Iwo matatu mabhuku akanakisa neshanduko Karl Marx

Kana paine ideologue, anofunga kana wadii kutaura, dombo repakona munyika kufunga kwakasimba kubva muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX kusvika nhasi, ndiko Karl Marx. Sezvakatoitika na Friedrich Nietzsche kana nemumwewo muzivi kana anofunga, nguva nenguva ndinoda kuunza avo vanyori vakajekesa kufunga, avo vakashandisa zvinyorwa senzvimbo yekuisa dema chena, uko kunozadza ramangwana ravo dzidziso nepfungwa, maonero avo ekujekesa pachokwadi chiri kuuya pamusoro pevanhu mune zvematongerwo enyika, zvemagariro, zvesainzi uye kunyange zvehungwaru.

Kubva kuna Marx kwakauya, hongu, Marxism. Asi zvakare kubva kwaari kwakabuda chikomunizimu kana nhoroondo yezvinhu. Panyaya yaKarl Marx, inogara iri nyaya yekutarisana nezviri pachena nezvakazvimirira zvechokwadi, zvekukoshesa pakakoromoka nekubvisa tambo yesimbi yesimba, yakatsunga kuita vanhu vanogara vachitaurirana nemavhiri emagetsi, kubva kuhutongi kusvika iyo yairarama naiye, matsva ekugadzira masisitimu emafekitori kutanga kwehupfumi hwazvino hwave kutonga kusvika zvino (handifungi kutaura kuti razvino capitalist system ine chekuita nezano rekutanga zano rekugadzirwa kwezvinhu. uye kudyiwa).

Zvinotonyanya kuitika kuti dai Marx anga asina kuzvarwa, angadai aifanira kunge akaigadzira. Saka kukanganiswa kwechimiro chake muEurope kwaive kwakajeka. Pakati pevamiriri vezvematongerwo enyika vakazvipira kumutsiridzo nekuda kwavo uye vemabhizimusi vakasarudza kushaya hanya nevashandi, Marx akabuda nepfungwa yake yechikominisiti, dzidziso yekupokana nehukama hwakatemerwa kare uye hwakakomborerwa naAdam Smith.

Dambudziko rekurwa mukirasi rakapihwa muhafu yeEurope. Uye hazvigone kutaurwa kuti Marx aingova iye theoretician wechimurenga. Aive akabatanidzwa mukuwanda kwechimurenga kufamba, kunyange kubhadhara zvombo zvekushandisa pane dzimwe nguva.

NeCommunist Manifesto sebasa rakakura, Marx akabudirira kuisa inodiwa kirasi kuziva. Zvichida iyo yekupedzisira hondo, kubvira kuziviswa zviri pamutemo, haizombokundwa nekuda kwekusawirirana kuri pakati penzvimbo dzekuruboshwe-mapapiro dzinoenderera nanhasi.

Panguva iyoyo pakange pasina kuwirirana neanarchists, vevowo veiyo yakasarudzika ikozvino seThe International uye inotungamirwa naMarx. Anarchists vaBakunin vaigara vachiramba izvo zvinonzi nyika, iyo yepakati simba rekugadzirisa kutsauka kwakasununguka. Uye maererano nezvakaitika muRussia, Cuba kana dzimwe nhare dzemakomunist dzichangoburwa, vaitaura chokwadi. Dzidziso, izvo zvakanyorwa naMarx uye zvakagamuchirwa naLennin zvinogona kuve nehukama hwakaenzana, hweutopia. Asi Marx aisakwanisa kufungidzira kuti simba rinokanganisa zvese, nguva dzose.

Kunyangwe izvi, iro rakanakira simba rinogara richishanda senzvimbo yepamusoro uye sedziviriro yekutanga kurwisa capitalism isingadzorwe. Uye mune yaro isingasvikike fananidzo zviri pachena kuti kudikanwa nanhasi.

