Kuyinto enomdla ukwazi ukuba abantu bayifumana njani indawo yabo ekhethekileyo kwezemfundo njengoko inkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji kunye Kukubhadla okungeyonyani i-looms (okanye mandibe isala) njengento ethile yiza kusithabathela indawo njengabantu abanemveliso kwiindawo ezininzi. Kwaye andibhekiseli kuphela kubuntu njenge-ajenda yezifundo, apho umba ngoku usengozini. Ikwangumbandela womsebenzi. Kungenxa yokuba uninzi lweenkampani ezinkulu zetekhnoloji ezilangazelela abasebenzi abakwaziyo ukufikelela apho oomatshini baphupha khona kuphela (nod UFilipu K. Dick kunye nee-androids zakhe ziphupha ngezimvu zombane).
Sishiywe nobuchule bokuyila kunye nokucinga ngokuzimela, umbono obalulekileyo wezinto kunye nokuzula okanye ukuqikelela kweembono njengendawo engenakufikeleleka kumatshini (Ay si UAsimov okanye ezinye ezikude njenge Wells bazakubona kwezi ntsuku ...). Yiyo loo nto inyani umahluko, intlantsi kunye nefilosofi enjalo iyindawo yokusabela namhlanje. Irobhothi ayinakuze izibuze ukuba ivelaphi kwaye iyaphi. Siya.
Ifilosofi, ifilosofi ... Kwaye ndicaphula ababhali beentsomi. Kutheni iza kuba njalo? Ngokunokwenzeka kuba ngokulula sidibanisa intanda-bulumko noThales waseMileto okanye nietzsche njengoko sivusa ophindaphindiweyo weBlade Runner efumana isiqwenga somphefumlo, echazela umntu yonke into ayibonileyo kwaye iya kulahleka kwimemori yakhe yee-byte njengezinyembezi emvuleni ...
Apha ndiza kuzisa iincwadi ezimbalwa ngabacingeli abakhulu (ngoku siya kwizafilosofi). Akusayi kubakho bonke abakhoyo nabangayi kubakho. Uninzi lwenu luya kuphoswa yiklasikhi, isiseko sayo yonke into. Kodwa ifilosofi ifana nayo yonke into, into enomdla. Kukho abo uKant abonakala ngathi akanakufikeleleka (ndiyasayina) kwaye okholelwa ukuba zonke iiPlato azinakuba lolona luncedo kubafundi bakaSocrates. Masiye apho ke, iingcinga ezikhululekileyo ...
Iincwadi ezi-3 eziphezulu ezicetyiswayo zefilosofi
Watsho njalo uZaratrusta, nguNietzsche
Uxolo, ndilikholwa elizinikeleyo eNietzsche kwaye ndiyaqonda ukuba lo msebenzi kufuneka ufundwe nguye nabani na onobuganga bokujonga imeko yemvelo, i-epistemiological okanye akhumbule nalapho kushiyeke khona izitshixo. Nayiphi na inkqubo yokungathandabuzeki okungagqithanga mncinci kufuneka irhuqe imixokelelwane ye-ego ehonjiswe ngombono njengesigwebo, iimeko njenge-anchor kunye nemeko yokubekwa kwimeko yesiseko. Emva koko umntu ophakamileyo esihamba naye ngaphakathi anganqwenela ukufumana isitshixo. Kwaye emva koko akukho mntu uya kusikholelwa. Siya kuba yi-homo entsha ye-Ecce ekhala ngenyaniso yethu ngokungenanto njengoko ingenanto.
Ndimele ndivume ukuba xa ndinayo le ncwadi yokuqala nguNietzsche ezandleni zam, into efana nohlobo lwentlonipho indihlasele, ngokungathi bendinenye incwadi engcwele phambi kwam, ethi ibibilia ye-agnostics izimisele ukuyeka ukuba njalo. Leyo yomphathi omkhulu yandibetha, yazinza, ithembekile, iyashukumisa ...
Isishwankathelo: Apho eqokelela ngohlobo lwe-aphorism, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kwifilosofi yakhe, emiselwe ukudalwa kwe-superman. Kuye kwathiwa ke u-Spoke Zarathustra angathathwa njengesiqalo seBhayibhile, kwaye enze incwadi esecaleni kwebhedi kwabo bafuna iNyaniso, Okulungileyo nokubi.Omnye wemisebenzi esisiseko kwifilosofi yenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba.
Ingxoxo ngendlela, ebhalwe nguRené Descartes
Ukungazisi i-Descartes kukhetho lweencwadi zefilosofi kufana nokwenza i-omelette yeetapile ngaphandle kwetswele, ingcwele. Ukuba i-Descartes ibuze kuthi umxholo wokucinga njenge-axiom yobukho, sinokuqinisekisa ukuba i-Descartes yaqala ekuqaleni nge-pragmatism yesayensi. Iminyaka ekhanyayo kude neNietzsche, eDescartes kukho ifilosofi enobuhlobo, ethembele kubukrelekrele bokujongana nayo nayiphi na indlela evela apha naphaya, kweli hlabathi okanye kwicandelo lezimvo ...
