Zvematongerwo enyika fungidziro, pakunzwisisa kwangu, yakasvika pakakwirira nehunhu hunotaridzika asi hwakatsunga hunhu. Munyori akahwanda kuseri kwezita rekunyepedzera ra George Orwell kutisiira mabasa echidzidzo cheanthological ane madosi makuru ekushoropodzwa kwezvematongerwo enyika nemagariro.
Uye hongu, sezvamunonzwa, George Orwell ingori pseudonym yekusaina zvinyorwa. Hunhu pachezvake chainyanya kunzi Eric Arthur Blair, chokwadi chisingayeukwi nguva dzose pakati pezvimwe zvemunyori uyu akararama mukati memakore akaoma zvikuru eEurope, hafu yekutanga yezana remakore rechi20 yakazara neropa.
Heino vhoriyamu yakazara neakanakisa eGeorge Orwell…
Kubva pasainzi ngano kuenda kungano, chero rudzi kana rondedzero inogona kuve yakakodzera kuburitsa fungidziro yakakosha nezvezvematongerwo enyika, simba, hondo. Iyo rondedzero yaOrwell inoita kunge kumwe kuwedzerwa kwenzvimbo yake yekushandira munharaunda. Akanaka akura George kana Eric, chero chaunoda kumudaidza izvozvi, chingave chinogara chiri musoro wechinangwa chese chezvematongerwo enyika chakamira pakati peyeye, kubva kuhurumende yekunze kwenyika yavo uye nekuwedzera kwechinyakare kukonzeresa impiriyasi kune masimba ezvehupfumi. Pakati yemaitiro ehukama hwevanhu, uye pasina kukanganwa mafashama echinyakare ehafu yeEurope.
Saka kuverenga Orwell hakumbokusiye usina hanya. Kujekesa kana kutsoropodza kutsoropodza kunokoka kufungisisa pane shanduko yedu sebudiriro. Ivo vanogovana uku kukudzwa kwekushoropodzwa kwezvematongerwo enyika zvakanyanya huxley Chemhondoro Bradbury. Mbiru nhatu dzakakosha dzekuona nyika sedystopia, njodzi yebudiriro yedu.
3 Dzinokurudzirwa Novel naGeorge Orwell
1984
Pandakaverenga bhuku iri, mukuita kuvirisa pfungwa dzakafanana nedzehudiki, ndakashamiswa nekwaniso yaOrwell yekubatanidza kutipa iyo yakanaka yenharaunda yakadzingwa (yakanakira kutenga, capital uye zvishuwo zvekunyepedzera, hongu. )
Maministries ekunangisa manzwiro, masirogani ekujekesa pfungwa..., Mutauro uchisvika padanho repamusoro-soro rekutaura kuti utange wawana kubviswa kwepfungwa, kusava nechinhu uye kuzadza kunozotevera kune kuravira uye kufarira kwepamusoro zvematongerwo enyika pabasa rekufanana. Iyo yaidiwa pfungwa imwe chete inowanikwa ne semantic lobotomy.
Pfupiso: London, 1984: Winston Smith anosarudza kupandukira hurumende yehutongi iyo inodzora yega yega mafambiro evagari vayo uye inoranga kunyangwe avo vanopara mhosva nemafungiro avo. Achiziva mhedzisiro yakaipa iyo kupokana kunogona kuunza, Winston ajoina iyo isinganzwisisike Hama kuburikidza nemutungamiri O''Brien.
Zvishoma nezvishoma, zvakadaro, protagonist yedu inoziva kuti kana Hukama kana O''Brien handizvo zvavanoonekwa kunge ivo, uye kuti kupandukira, shure kwezvose, kungave kuri kusingakwanisike chinangwa. Nekutsvagisa kwayo kwesimba uye hukama uye kutsamira kwainogadzira muvanhu, 1984 ndeimwe yenhau dzinovhiringidza uye dzinobata dzezana rino.
Kumukira papurazi
Ahhh, nguruve dzemakomunisti, fananidzo yakadii. iye he. Ndiregererei rezinesi rinoseka. Ndakafarira bhuku iri, asi handigoni kurega kufungidzira kusafara kwaGeorge nekomonisiti yeRussia. Iye, sevamwe vakawanda, aifunga kuti Lenin's postulates ndiyo yakanaka yenzanga. Asi mumwe munhu akarasikirwa nekutaura kwaLenin kana kuti Stalin akapedzisira aikanda pasi muchimbuzi.
Mubhuku rino George Orwell, ndinonzwisisa kuti nekuora mwoyo kunotyisa anozopedzisira atsanangura nenzira yengano hunyengeri hwechiKomonisiti hwakaitwa. Iwo mazano, akanaka, akaitwa uye akaendeswa kune zvakanyanyisa. Iyo rezinesi mune zviito, zvinoenderana nenyaya yekuti iwo ndiwo "akanaka" mazano. Zvese zvimwe zvinotenderedzwa nekuti, zvakadzika pasi, magumo anoruramisa nzira ...
Pfupiso: Iyo ngano senge chishandiso chekunyora inoverengeka yezvekunyepedzera nezvecommunism. Mhuka dzekurima dzine hutongi hwakajeka hwakavakirwa pamatanho asingarambiki. Nguruve ndidzo dzinonyanya kukoshesa tsika nemaitiro epurazi.
Kudimikira kuseri kwengano kwakapa zvakawanda kuti zvitaurwe nezve kuratidzwa kwayo mumasangano akasiyana ezvematongerwo enyika enguva iyoyo. Kurerutswa kwekushandurwa kwemhuka kunofumura misungo yese yemasimba ezvematongerwo enyika. Kana kuverenga kwako kuri kungotsvaga kwevaraidzo, iwe unogona zvakare kuverenga pasi pechinhu chakanakisa chimiro.
Mutero kuCatalonia
Uye tichiri pazviri, ndinopedzisa chinzvimbo ichi nenhoroondo yehondo yevagari vekuSpain. Zvichida akanyora mutero neimwe yeBritish kuseka, nekuti izvo Orwell akasangana nazvo kumberi sebrigadier uye kuti akapedzisira achinjisa kune iri bhuku zvinoparadza.
Communism yakatarisana neMarxism uye pasina muvengi akafanana kuti akwanise kurwa nehafu. Kusafunga kwakasvika pakunyanyisa kwakadaro. Hondo yeSpain kurwisana sehutachiona hwefascism uye hutongi hwehutongi huchauya gare gare ...
Pfupiso: Mutero kuCatalonia hapana mubvunzo kuti nderimwe remabhuku akakosha ezana ramakore rechiXNUMX, anoyemurwa nevanyori veese mazera nemamiriro, kubva kuConnolly kana Trilling kusvika Javier Cercas, Antony Beevor kana Mario Vargas Llosa, uyo akasvika muBarcelona mumakore makumi matanhatu basa iri pasi peruoko rwake.
Chinyorwa chakakosha pahondo kuSpain, iyo yakashanda sedhirezi kudzidzira kweHondo Yenyika II, uye inounganidza ruzivo rwega hwaGeorge Orwell. Munyori weBritish akasvika muBarcelona mune yakazara echimurenga efficiucence muna Zvita 1936 uye pasingasviki gore aifanira kutiza michina isingakundiki yeSoviet yekuve mumwe wemauto ePOUM.
Kuvimbika uye ushingi uhwo Orwell anorondedzera zvaakaona uye zvaakararama zvinomuita iye munyori wetsika par kugona. Mutero kuCatalonia chiratidzo chine simba nemurume uye zvinopesana nezvinobviswa izvo zvinoguma zvichizoguma zvave kutyisa.
