Iyo plethora yeakanyanya epano varondedzero enhoroondo yekunyepedzera muSpain yakagadziriswa kutenderedza kusiana kweminhenga iyo inouya kubva munhoroondo yekudzidzira kudzidza kana hunyanzvi mune dzakawanda zviitiko. Asi isu tinowanawo vanyori vakakura verudzi urwu rwekunyepedzera kubva kune iyo Autodidacticism yemunyori pasina zvimwe zvinomiswa, zveiye anotsvaga munhoroondo yenhoroondo kuti ape zvinyorwa zvinonakidza nezve zvakapfuura.
Mune imwe nzira kana imwe iyo poindi ndeyekuti nhoroondo yenhoroondo iri mupenyu kwazvo nekuda kwevanyori vakaita senge Santiago Posteguillo, Jose Luis Corral o Louis clog kune rimwe divi, pamwe nevamwe vakaita Javier Negrete, Slav Galán kana kunyange iyo chaiyo Arturo Perez Reverte ine masimba ayo enhoroondo akasimba akananga kune rakanyanya kutengesa.
Jose Calvo Poyato, watinounza nhasi munzvimbo ino, ndiye mumwe wevatauri vane iyo erudite kumashure kwechiremba mune iyi nyaya. Asi zvakare ndezvekuti munyori wenhau dzakaitika (uyo aivewo wepamberi wezvematongerwo enyika uye asina kumbomira kuve munyori), anoziva nzira yekutsvaga zano rinofungidzira, kukwidza kwenyanzvi, hunhu chaihwo huzere nematanho matsva ekutsvaga.
Uye ndeyekuti nhoroondo yekunyepedzera inokwanisa kudzidzisa marudzi ese evarondedzeri nezve zviitiko zvakasiyana zvekushanduka kwedu sebudiriro kubva kudivi renyika kuenda kune rimwe.
Nyaya ya José Calvo Poyato, ane basa rekutenderedza makumi matatu zvinyorwa pakati pekunyepedzera uye kukurudzira (pasina kukanganwa izvo zvinoshandura ego Peter harris, kune siginecha yake yaanopa mabasa ane chekuita nekufungidzirwa kweiyo nhoroondo kunongedzera kurangano kunge chirauro chekunyora), nguva pfupi yadarika anga achitora nzira dzenhoroondo yekunyepedzera neyekupedzisira kwechakavanzika chinosanganisira muverengi.
Novels ine chirauro chevatengesi zvakanyanya asi anogara aine hukasha hwechiremba mune iyi nyaya, yechokwadi yakasarudzika iyo inogara ichigutsa vaverengi mukutsvaga izvo varaidzo zvakaenzana nekutsvaga ruzivo nezve chero chikamu munhoroondo.
Mabhuku matatu epamusoro akakurudzirwa naJosé Calvo Poyato
Musori wamambo
Pakutanga ini ndakasarudza runyorwa ruchangobva kuitika umo basa remunyori rinofashukira muchitsauko chimwe nechimwe, munzvimbo yega yega, mune yega nhaurirano.
Munguva zhinji dzenhoroondo mushure mekudonha kwehushe hweSpain (kumashure muzana ramakore regumi nenomwe), zvinoita (pazvisinganyatso kuoneswa) sekunge nyika iri kumashure kwePyrenees yaigara ichingoita zvekuremekedza vamwe veWestern Europe pakuramba uchienderera mberi.
Musiyano uyu unonyanya kunakidza munhoroondo iyi naPoyato matinobva kunopenya (neutsi hwekutanga hwechitema) muLondon yezana remakore regumi nemasere kuenda kuMadrid umo picaresque ichiri kuita kunge uzivi hwakakosha hwehupenyu, kunyangwe hazvo kupenya kwe Chiedza chakaita sekunge chaida kupinda mukati meganda remombe. Nekudaro, iro rekare humambo huchiri kurota kutsiva kutuka kwaro kurwisa Albion anonyangadza.
Mufambisi wengarava akaita saJorge Juan anoenda kuEngland kunotora chikamu mukufambira mberi kwemauto kwenguva iyi, achiviga kufarira kwake kuunganidza ruzivo rweSpain muchiito chakafanana nekuvapo kwake kuri nyore senhume yepamutemo.
Pasina kupokana mumwe wevasori vekutanga munhoroondo. Pamwe pamwe nerwendo urwu tinowana tariro yekupedzisira yezvematongerwo enyika, iyo Riojan Marqués de la Ensenada inoedza kuburitsa hurongwa hwakaenzana nezviito zvaJorge Juan zve, kumashure kumashure, Fernando VI. Zano rinosanganisira manejimendi ezvematongerwo enyika mavanotora mukana wekukonana pakati peFrance neEngland.
Ropa mumugwagwa weTurk
General Prim uye hunhu hwaFernando Besora vanogovana kwavo kuguta: Reus. Uye nyaya inotenderera pavanhu vaviri ava mune imwe yenguva dzinonakidza munhoroondo yeSpain iyo yakadzokera kuzana ramakore rechiXNUMX.
Kwakawanda kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX, General Prim akabuda semunhu anotungamira, kutanga muchiuto uye gare gare mune zvematongerwo enyika.
Pasina kupokana aive hunhu ane chiono chinofambira mberi chakatenderedza hupenyu hwake, kunyangwe nenzira yakafanana, nzvimbo yakakosha yemumwe hunhu iyo inoumba hupfumi hwechiitiko chekufambira mberi kwenhoroondo, murume wambotaurwa Fernando Besora.
Kukakavadzana kwezvematongerwo enyika kwenguva ino kufambira mberi apo Besora anotsvaga nzvimbo yake semunyori, munyori wenhau uye kunyange netsaona mutori venhau wezviitiko zvine shanduko zvenguva.
Nhau kubva kumatimu maviri akazara enigmas, adventures uye zvakare rudo uye kunyange epic. kubva kuMadrid neyakaipisisa calle del Turco kuenda kuParis yakanyungudika kune wese angave wekupedzisira mambo weFrance.
Mukuru mukuru
Humambo hweSpain hwakati hwawana kubwinya kukuru, vatambi vakaita saGonzalo Fernández de Córdoba vakave zvinhu zvakakosha zvekusimbisa humhondi hwakatsigirwa pazviitiko zvakawanda kubva kuhondo.
Pakutanga, Gonzalo de Córdoba anofanira kunge akanzwa kusabvisirwa nhaka kubva kuAragon yake yekutanga, asi kuzvarwa kwake uye kurovedzwa zvakamutungamira kuhondo pazvainge zvakafanira kuti chimwe chezvikamu zviviri zveSpain cheMambo wechiKatorike chisazopedzisira charohwa.
Kutyisidzira kweFrance kwaigona kungowanikwa nemunhu wese aiziva saCaptain Mukuru pasi pekutonga kwake uye mukuvapo kwake kuri nyore aigona kuvakazve mweya yekukunda. Chiitiko chekupedzisira chekutangazve kwechimiro.
Iyo inoverengeka yainyanya kuenzanisira biography yeimwe yezvakakosha zveNhoroondo. Kubva kuCórdoba, kwaakange akaendeswa kuutapwa mukufungidzira kwakanakisa kwemunhu aigona kuzvipira kuzorora uye akazoguma ave muenzaniso weuto rese.
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