona kwimvelaphi yayo kukho ukufundwa komntu okunokuthi kudluliselwe kuwo nawuphi na umzuzu. I-Iliad libali lamabali malunga netyala kunye nentiyo abantu abanako ukuyigcina kwiminqweno yabo ephoxekileyo. Iimfazwe ngokusisiseko kukuba, imfazwe yeTrojan ichaza kumlingiswa ngamnye, ukusuka e-Achilles ukuya eHector, edlula i-Agamemnon okanye i-Patroclus, lonke uluhlu lweminqweno esishukumisela ukuba singqubuzane kunye nemfazwe.

Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa phambi kweshumi leminyaka lokugqibela lokungqingwa kwesixeko saseTroy, babonelela ngesakhelo sokulandelelana kweziganeko ezichazwe kwiIliad, owona mbongo mdala kuncwadi lwaseNtshona.

Imveliso yesiko elide lomlomo, i-epic, njengoko umbhali wayo elumkisa kwivesi yokuqala, ibalisa ibali leziphumo zomnqweno womntu. U-Achilles, ecatshukiswe ngumsindo ka-Agamemnon, owayeyinkokeli yohambo lwamaGrike uthathe isabelo sakhe eBriseida, wagqiba kwelokuba arhoxe emfazweni. Kodwa akuyi kuthatha thuba lide ukuba abuyele kuye, enomsindo ohlaziyiweyo, emva kokubhubha kweqabane lakhe uPatroclus ezandleni zeTrojans.