ICartesianism kudala yafa. Ingcinga ye-Descartes, nangona kunjalo, iyasinda kwaye iya kuphila ixesha elide ukuba inkululeko yokucinga ikhona njengesikhokelo sokubonisa. Lo mgaqo yeyona ntsomi imnandi kakhulu umntu anokuyila, kwaye oko kungenxa yoluntu, ubukhulu becala, kwiDescartes kwaye, ngakumbi, kwimisebenzi emibini umfundi anayo ezandleni zakhe. Ukufunda i-Descartes yenye yezona mithambo zilungileyo zokugcina uphila eyona nto ibalulekileyo yefilosofi yale mihla: ukuthandabuza kwangaphambili, ukuthandabuza njengendawo yokuqala yolwazi lokwenyani.
Nangona kunjalo, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kwinto eyenzekayo ukuba ibe yingqonyela yokuqala kwimbali yefilosofi, ibe kukugxekwa kwakhe okungahambelaniyo nokucinga okuqinisekileyo. Akukho nto, eneneni, enokwamkelwa ngenxa yalo naliphi na igunya. Eli qhawe leengcinga zale mihla, ngamazwi kaHegel, likhokele ifilosofi kwiindlela ezingafane zibonwe ngaphambili, unesibindi, ukubeka ngamazwi kaDalembert, ukufundisa iintloko ezilungileyo ukuba zisuse idyokhwe yokufunda, uluvo, lweGunya; Ngelizwi, lomkhethe kunye nobundlobongela kwaye, ngale mvukelo iziqhamo zethu sizibuthileyo namhlanje, yenze ifilosofi ibaluleke ngakumbi ngakumbi kunayo yonke into eyityala abo bazuzayo ezihlangwini zeDescartes.
Ikomkhulu nguKarl Marx
Ngenxa yokubaluleka kwayo kwezentlalo, ndiyakholelwa ukuba ingcinga kaKant yalatha kwezona zinto zibalulekileyo zentlalo yethu yangoku. Inkqubo yodidi lwentlalo sisivumelwano esityikityiweyo esivumela ukuba siphephe ungquzulwano phantsi kwesigqiqo sedemokhrasi, ukulingana nazo zonke ezo zinto zikhohlisayo. Kwaye Marx wenza ngokuzithandela kwintloko yabasebenzi. Kodwa abalaleli banikwa. Isicwangciso sokugqibela yayikukwenza wonke umntu onwabele ukuhamba ...
Kuthathelwa ingqalelo njengomsebenzi wobugcisa kaMarx. Ukujongana notshaba lwakho, kunyanzelekile ukuba umazi ... Kwaye yiyo loo nto le ncwadi iqondwa ngenjongo yokuchithwa ngokupheleleyo koqoqosho lwezopolitiko, nayo yonke intsingiselo yokuba le njongo inezopolitiko kunye nezoqoqosho zihlala zihamba kunye.
Isandla esingabonakaliyo sika-Adam Smith sidinga esinye isandla sikarhulumente katata owaziyo ukuphinda athumele ukugqitha kunyana ongenalusizo njengemarike. Ngumsebenzi obhalwe iminyaka emibini kodwa wagqitywa nguEngels ngokudityaniswa okwamthatha iminyaka eli-9 emva kokubhubha kukaMarx.
Inyani yile yokuba lo msebenzi wenkqubo yobungxowankulu obunobudenge phambi kwakhe wabonakala inani likaMarx isesinye sezona Zona ziphatho zibalaseleyo kubungxowankulu obukhoyo kuyo nayiphi na inkqubo evelisayo, kwingqikelelo kunye nomdla kuphela wokugqibela wokwanelisa amabhongo.
Ngobungqongqo obukhulu bezobuchwephesha, nangona kunjalo ikwazisa ubuqaqawuli beenkcukacha, ukujongwa komhlaba ongaphantsi kwenkqubo yongxowankulu ...
Ezinye iincwadi ezinomdla ...
Ngaphaya kweli qonga lemisebenzi yefilosofi yehlabathi, kukho intanda-bulumko ehamba iye kwiintsomi kwaye ijongana nezinto ezikhoyo malunga nabalinganiswa kunye nokugqithileyo malunga nezindululo ezilandisayo. Kwaye kulungile ukuba uyonwabele loo ntanda-bulumko yajika yaba sisikweko. Ndikhuphile, saya apho kunye neenoveli ezintathu ezilungileyo zefilosofi ...
Idayari kaSeducer, nguSoren Kierkegaard
Le noveli inokuthi ithathelwe ingqalelo njengabanduleli babaninzi ababhali abazimisele ukunikezela kubalinganiswa babo ezo zinto zinikwayo kubuntu nzulu kwi-visceral, nkqu nakwi-psychosomatic.
