Kwanakwimeko yoncwadi, kusenokwenzeka ukuba sityekele kwi-ethnocentrism ye-maddening, bohlwaywe ngakumbi kule meko kunye nenkcubeko ethile. Sinomdla wokufumana incasa engaqhelekanga kwinoveli ngu UMurakami kuba iJapan, nokuba lilizwe elikude, lilizwe lehlabathi lokuqala, Oko kukuthi, lelethu «uhlanga» lwabemi abanethamsanqa bomhlaba ...
Ngengqondo echaseneyo kunye nokukhusela indawo yokuba uncwadi alunakuziqonda iimeko zentlalo okanye strata, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba ichibi lokubhala laseIndiya ayisiyiyo eyandayo kwihlabathi ngaphandle kokumela isixhenxe sabantu behlabathi. Mhlawumbi ukusukela URudyard Kipling enye into encinci siyazi ngokucacileyo ngamaNdiya. Kungenxa yokuba ababhali bemvelaphi yaseIndiya bathanda URushdie kwaye abanye abambalwa sele bezenza ukuba babulelwe njengombulelo wase-Bhritane kubuqhina obenziwe ngobuqili kunye Commonwealth.
Ke ukuphazamiseka kombalisi waseIndiya ngokucacileyo kwifom kunye nezinto njenge IPankaj Mishra Kuvela ukuba kukufumanisa okumnandi kube kanye, kwimizamo yakho emifutshane yokuba ibe yintsomi, uvumela ukuba ubanjiswe bubunyani obuchithwe bubomi kwiibhanki zeGanges okanye phakathi kweentaba zaseMashobra emazantsi eentaba zeHimalaya.
Kuba okwangoku into eyenziwa nguMishra inika iNtshona ukuba ibambelele kwaye ingashukumi. Iincwadi zesincoko ezisikrobisa kwiingcaciso eziliwaka ezivela kumntu ovela kuloo Asia esele evukile ukuba adle yonke into. Kubalulekile, ngokomoya kodwa ngoku ikakhulu ezopolitiko kunye nezentlalo. UMishra unemiba eyahlukeneyo ehlala imnandi ukuyifumanisa...
Iincwadi ezi-3 eziphezulu eziCetyiswayo nguPankaj Mishra
Ukunyaniseka kweBland
Ihlabathi esiphila kulo namhlanje lelo libunjiweyo, ubukhulu becala, yimibono yenkululeko kunye nongxowankulu baseAnglo-Saxon. Ngokuwa koorhulumente bobukomanisi ngo-1989, uloyiso lwengcinga ye-Anglo-Saxon yehlabathi yabonakala ngathi yoyisile umchasi wayo wokugqibela. Ukusukela ngoko, bezininzi izifundiswa zase-Bhritane nase-Mntla Melika, oososayensi bezopolitiko, ezoqoqosho kunye nababhali-mbali abathi, ukusukela kwiinkundla zabo zamaphephandaba, iimagazini, iiyunivesithi, izikolo zeshishini kunye neetanki zokucinga, besakha iingcinga eziza kuxhasa lo mbono ngobizo Olunye ukhetho olunokwenzeka.
I-Pankaj Mishra ihlalutya ngokunzulu le nkqubo, esele iqalile ngexesha loBukhosi base-Bhritane kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwayo kumazwe akoloniyali. Njengokuba esitsho kwintshayelelo, “Imbali yehlabathi yeengcinga ezikhululekileyo nedemokhrasi emva kowe-1945 ayikabhalwa, kwaye nenkcubeko yezentlalo zamaNgesi namaMelika ibingekabhalwa.
Kwaye ngaphandle kwento yokuba umhlaba abawenzileyo kunye nabangenziwanga bangena kwisigaba sayo esiyingozi. […] “Kodwa kudala kwacaca ukuba ukuzibophelela kwehlabathi kwiimarike ezingalawulekiyo kunye nongenelelo lomkhosi egameni labo kuye kwaba lolona vavanyo lweembono lwanamhlanje. […] Uqoqosho lwasekhaya, uqoqosho oluzimeleyo, olunengqiqo nolunamalungelo nefilosofi yenkululeko yaqala ukuhlukumeza lonke uluntu ngezicwangciso zalo ezimangalisayo zokunyusa imveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kwihlabathi liphela.
