Isalathiso esikhulu saseNorway ngokweenoveli ezinobumba abakhulu UKnut Hamsun. Ngokuyintloko ibhalansi yayo phakathi kokuxabiseka ngendlela ephantse ibe ngumculo kwaye ukusuka ezantsi ukuya kwinkcazo yeengxaki ezinkulu ezikhoyo kubalinganiswa bobunzulu obukhulu.
Kubonakala ngathi ndiyithathile nzulu le bhlog yoncwadi kakhulu xa kuziwa kuncwadi lweNordic. Kungenxa yokuba kwinkulungwane ye-XXI, emva kokubethwa ngokungenanceba ngababhali abakhulu beScandinavia noir, kubonakala kufanelekile ukubuyela kwizalathiso zangaphambili kuhlobo olungenakuguqulwa lohlobo olumnyama (Ayy, UHenning Mankell, ubungasazi isikolo obusenza…)
Inqaku kukuba ukuba ngeloxesha bendithetha ngalo UJostein Gaarder kunye UMika Waltari, bekungayi kuba kuhle ukulibala UKnut Hamsun, ngaphambili kwabo bonke, utata woncwadi lwaseNordic ngokolwandiso lwaseNorway. Elinye lawona mabhaso abalulekileyo awathi amkelwa ngokusemthethweni sisikolo saseSweden ngomsebenzi wakhe "Intsikelelo yomhlaba" kwaye waphumelela kwilizwe liphela "ngeNdlala".
UHamsun ngomnye wababhali abambalwa umsebenzi wabo ugcinwe ngokugqibeleleyo ukuze ufundwe nangaliphi na ixesha. Okokuqala, ngenxa yokuba ibeka emntwini, ngaphezulu kwayo yonke enye into, kubandakanya umbono wehlabathi wombhali onesiphiwo sokugqwesa ngokwengqondo nayiphi na indlela enokuthi icaciswe kwizicwangciso zakhe nazo, ukuze zilawule ngakumbi, zisebenza njengembali yemihla yakhe .. .
Umzobo we UKnut Hamsun wagutyungelwa ngamaqhina akhe kubuNazi. Abo babemncoma kwaye bewuphakamisa umsebenzi wakhe de kwaba liBhaso likaNobel ngo-1920 kuLwazi lweNcwadi, bayala yonke into eyayinesitampu sakhe emva kwexesha.
Nangona kunjalo, kukho abo bacacisa ukuba oku kuzibophelela kulawulo olunje lokukwazi ukuntywilisela iYurophu kweyona minyaka yakhe imnyama kubangelwe yimpendulo kwi-Anglo-Saxon impiriyalizim eyathi nakwinkulungwane yama-XNUMX yaqhubeka nokuxhaphaza ubukhosi bayo e-Afrika okanye e-Asia Banomdla wokuqokelela ubutyebi ngesixeko esikhulu.
Yiyo loo nto, ngamaxesha ayo e-chiaroscuro ukusuka Ibhaso likaNobel loNcwadi ngo-1920 Kude kube kuphela kokuphela kwakhe ebubini, incwadi yakhe yokubhala yayisecicini lokugwetywa elibeleni emva kokuphela kweMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi. Kodwa imeko zopolitiko ecaleni, kunye neempazamo zazo ezinzulu, umsebenzi kaHamsun ungumthombo wababhali abaninzi ababekwazi ukwahlula isimilo kwilifa lakhe, Kafka phezulu Hemingway o Oyster.
Kancinci kancinci yonke into oko kubhalwe nguHamsun yafunyanwa kwakhona ngenxa yoncwadi ngaphandle kwemiqathango engaphezulu. Kuba iinoveli zikaHamsun ayizizo izibhengezo zopolitiko zalo naluphi na uhlobo. Lawa, ngaphezu kwako konke, amabali amahle anento ebalulekileyo yobuntu.
