Kukho ababhali abakonwabelayo ukubalisa emgubasini apho ubunyani obumangalisayo bubonakala buyintsomi, ubuncinci ngenxa yobume obumangalisayo beenyaniso ezibonisiweyo. UErik larson yenye yezona ziphazamisayo. Kungenxa yokuba ukuzoba kulwazi lwembali olothusayo, oluvela kuphando lwakhe, Lombalisi waseMelika usihambisa kwihlabathi elivakala ngathi i-uchronias ephazamisayo, kodwa ehlala nje kunye nobomi bethu bemihla ngemihla. ngendlela emileyo, engcwatyelwe, engaziwa ngabantu abaqhelekileyo. Ubomi buhlala bufumana amanqaku xa intatheli, isebenza njengembali eneenkcukacha, isisondeza kolo lwazi olunzulu lwezinto.
Khawufane ucinge UJJ Benitez Isitayela seYankee, kuphela indawo emnyama, ethambekele ngakumbi kwimbali emnyama, kulwaphulo-mthetho, ukwenza amayelenqe okuqinisekisa, ukubhukuqa okanye ukuwaphelisa amandla. Kwimeko enye okanye enye imalunga nokuphanda, ukuzalisa ngamathontsi entelekelelo kunye nokwahlulahlula yonke into ngokubalisa ngepragmatic. Ukubalisa ngokusetyenziswa kolwimi ngobuchule ukwenza isithunzi esiqinisekileyo kunye nokucacisa okanye ukuqaqambisa into enokuba yintelekelelo okanye intsomi. Imalunga nemibono. Inyani ixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwaye umbalisi olungileyo unokusebenzisa izibonelelo ukwenza uncwadi okanye ubuchule boncwadi.
Ukuba umbhali ekuthethwa ngaye ukwayintatheli, kuyaqondwa ke ukuba olu lawulo lwebali ngumba wolwazi lwezixhobo zonxibelelwano abangasoze bazisebenzise njengabadlulisi nje okwenzekayo. Kodwa iincwadi ziyenye into, nkqu nezona canons zeMbali zinjalo. Kwaye nabani na othe wahlala phantsi ukuze afunde incwadi, nkqu nesincoko, uyazi ukuba akasayi kufumana, kwaye akafuni, iinyaniso, okanye iingcinga zokholo, iibhayibhile ngokwahlukeneyo.
Iincwadi ezi-3 eziphezulu ezinconyelwe ngu-Erik Larson
ILusitania: Ukutshona okutshintshe ikhosi kwimbali
Ifana nayo yonke into. Sihlala sishiywe ngomzekelo omnye, mhlawumbi owona mzekelo. Kwenzeka into efanayo nangokufika komntu enyangeni. Bekukho oosomajukujuku abali-12 ababeka unyawo enyangeni kumaphulo amathandathu ewonke. Bambalwa abayaziyo. I-Titanic, yona inxalenye yayo, yaba kukutshona okukhulu kweMbali, ingcamango yobuze bomntu ebhukuqwe yindalo. Kodwa yilumkele imeko yeLusitania, eyayimbi ngakumbi.
Ngobunewunewu nobunewunewu, i ELusitania, eyahamba ngenqanawa isuka eNew York ngoMeyi 1, 1915, yayisisikhumbuzo sekratshi nobuchule belo xesha, inqanawa yomkhosi ekhawulezayo. Ngenqaku elipheleleyo, wemka ezolile nangona imeko yayikho njengemfazwe. Uluvo lokuba inkwili yaseJamani inokuntywila kubonakala ngathi ayinangqondo, uluvo oluchazwe yinkampani yokuthumela izinto: 'The ELusitania Yeyona nqanawa ikhuselekileyo elwandle. Ukukhawuleza kakhulu kuyo nayiphi na inkwili. Akukho nqanawa yomkhosi waseJamani inokufikelela okanye isondele kuyo. '
Malunga ezimbini emva kwemini nge-7 kaMeyi, inqanawe yabethwa yitotshu eyadutyulwa yinkwili yaseJamani. Kwimizuzu nje engamashumi amabini itshonile kwaye bekukho i-1.200 efileyo, uninzi lwabo ingabemi baseMelika. Le ntlekele isetyenziswe ngamaphephandaba ukwenza imeko yezimvo ezifanelekileyo ukuthatha inxaxheba emfazweni. Kodwa iyintoni inyani malunga nokutshona? Ngaba yayingumsitho owalungelelaniswayo wokungenisa iMelika kwiMfazwe Enkulu? Ngaba yayilayishwe ngezinto ezinesiqhushumbisi kwiGreat Britain? Ngaba intlekele efana nale ibinokuphetshwa?