Kwaye loo nto iyodwa, ukongeza kwixabiso layo, ndiyibeka kwindawo yokuqala. Emva kwesi sihloko ngenkangeleko yenoveli, kukho ibali elinamandla malunga nenyaniso yothando, uthando, kunye nokukwazi kwayo ukuguqula inyani. Ewe kunjalo, akukho nto ilunge ngakumbi kumcabangi wobunzulu be-Kierkegaard kunokuhamba kunye nokungabikho kothando lomntu oza kubhala kulo ingxelo. Kuba yonke into iqala kolunye lolo luthando lokwenyani kunye namanxeba abo.
UJuan noCordelia ngabathandi beli bali. Uthando lukaJuan olufihlwe njengothando lufihla yonke injongo yefilosofi yeyelenqe, ngelixa uCordelia ehlehlisiwe kolo hlobo lokubandezeleka kothando, intetho esele ishiywe ngababhali abatsha belo xesha. UJuan kunye nokuhamba kwakhe kwihlabathi ngaphandle kwemibuzo ebalulekileyo kunezona mfuno zakhe zinomdla. UJuan kunye nokuqhuba okumhambisa ngeentsuku zakhe. Mhlawumbi uyolo kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo ukungazi. Ubunzima bokuhamba kwindawo enje ngento okanye ukuzama ukuqonda okuyinyani ngaphaya kwenqanaba lobomi.
Ihlabathi likaSofia nguJostein Gaarder
Ngalo mxholo wokuba lithuba lokujika ekuqwalaseleni ibali labantwana okanye ulutsha njengesingeniso nje sokufunda, le noveli yaba ngumthengisi othengisa kakhulu ngaxeshanye apho indalo yayo engapheliyo, umbono wayo weklasikhi, waqikelelwa phezulu. yeNkosana encinci okanye Ibali elingenasiphelo.
Ngamnye kubo ukusuka kwinguqu yakhe yenguqu yoncwadi lwabaselula abaguqulwe baba sisiseko sembali yoncwadi oluqondwa kukutya kwemfundo yokuqala yehlabathi. I-Sofia engalibalekiyo ibonakala njengomntu ovulekileyo ngaphandle kwemeko kulwazi, kulwazi. Ileta egqibela ngokumsa kulwazi lwehlabathi yileta siyifumanayo sonke ebomini bethu, inemibuzo efanayo malunga nenyaniso yayo yonke into.
Ukuchukumisa inoveli kwimfihlakalo yayiyibango elingenakuphikiswa labafundi abancinci, umfuziselo weempawu zayo wathimba abanye abantu abadala abavulekileyo ekuhlanguleni umntu wokuqala otyhilelweyo emhlabeni esasifumana ubunzima bokulinganisa ukubuyela kule mibuzo yakudala singazange Uphendule ngokupheleleyo. Ukucinga ngento esiyiyo nokuphela kwethu kukuqhubeka ngokuqhubekayo. Kwaye uSofia, olo phawu lwe-etymological yobulumko, sonke.
Isicaphucaphu, nguJean Paul Sartre
Ukuthabatha inoveli kwesi sihloko sele kulindele ukuba i-malaise i-somatized, i-visceral irruption of disenchantment. Ukubakho, ukubakho, siyintoni? Le ayisiyomibuzo iphoswe kwiinkwenkwezi kubusuku obucacileyo obucacileyo.
Umbuzo uya ngaphakathi, ngokubhekisele kwinto esinokuyijonga kwisibhakabhaka esimnyama somphefumlo. UAntoine Roquetin, umlinganiswa ophambili kule noveli akazi ukuba ugcina lo mbuzo ungathandekiyo, unyanzelekile ukuba uvakalise imibuzo yakhe enzima. UAntoine uyaqhubeka nobomi bakhe, imeko yakhe njengombhali kunye nomphandi. Isicaphucaphu nguloo mzuzu ubalulekileyo apho kuphakama umbuzo wokuba ingaba siyinto ethile na, ngaphaya kweenkqubo zethu kunye notyekelo.
Umbhali ka-Antoine emva koko uba nguAntoine sisithandi sobulumko esifuna impendulo kunye neemvakalelo zokuthintelwa kodwa ezingapheliyo, ukudakumba kunye nesidingo solonwabo.
Ukuphalaza kungalawulwa ngaphambi kokuba nesiyezi sokuphila, kodwa iziphumo zaso zihlala ... Leyo inoveli yakhe yokuqala, kodwa sele inamashumi amathathu eminyaka, kuyaqondakala ukuba ukukhula ngokwamaqondo, ifilosofi yayikhula, ukungonwabi kwintlalo kukwanda, ubukho babonakala intshabalalo. I-aftertaste ethile yeNietzsche ivela kule nto ifundwayo.
Izimvo ezi-1 "kwiincwadi ezi-3 ezigqwesileyo zefilosofi"