Iinoveli ezinconywayo ezi-3 eziphezulu zikaKnut Hamsun
Ukulamba
I-Hamsun yayibaxekileyo, ibaluleke kakhulu, ingumbono womntu njengokubonakaliswa kothando kwezi mpendulo ze-metaphysical zixhomekeke ekugwetyweni ngesizathu. Ke ngoko, kwimeko yokungathandabuzekiyo ngokungathandabuzekiyo, ubumfama obunokubakho kunye nokunamathela kumnqweno owawutshabalalisa njengobuNazi buyaqondakala.
UHamsun wayenokuba ulixhoba elifanelekileyo, ngokwale noveli "Indlala." Kungenxa yokuba ophambili ongenagama ohambahamba kula maphepha kubonakala ngathi akanatyala ngenjongo yobomi bangaphakathi njengokuphuphuma njengoko kungenakwenzeka ukuba ulungele imeko yezentlalo njengengcinezelo njengoko isixeko esikhulu sinjalo kuye. Intlupheko, usizi kunye nobudenge xa umlinganiswa wethu ophambili ebalaselisa uzuko nefilosofi kubulumko. Indawo yokuhlala yequixotic engenakwenzeka yomntu onyanisekileyo ngomphefumlo wakhe kodwa iphoswa embindini wengxolo. Elinye lala mabali anciphisa intliziyo, kunzima ngamanye amaxesha kodwa ligcwele lucidity ekhokelela ezantsi kokona kukhanya kungaboniyo.
Intsikelelo yomhlaba
Incwadana ethi "Indlala" ibonakala ngokubhengezwa kwayo kweenjongo zoncwadi. Kananjalo lo asingomnye umsebenzi oqolileyo ngumbhali oshiye ngasemva ngokobunzulu, ubuhle obusemthethweni kunye nemvelaphi.
Umlinganiswa ophambili omtsha, ngeli xesha uzimisele ngegama lakhe, u-Isak kwaye ujolise kwimisebenzi yakhe yemihla ngemihla, uba ligorha lempucuko yethu. Kwaye ngokuchanekileyo kukufumana oko kuthathelwa ingqalelo kwindibaniselwano yendalo, kumzamo wayo wokuphila imihla ngemihla ubonakaliswe kwindawo enobutshaba. Kulapho umntu azalwe khona e-Isak ezibonakalisa kuthi ngobukho bakhe obupheleleyo, enikwe uvakalelo, umgudu, ukuhlonipha indalo.
Ukujongana neziganeko okanye intlekele yeenoveli zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini kwaye ke ngenxa yokungenelela kuguquko lwedolophu, eli bali livusa ukubuyela kwindalo kwakhona ukuba yimeko yomntu ekhululwe kumatyathanga ayo.
Isangqa sivaliwe
Isikhundla esikhulu sombhali ophela egqitha ibali lakhe lasekhaya ukuze andise nakweyiphi na indawo, lulwazi lomphefumlo.
U-Hamsun uzibonakalisa apha ukuba uyakwazi ukwehla aye equleni le-atavistic consciousness, yohlobo lokungazi nto konke okucingelwa ngumntu ukubonisa isimilo esifanelekileyo. Asinanto yokwenza no-Abel Brodersen. Ukanti kwiimeko zabo ezibalulekileyo eziphawulwe kabuhlungu sifumana isikweko sokuba lilolo.
Indawo esisiqithi apho u-Abel kunye nabanye abalinganiswa abajikeleza kuye ifana nesangqa esijikeleza omnye kuthi ukusukela ngexesha lokuzalwa kwethu. UAbheli ugqibela ngokufuna ukwaphula okanye ubuncinci abaleke kwisangqa sakhe. I-United States yindawo ekucingwa ukuba iphupha ngu-Abel Brodersen kwaye uza kuya khona ayokuzifumana ngaphaya kwesiqithi sakhe.
Kuphela kukuba imvelaphi ihlala ikubanga, kwimeko ka-Abheli ngemeko eyahluke kakhulu apho iimeko zimnyanzela ukuba enze izigqibo ezingqongqo ukuze anganikezeli kwi-inertia.