Ngomlingiswa otyebileyo wabalinganiswa kunye nendlela yoqobo, ELusitania ivumela abafundi ukuba bafumane uhambo kunye nentlekele ngexesha lokwenyani, kunye nokufumana iinkcukacha ezisondeleyo ezazifihlwe ziinkungu zembali.
Usathana kwisiXeko esimhlophe
Ibali ngalinye libonisa umahluko omangalisayo, nokuba kukukhanya okanye izithunzi zawo. Phakathi kwembonakalo yobomi bentlalo kunye neendawo ezingaphantsi apho wonke umntu egcina iimaski zabo, izihogo ezingacingelwanga zinokuphela ukubonakala. Umbono kaJeckyl kunye noMnu Hyde yinyani kakhulu i-hyperbole ukuvuma ukuba yiloo nto, ukubaxo...
Bobabini babekrelekrele kwaye benenkani, kwaye umnqweno wokuphumelela wabatyhalela phambili nangakumbi: umyili wezakhiwo uDaniel Hudson Burnham wathunywa ukuba ayile kwaye akhe iipalali ze-Chicago World's Fair, eyayiza kuvula iingcango zayo ngoMeyi 1893; UHenry H. Holmes wayengugqirha kwaye wagqiba kwelokuba asebenzise ulwazi lwakhe ngexesha lomboniso ngeyona ndlela ikhohlakeleyo. Ngelixa uBurnham wayesakha iindonga zebhotwe elinomtsalane, uHolmes wayenamagumbi okuhlushwa awakhiwe kwizisele zendlu yakhe apho uninzi lwabasetyhini lwaluza kudibana khona nokusweleka kwabo.
Into ebonakala ngathi licebo lenoveli eyoyikisayo yayisekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-XNUMX into eyanyikimisa ilizwe liphela kwaye enamangqina awodwa amadoda ahlukeneyo njengoBillalo Bill, uTheodore Dreiser noThomas Edison. Iimbandezelo zomyili wezakhiwo kunye nogqirha, imizekelo yekratshi kunye nobubi obungenakuqondakala, zehlela kuthi sibulela kule ncwadi ingaqhelekanga, ibali lobudenge.
Ubuqaqawuli kunye neVileness: Ibali likaChurchill kunye neNdalo yakhe yoSapho ngeXesha eliBalulekileyo leMfazwe
UChurchill, ipirate yokugqibela yaseNgilani eyabelwe ukwahlula iYurophu emva kweMfazwe yesibini (II) yeHlabathi. Umlinganiswa wobukhulu bokuqala bokuqonda iYurophu yamahlakani apho wayelidibaniselwano nabahlanguli, umthunywa, lowo ogqiba ukubeka ithoni kuzo zonke iingxoxo. Indoda eyila eli binzana 'iintshaba zethu ziphambili, iintshaba zethu, ngasemva»Malunga nembono yeqela eliphikisayo epalamente kunye namanye amalungu ebhentshini lakho… kuye kwafuneka ndikrelekrele kwaye ndilumkiswe kwangaphambili njengempungutye.
Kubonakala ngathi siyayazi yonke into (okanye phantse yonke into) kaWinston Churchill. Kwaye okwangoku, njengakubo bonke ubomi, kukho into esoloko isifihla. Kwaye kulapho, kwezo zikhewu zishiywe bucala zimbali okanye ezembali zembali, apho kungena khona italente ebalaseleyo ka-Erik Larson. Ijikeleziswe kwixesha elithile, ukusukela ngoMeyi 1940 ukuya kuMeyi 1941, elona xesha ligcwele igazi leBlitz, le ncwadi ibalisa, phantse njengenoveli, “indlela uChurchill nesangqa sakhe abasinda ngayo mihla le: iziqendu ezincinci ezibonisa indlela abantu abaphila ngayo ebomini.inyani phantsi komoya kaHitler wentsimbi. Lowo yayingumzuzu xa uChurchill waba Churchillxa wanika ezona ntetho zakhe zinomtsalane kwaye wabonisa umhlaba ukuba yintoni inkalipho nobunkokeli.
Kulomsebenzi sinegosa elikhulu likarhulumente, isithethi kunye nenkokheli engazange ibonakale ngathi ilahlekile emantla, kodwa ikwayindoda eyayithandabuza izigqibo zayo, inkulumbuso kunye ukuphila kakuhle ukuba ebekhumbula ulutsha, iimvakalelo kunye nomsindo. U-Churchill oguqukayo uzakhele umlingiswa njengebali elinonobumba omkhulu. U-Larson uxelela ngokukhangela i-chiaroscuro yoonobumba abancinci. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, njengoko uChurchill ngokwakhe watsho unobhala wakhe: "Ukuba amagama abalulekile, kufanelekile ukuba siyiphumelele le mpi."
