Paunenge uchiedza kutsvaga munyori akanakisa munyika, zvakanakisa kutendeukira kune kubvumirana kwenzvimbo yetsika yenyika iyoyo. Uye mune yechiGerman kesi iyo yakazara mhedziso inosarudza Johann Wolfgang von Goethe semunyori mukurusa wenyaya uyo akazvarwa akatsika panyika iyoyo.
Ndiani anoziva kana iyo magariro epamusoro yaive chinangwa chake chekupedzisira. Chiri pachena ndechekuti nemabasa ake aitsvaga existential transcendence, kusafa. Faust Yake, inyanzvi yepasi rose, inopinda nemumhute ichipinda munyika yeuchenjeri, ruzivo, hunhu, zvese zvine chekuita nemunhu muhurongwa hwake hwakakwana uye hwakaoma hwekushanduka-shanduka.
Asi Goethe aive nerudo, chikuru pane ose, zvichida. Uye izvo zvaireva chinangwa chemweya kunyangwe kune esoteric. Chinangwa chaGoethe chingave chinopfuura kupedzisira ave munyori akadzidza, asi kuwana zita remunyori anofamba nemweya wemunhu, akananga kudenga kana kugehena. Hazvisi zvakanyanya pamusoro pekuwana mhinduro dzakasimba kana vavariro dzechokwadi, asi pamusoro pekuunganidza zviitiko zvemukati uye maonero ehupfumi hwakakura.
Nekuti kuziva ... sainzi yanga yatovepo, mune akasiyana mabharanzi uyu munyori anoshamisa akagadzira zvakare. Kubva pane yakasimba anatomical senge optics uye osteology kune kemesitiri kana geology. Goethe pasina mubvunzo akatasva kunetseka kwake nepese paanogona napo, achigara achitsvaga minda mitsva yekuwana nekudzidza. Sekufananidzwa kwehukuru hwake hukuru, Goethe akasarudzawo zvematongerwo enyika, apo kuti ave wezvematongerwo enyika akatsvaga akarimwa zvakanyanya uye ane zvipo ...
Goethe akararama makore makumi masere nemasere. Uye chinhu chekudanana chakanyora sekureba sezvachakaita. Mumakore ake ekupedzisira semunyori wezvinyorwa, zvishoma zveizvo zvinonakidza kudanana zvakasara uye munyori wekare kwazvo akabuda, chinhu chakajairika kune munyori akatasva pakati pezana regumi nemasere negumi nemapfumbamwe emakore. Mumakore mazhinji ehupenyu, humbowo hwake hwakanga hwakakosha munhoroondo yeEurope. Kufuridzira kwevamwe vanyori uye vakafunga, pamwe pamwe naLeonardo Da Vinci, murume akangwara kwazvo munhoroondo ...
Nhoroondo dzepamusoro naJohann Wolfgang von Goethe
Kubwinya
Faust aigara ari munhu wengano wekusazvibata kwevanhu, kuda zvisina muganho uye chishuwo. Chii chinopokana pamusoro peFaust ndechekuti ichi chinangwa chese-chakazara chakajeka sezvo chisina kunaka.
Uye kubva pane ichi chirevo chakapfuma icho chiri chehunhu hunhu, Goethe aiziva kugadzira imwe yenhau huru kwazvo, inokwanisa kusanganisa mazano ese emunhu, kubva kune ane chinzvimbo kusvika kune anotya kwazvo.
Nekuti pane nguva dzose pane chikonzero chekuita uye kuzvibata. Isu tese tiri chidiki cheFaust, inokwanisa kufunga kutengesa mweya yedu kuna dhiabhori mukutsinhana nekunakidzwa nehupenyu hwakazara. Kuzara kunogara kuri nyaya yekugutsa kuda kwedu kwezivo, uye mukuti isu tiri kusiya hupenyu hwedu ...
Muripo ndiko kugarwa kwedu nadhiyabhorosi..., asi ikoko kuchava mune humwe hupenyu, kana wangosiya nyika ino netsoka dzako kutanga uye nyemwerero inotonhorera yekuwana zvese, kubva paruzivo rwepamusoro kusvika paruzivo. mufaro. Ndiyo yakanga iri pfungwa yaFausto, chikonzero chake chokutengesa mweya wake. Uye zvakadaro, muFaust tinowana kushushikana kwakadzama kwezviripo.
Mushure mezvose, dhiabhori anoziva zviripo maererano nezvatisingakwanise nekuziva zvese nekutenderera zvese. Goethe aiziva kukwidziridza ngano iyi kuchikamu chemutambo wepamusoro wevanhu, pakukwirira kwe Divine Comedy yaDante.
Kudzidza kwaWilhelm Meister Makore
Ichi chinyorwa chinonakidza kwazvo chakavigwa naFausto. Zvinonyanya kuitika kuti yakanyorwa nevanyori vakawanda munhoroondo, ingadai yakakwira kusvika pamwero webasa guru, asi munyaya yeGoethe, inoramba iri panzvimbo yechipiri ... Uye izvo, sezvandinotaura, izvi. novel ine hukuru hwakawanda.
Munyori akangwara anotungamira hunhu mune fananidzo yekudzidza munzvimbo dzese, kubva kunyanya kunyanya kune huchenjeri, masimba masimba, ruzivo rwezvakatipoteredza. Akanaka wekare Wihelm Meister anotaura nevakachenjera zvikuru, zvinoratidza pane zvaakadzidza.
Asi hunhu hunozivawo kuratidzwa kwehunyanzvi uye hunopinda mune zvakasikwa kuti utsvage kukosha kwezvose. Uye kunyangwe ichi chitarisiko chedzidziso pane hwakawanda hwehukama, hwekududzira iye munhu anofambira mberi munzira yake, yehupenyu hwekurarama.
Vechidiki Werther's Misadventures
Munguva yaGoethe kunyora nyaya dzerudo chaive chimwe chinhu. Yakanga iri nguva yakareba pinki isati yapa hupenzi uye neyakaomarara manzwiro (hei, tinogamuchirwa kune yazvino genre).
Rudo sekukakavara munguva yaGoethe kwaivepo kuvapo kwakanyanya kwazvo. Iyo epistolary kuvakwa kweiri bhuku rinotendera wekutanga-munhu nzira kune zvishuwo uye kutambura kwerudo.
Hunhu hwehunhu hwemunhu ari murudo uye nhamo yekudonha senzira yekuita kwakaipisisa ruvengo, kutsiva kana kuzviparadza.
Rudo runogona kuve munda wakaorera wekugovana kana dongo renjodzi yekunzwa kugona kukunda kufunga kwese, zvese zvinodaro. Werther naCarlota, pamwe nemunin'ina waWerther, Guillermo.
Pakati pevatatu yavo nyaya yerudo yakavakwa iyo inotikoka kuti tione kupfuura tsamba, kuti tinzwe chibhakera chemutumiri pane zvakaitika kumuverengi.
