Ukuba nguyise ka into engeyonyani yebuchwepheshe, okanye ubuncinci isandulela xa kufikwa kumagama abalulekileyo afana ne "robhothi", eyona nto yile el UKarel Capek umbhali yintwana yexhego eligxothiweyo lalibala kwindawo yokuhlala. Kuba CiFi uzuko namhlanje lolwabanye abafana UAsimov owazalwa ngo-1920, ngokumangalisayo xa igama elithi irobhothi layilwa izizukulwana ngulo mbhali waseCzech kumdlalo wakhe. RUR
Kakade ke, u-Asimov akanakutyholwa ngokuba ngumxhaphazi okanye umngeneleli. Ngaphezu kwayo nantoni na ngenxa yokuba okubanzi, okugqwesileyo, okuchulumancisayo (kunye nayo yonke imigaqo ene-x esinokuyifumana) yomsebenzi ka-Asimov immisela njengoyena mlinganiswa oyintloko wentsomi yenzululwazi njengoncwadi kunye noqikelelo olungekho kude kangako kwizinto ezinokwenzeka zehlabathi lethu. .
Kodwa ngaphandle kweCapek mhlawumbi imithetho yerobhothi ayinakuba njengoko sizazi ngoku. Kungenxa yokuba isiqalo ngasinye sengcamango sibangela ukuba ubani acinge ngobuchule bakhe nobabanye. Yaye okoko nje yonke into iphakamisa iingcamango ezintsha ngaphandle kokunyathela kwinto esele idaliwe, kufanelekile ukuqaphela uKesare okukaKesare.
Iinoveli ezi-3 eziphezulu ezicetyiswayo nguKarel Capek
RUR.
I-Dystopias ayisosiphumo samathuba kodwa zivela kwezona ngcinga zimbi zenyani, ezicingelwayo kwaye ziphuculwe (ngamanye amaxesha zide zingaxatyiswa) zisuka kwinto eyiyo ekungaphumeleli kwayo kwezentlalo imibono engendawo yekamva ixelwe kwangaphambili...
Imveliso enkulu yeerobhothi kwifektri yaseRossum yenze ubomi obumnandi ngakumbi, kunye neengxaki ezinkulu: uluntu luyekile ukuvelisa kwaye iirobhothi zithunyelwa emfazweni.
U-Helena Glory ufika e-Rossum Universal Robots enomsebenzi omnye: ukunceda iirobhothi, kuphela ukuqonda ukuba aziva nto kwaye zifana ncamashà njengaye nawuphi na umntu.
Kumnqweno wakhe wokubanika inkululeko akholelwa ukuba mabayonwabele, amabhongo ka-Helena aya kunqunyulwa yinyani xa iirobhothi ziqala ukuvukela. Lo ngumsebenzi oza kusasaza igama elithi irobhothi kwihlabathi liphela, kodwa ikwayenye yeedystopias zokuqala ezibhaliweyo.
Imfazwe yaseSalamander
Intelekelelo okanye ukwenziwa komntu ukufihla isicwangciso solindelo, i-dystopia okanye nayiphi na ingxelo ye-sci-fi inokuba ivela eCapek ngebhodi le noveli ephazamisayo. Isicwangciso apho kufunyanwe ezo ngqamaniso zonakeleyo ezivumela ukugqwesa ngokupheleleyo. Umzuzu othile wokuhlekisa, inkqubela ecothayo kodwa eqinisekileyo ebandakanya kwaye inika umdla kwisiphumo esothusayo.
I-Salamanders zizilwanyana ezinoxolo ezinobuchule ezithimbe uluntu olukhwela ngasemva kwinkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji yexesha le-interwar. Ishishini lelokuqala ukusebenzisa amathuba alo amakhulu; Kungekudala emva koko, oorhulumente baseYurophu bazisebenzise ukukhulisa urhwebo, ukufumana indawo elwandle kunye nokuphucula imikhosi. Babonelelwa ngezixhobo, ulwazi, izixhobo kunye nekamva abaza kubamba ngalo iintambo.
Unyaka womgcini-gadi
Ukunqaba, i-whim okanye i-sugar rush. Nokuba yintoni ekhokelele uCapek ukuba abhale le ncwadi, ngokungathandabuzekiyo iza nethoni ephazamisayo neyothusayo efunyenwe ngomtsalane wento engaqhelekanga kwaye ifundwa ngamanye amaxesha ngokukhululeka.
Ngaphezu kwayo nantoni na, kuba ingaphandle kwemixholo yenzululwazi yesiqhelo, ikufumanisa ukuba unomdla wobuchule bokulima kunye neminqweno yakho kunye nethemba kwigadi yeentyatyambo apho unokulala kwindawo ekhuselekileyo yendalo kaThixo evela ezandleni zakho. womlimi olula.
Kungenxa yokuba ulonwabo lomlimi lubakho emva kokusebenza nzima komsindo emva kwesaqhwithi okanye isichotho nokulangazelela kwawo amanzi ankcenkceshela yonke into evela ezulwini. Uburharha okanye usizi kuxhomekeke kwimeko, xa wena ngokwakho ungumgadi wegadi owazi ubukhazikhazi kunye neentsizi mihla le kwaye zilula.
Ibhotani yokusinda, ukujonga ukukhula kwezityalo njengonyango lwabantu ngaphandle komonde. Incwadi ethi, ukuba uzivumele ukuba uhambe, iya kukumangalisa ... Yonke into iqala kwakhona kunoma yimuphi unyaka, ngakumbi kumgcini-gadi kunye nemijikelezo yakhe.