Wepamusoro matatu akakurudzira mabhuku aMarx

Manifesto echikominisiti

Pamwe naEngels, Karl Marx akanyora bhuku iri kumashure muna 1848. Kunyangwe risiri iro bhuku rake rakadzama, akarinunura pakutanga kune kukosha kwaro munhoroondo.

Achitsvaga mutauro unotsanangudza uye unogara uchijekesa pamhepo yehupfumi hwemabhizimusi, hunyanzvi hwake hwakaita senheyo yekufamba kwese kwekirasi kunotevera.

Sezvandamboreva kare, chero bedzi zvinopesana zvisina kuratidzwa, munhu haakwanise utopia yehupenyu hwechokwadi hwevanhu, uyo anozvipira kupedzisa kuenzana, kukanganisa pakati pemakirasi.

Nezvikonzero zvese izvi, iri bhuku rinotora zvido zvemamirioni evanhu vanoshanda vachitsvaga kurongeka kwevanhu, pamusoro pekujekesa kwaro chokwadi, zvinopa kuwanda kwekutenda, zvitendero, tariro, rudzi rweBhaibheri rezvematongerwo enyika uye zvematongerwo enyika zvakare yakarongedzwa neakachenjera murume ideology yakaumbwa kubva muchiitiko, zviitiko uye shanduko dzevanhu kubvira iyo imwe shanduko, yeindasitiri.

Kutsvaga kwakajeka kwekuyera pakati pezvakakosha pfungwa dzakadai seProduct Relations, Zvigadzirwa zveMasimba uye Kuziva Kwemagariro izvo zvave kufambisa nyika kudzamara kwehunyanzvi hwekuvandudza kwehunyanzvi neyakagadziriswa nzira (Karl Marx nyowani inodiwa, sekudya).

The Capital

Inofungidzirwa sechinhu chakagadzirwa naMarx. Kuti usangane nemuvengi wako, zvakakosha kuti umuzive ... Uye ndosaka bhuku iri richinzwisiswa nechinangwa chekuparadzanisa hupfumi hwezvematongerwo enyika, nezvose zvinoreva kuti chinangwa ichi ndechekuti zvematongerwo enyika nehupfumi nguva dzose zvinofambidzana.

Ruoko rusingaonekwe rwaAdam Smith runoda rumwe ruoko rwababa vehurumende vanoziva kudzoreredza zvakawandisa zvemwanakomana asinganzwisisike senge musika. Iri ibasa rakanyorwa kwemakore maviri asi rakapedzwa naEngels kuburikidza nemubatanidzwa wakamutora makore mapfumbamwe mushure mekufa kwaMarx.

Ichokwadi ndechekuti basa iri padhiabhori redhiistori pamberi paro panoratidzwa chimiro chaMarx chinova chimwe cheZvibvumirano zvakanakisa zvehurongwa hwehutungamiriri mune chero hupi hupi hupi hupi hupi hupi hupi hupi hupi hupi hupi hupi hupi hupi hupi hupi hwekuita, pakufungidzira uye chete chido chekupedzisira chekugutsa chido.

Zvehukuru hwakakomba hwehunyanzvi, zvisinei hazvo zvinounza kupenya kwemashoko, kucherechedzwa kwepasi pevhu kwehurongwa hwemabhizimusi ...

Kurumbidzwa kwemhosva

Kubva kumunyori mukuru, kushomeka. Izvo zvinogara zvichinakidza kuwana iro rakakosha bhuku, iro basa iro rinongoerekana raunza imwe maonero kana kuwira mumatomu ari kure kwazvo. Kune zvakawanda atavistic mune zvakaipa, mumhirizhonga, mune mhosva.

Uye kusahadzika kupi kuripo kuti inyaya yatinogara tichigara nayo sevagari? Zvazviri kuna Karl Marx mune iri basa rehumwe kuongorora nzira dzakatarisana kuti dzipikisane nehuipi, mhosva, shanduko yetsika kuita mutemo, kuomarara kwepamutemo uye, pakupedzisira, chokwadi, kusaenzana kwematsotsi kuri pakati pemakirasi.