Ingxoxo yanamhlanje eyenziwe eLondon, eNew York naseWashington DC yaqhubeka ichaza imeko eqhelekileyo yobomi bobukrelekrele boluntu kuwo onke amazwekazi, iguqula indlela apho uninzi lwabantu beqonda ngayo uluntu, uqoqosho, isizwe, ixesha lomntu kunye nesazisi sonke. "
Ubudala bomsindo
Singayichaza njani imvelaphi yamaza amakhulu enzondo abonakala engenakuphepheka kwihlabathi lethu- ukusuka kubaphangi baseMelika kunye neDAESH ukuya kuDonald Trump, ukusuka ekunyukeni kobuzwe obunobuzaza kwihlabathi liphela kubuhlanga kunye nokuziphatha gwenxa kwimidiya yoluntu?
Kule ncwadi uPankaj Mishra uphendula kwingxaki yethu ngokuguqula amehlo akhe kwinkulungwane ye-XNUMX ngaphambi kokuba asizise kule mihla. Ibonisa ukuba njengokuba ilizwe liqhubela phambili, abantu abangaphumeleliyo ukonwabela inkululeko, uzinzo, kunye nokuchuma ebathembise kona baba ngamaxhoba okonyuka.
Uninzi lwabo bafika emva kwexesha kweli hlabathi litsha (okanye babekelwa bucala) baphendula ngendlela efanayo: ngentiyo enkulu ngabo babeza kuba ziintshaba, ukuzama ukwakha ixesha elilahlekileyo lobutyebi, kunye nokuzimisela ngogonyamelo olunobundlobongela nolunogonyamelo. Amagorha enkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba akhula kula manqanaba abantu abangafezekanga-abafana ababa nomsindo ababa ngamasiko eJamani, abaguquli boMesiya eRashiya, i-bellicose chauvinists e-Itali, kunye ne-anarchists abenza ubugrogrisi kwihlabathi liphela.
Namhlanje, njengangoku, ukwamkelwa okuxhaphakileyo kwezopolitiko kunye netekhnoloji kunye nokusukelana nobutyebi nokuzimela kushiye amawaka ezigidi zabantu engenanjongo kwilizwe elidimazekileyo, bancothulwe kwisithethe, kodwa bakude kude. . Ngelixa iimpendulo kwisiphithiphithi sehlabathi zingxamisekile, kubalulekile ukwenza uxilongo olufanelekileyo kwangaphambili. Kwaye akukho mntu unje ngePankaj Mishra ukuyenza.
Ukusuka kumabhodlo ezikumkani
Kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane ye-19, amagunya aseNtshona alawula ihlabathi ngokuthanda kwawo, ngelixa iinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo zase-Asia zafumana ukuzithoba kwabo kumlungu njengentlekele. Zininzi izinto ezithob’ isidima ezathi iNtshona yazenza kubo, kwaneentliziyo neengqondo ezingenakubalwa ezazilinyamezele ngentiyo igunya labemi baseYurophu kumazwe abo.
Namhlanje, ikhulu elinamanci mahlanu eminyaka kamva, imibutho yaseAsia ibonakala inamandla kwaye izithembile. Yayingeyiyo le nto bathi abo "bagula" kwaye "bayafa" bathi ngekhulu leshumi elinesithoba babecinga.
Yenzeka njani le metamorphosis inde yeAsia yanamhlanje? Ngoobani ababengabalingisi bayo kunye nabadlali? Ucinge njani ilizwe esiphila kulo neliza kuhlala kulo izizukulwana ezizayo? Le ncwadi ijolise ekuphenduleni le mibuzo kwaye inikezele ngesishwankathelo esibanzi sendlela abanye babona bantu bakrelekrele nabanobuntununtunu eMpuma abasabela ngayo kuxhatshazo (ngokwasemzimbeni, ngokwasengqondweni noqoqosho) lwaseNtshona kwiindawo zabo. Kwaye ngaziphi iindlela izimvo kunye neemvakalelo zabo zisasazekile kwaye zavela ngokuhamba kwexesha ukwenza iAsia esiyaziyo namhlanje kunye nababandakanyeki bayo, ukusuka kwiQela lamaKomanisi laseTshayina, ubuzwe baseIndiya, okanye uMzalwana wamaSilamsi kunye neAl Qaeda ukuya kutshintsho lwetekhnoloji kunye noqoqosho lwaseTurkey, Korea. okanye eJapan.
