Murudzi irworwo rwekufambirana kunoita mabhuku mune vamwe vanyori, Manuel Chavez Nogales Anotipa mabhurashi akasiyana siyana, maitiro akasiyana anoenderera mberi nebasa rababa vake rekutapa nhau kana kuti anototora ndege nyowani mukufamba ikoko kana mabhuku ehupenyu ayo anowedzera kujekerwa kune ngano kana fungidziro.
Nguva imwe neimwe inogara ichiwana murondedzeri akazvipira kune chikonzero chenhoroondo. Rombo rakanaka nderekuti kuumbwa uku pakati penhau nenhoroondo kunogona kutorwa kubva kungano kuburikidza nemanovhero echokwadi (ngatitaurei, hongu, Benito Pérez Galdos) kana kuburikidza nerudzi irworwo rwekutaura uri wega inova nhoroondo yehupenyu, ine magumo ehupenyu huchiitwa apo hwairamba huchibudirira kana kuti kurarama mukati memagariro netsika dzakakanganisika.
Kune zvese izvi, Chaves Nogales nhasi anoenderera mberi achitariswa zvakanyanya sereferensi yekuongorora chokwadi muchiedza chitsva uye chinodiwa cheiyo intrahistorical mukuona kwayo kwakanyanya uye kwakazara.
Mabhuku matatu epamusoro anokurudzirwa naManuel Chaves Nogales
Muropa nemoto: Magamba, zvikara uye vakafira kuSpain
Hazvina kufanana kunyora zvinyorwa nezvehondo yevagari vemo mazuva ano pane kuzvigadzira patsva kubva pane zvakaitika. Uye hakusi kuti munyori wemazuva ano haakwanisi kuburitsa manzwiro emazuva iwayo, ipfungwa yemuverengi anoziva kuti zvinorondedzerwa zvinounzwa kubva pamazuva iwayo senyaya yakaipa.
Nyaya pfumbamwe dzinoumba bhuku iri dzinoonekwa nevakawanda sedzakanakisa dzakanyorwa muSpain nezvehondo yedu yevagari vemo. Yakanyorwa pakati pa1936 na1937 uye yakabudiswa muChile muna 1937, inoratidzira zviitiko zvakasiyana-siyana zvehondo izvo Chaves Nogales aiziva zvakananga: “Chimwe nechimwe chezvikamu zvayo zvakabviswa nokutendeka kubva muzvokwadi yechokwadi; mumwe nemumwe wemagamba ake ane hupenyu chaihwo uye hunhu hwechokwadi ”, achataura munhanganyaya.
"Little liberal bourgeois, mugari weDemocratic and Parliamentary republic," Chaves aiva mumwe wevanyori vakanyanya kukosha veSpain uye vatori venhau vehafu yekutanga yezana remakore rechimakumi maviri. Semupepeti webepanhau Iye zvino Akaramba ari muMadrid kubva pakutanga kwehondo kusvika pakupera kwa1936, apo hurumende yeRepublic yakatamira kuValencia uye akasarudza kuenda kuutapwa.
Kubatana uye tsitsi kune avo vanotambura pachavo zvinotyisa zvehondo zvinobvumira Chaves kuona zviitiko zvehondo nekukatyamadza equidistance uye lucidity. Kune ropa nemoto Hapana mubvunzo kuti ndiyo imwe yenyaya dzakangwara uye dzakazara dzehupenyu hwezvese zvakanyorwa nezvenguva iyi; chinyorwa chechokwadi chezvinyorwa zveSpanish.
Juan Belmonte, murwi wemombe
Kurwa nemombe hongu kana kurwa nemombe kwete. Chinhu chisina mubvunzo ndechekuti nyika yekurwisa mabhuru inoita nzvimbo yakasarudzika munhoroondo yeSpain. Art kune vamwe, chimwe chinhu chinotyisa kune vamwe. Pasina kupokana, chiitiko chakapfumiswa nomutauro waro umene, namashoko anonzwisiswa navadetembi vazhinji navanyori. Uye pamusoro peese mavara uye zviitiko zvekurondedzera uye kunzwisisa zvakawanda zveSpanish idiosyncrasy yezuro.
Pakupera kwa1935, Manuel Chaves Nogales (1897-1944) akapa chimiro chinonakidza uye chisingaperi chehupenyu hwehupenyu mu "Juan Belmonte, matador de toros", kune ndangariro dzeTrianero akangwara uyo akange ashandura hunyanzvi hwekurwa kwenzombe makore makumi maviri apfuura. Akazvarwa muna 1892, hudiki hwemurwi wenzombe hunoratidzwa nemamiriro ekunze enzvimbo dzakakurumbira dzeSeville, uye kuyaruka kwake, nechishuvo chemukurumbira uye chinangwa chekutevedzera maitiro aFrascuelo naEsparto.
Chakavanzika chekurwa kwake nenzombe chinogona kurondwa mumakore ake akaoma ekudzidza, mukufamba kwake kwehusiku uye pachivande nemufenzi nemafuro. Kubva 1913 -zuva reimwe nzira yake- uye kusvika 1920 - apo Joselito anofa kubva mugomba muTalavera- biography yake inoramba yakanyura mukukwikwidza kwakanyanya munhoroondo yekurwa kwenzombe: Spain yese ingave gallista kana belmontista. Akasiya basa muna 1936, Juan Belmonte, uyo akafa mujecha akanga aporofitwa nenyanzvi dzose, akafa pazera remakore makumi manomwe, tenzi wezvaaizoda.
Tenzi Juan Martínez aivepo
Chaves Nogales aive neziso riya rekiriniki rezvinyorwa zvehupenyu zvinokwanisa kuve nganonyorwa pakati peiyo epic neiyo iripo. Nyaya iyi ndiyo shandurudzo yake inonyanyozivikanwa kubva munhoroondo yehupenyu kuenda kupasi rose.
Mushure mokukunda mu cabarets yehafu yeEurope, mutambi weflamenco Juan Martínez, nemumwe wake, Sole, vakashamiswa muRussia nezviitiko zvechimurenga zveFebruary 1917. Vasina kukwanisa kubva munyika, muSaint Petersburg, Moscow neKiev ivo. akatambura kuoma kwakakonzerwa neChimurenga chaOctober uye hondo yevagari vemo ine ropa yakatevera.
Mutori wenhau mukuru weSevillian Manuel Chaves Nogales akasangana naMartínez muParis uye, achishamiswa nezviitiko zvaakamuudza, akasarudza kuzviunganidza mubhuku. Tenzi Juan Martínez izvo zvaivepo zvinochengetedza kusimba, hupfumi uye hunhu izvo nyaya yaifadza Chaves inofanira kuve nayo.
Izvozvi, ibhuku rinorondedzera mafambiro anoitwa ma protagonists uye kuti vakakwanisa sei kurarama. Kuburikidza nemapeji ayo anoratidza maartist, machinda makuru eRussia, vasori veGerman, vanoongorora mhondi uye vanofungidzira vemhando dzakasiyana.
Chizvarwa chinofambidzana naCamba, Ruano kana Pla, Chaves aive wemutsara unopenya wevatapi venhau avo, muma30s, vakafamba zvakanyanya kunze kwenyika, vachipa mamwe emapeji akanakisa eSpanish utori venhau nguva dzese.
