Iwo matatu akanakisa nhoroondo mabhuku eSpain

Rudzi rwese rune iyo inoparadzanisa midzi semusanganiswa wevanhu pane dzakawanda nguva mukukonana. Spain yaisazove yakasarudzika uye kuumbwa kwayo kunobva mukubatana kusingafungidzirwe, vagaries yekupedzisira uye kuswedera, kunyanya iko kuswedera uko, kupfuura kwekutota kwakanyorova kwekurota kwekufarikana, kunotsanangudza kuvagari veimwe nzvimbo dzepasi rino kufanana kwakajeka. Icho chaicho chokwadi chekuve chedzinza, ine ndima yakajairika sepeninsula uye yakawedzerwa mumusanganiswa, haigone kumisikidza kusiyanisa zvinhu kupfuura zvakafungidzirwa.

Gadzira mabhuku eichi kana chimwewo chinhu nezve nhoroondo yeSpain ine njodzi dzayo. Nekuti kupfuura iyo nhoroondo dzekunyepedzera panogona kugarwa zvese, mabhuku enhoroondo sezvinhu zvinodzidzisa zvine njodzi yekuve maturusi ezvematongerwo enyika. Saka iwe unofanirwa kutenderera zvakanaka kwazvo kuti uwane izvo mabhuku nezvenhoroondo yeSpain kuti zvinovakirwa pamanyoro akaomarara uye izvo zvinokwezva runyorwa rwekuita kuti basa rakanaka remunyori riite kufarira kuzivisa, nguva dzose nekwaniso yekuvhura kune zvakawanikwa nekuwongorora nekuenzanisa kwakasiyana masosi.

Iko hakuna vashoma vashoma vechiSpanish mhiri kwemiganhu yedu avo vakazvipa ivo pachavo kune iyo nyaya yenyaya yechiSpanish nechivimbo ichocho chinoratidzika kunge chinopa nhoroondo asepsis, rusununguko rwezvinodiwa. Dzese idzi kesi dzakasiiwa seyekunyepedzera uye dzinoumba mufananidzo weiyo chiSpanish serwendo runonakidza uko pasina nzvimbo yekunyepedzera-inofambira mberi zvivakwa kana vaFarise vanokwanisa kunyange kugadzira zvisaririra zvekunyepera kuisa imwe chikamu cheSpain pamberi payo seine nhoroondo yakakura kodzero ... Haisi chinhu changu, iwe unogona. tarisa pano sechiratidziro chemasimba akaparadzanisa masimba ekunyepedzera zvese. Yakanyanya kutadza kesi kupfuura yekunyepedzera chiCatalan INH ...

Kunze kweropa reropa remureza (ko kana tikasiya rakatsvuka, yero uye tsvuku isina nhoo? Pakati pevhu pakati pea tricolor nemamonarchist), zvinonyanya kufadza kufunga nezve mubatanidzwa nekuda kweicho chokwadi. zvekuswedera padyo kwetroir. Nekuti ivo vanoparadzanisa chero nzvimbo vanogara mune yavo reverie, muIthaca inofamba nemumakungwa epasi rinovanyima mamiriro avo… ekunyepedzera.

Wepamusoro matatu akanakisa nhoroondo nhoroondo yeSpain

Nhoroondo yeSpain, naArturo Pérez Reverte

Mhedziso yekuva Spanish nhasi yadhakwa nemaonero, mazano, zvivakwa uye mumvuri murefu wekufungidzira pamusoro pehunhu hunoshanda sechikonzero chekupokana kunogara kwakatenderedza zvazvinoreva kuva chiSpanish. Mavara uye Manichaeism anoremedza chero pfungwa yechinhu chiSpanish, mukuda kwevaya vese vanorangana kupokana neicho chokwadi chekuve, kuchizadza nemhosva, kuchisvika kubva kuchidimbu chinofarira chenguva iyo inodzoreredza mapasiro erima kuti itore mukana wayo.

Pfungwa yekushanda nesimba yekuti Spain parizvino yakafanana neapo yaigarwa nekukamurwa neboka, inofungidzira kuzivikanwa kwakakwana kuti zvese zvarasika, kuti avo vakachinja pasi pechirevo chimwe vanozvichengetera ivo pachavo pamberi peavo vaida icho sechimwe chinhu. zvakawanda muuzhinji uye zvakasiyana. Kusazvibata kuhunhu hwenyika iyo, senge chero imwe, yaive uye ine mwenje nemimvuri uye iyo, pakupedzisira, haifanire kunge iri yeyedzidziso asi yeavo vanogara pachifuva chisingazivikanwe uye chakazara vanhu.

Ndokusaka zvisingamborwadzi kuteerera kune akakosha munyori wezuva redu. Munyori anoita pasina kupokana nezve chikonzero chekuzivikanwa kubva kune anecdotal kusvika kune yakakosha. Nekuti irwo rudzi rwekuunganidzwa kwemifungo rine nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzepasirose dzeIberia panorama umo vanokanganisa, vanyengeri, vanoreva nhema, vanyengeri vechiito uye indoctrinator vasina dzidziso yavo vakabudirira uye vachibudirira, kubva kumativi ese enhema-pfungwa.

Uye ini ndinoti "pseudo" ndichiisa pamberi pemafungiro nekuti chaizvo, pazviitiko zvakawanda ndezve izvo, kubvisa nhema, kuratidza kunyepa, kunyora pamwe naPererez Reverte anonyanya kukuvadza stletto kupedzisira achimaka imwe neimwe nematambudziko avo.

Kuzvikudza kwekuva Spanish kana chiPutukezi kana chiFrench kunogara mukubwinya kwevanhu vachiri vakasununguka kubva mukunyara kweiyi hunhu kunoreva nhema. Kuti vasangane nechinofungidzirwa kuve nyika yako, veSpanish vatsva vanogumbuka vanopfeka mureza wakapesana, iwo uyo unovapfekedza muchokwadi nekuchena, iyo isina kumbodzivirira miscreants kana isiri matsotsi. Senge vanhu vakaipa vanogona kunge vari kudivi rimwe chete, sekunge kufunga kwakasiyana navo kunenge kuri kunyura mune iyoyo inonzi nhema Spain kuti kana iripo ndizvo chaizvo nekuda kwehuso hunotyisa umo vamwe vanongotarisa neziso rezuro, uye vamwe, se mhinduro inokuvadza, vakapiwa kumidzimu yekare.

Nekuti hazvina kufanana kudzokorora iko kungodzoserwa kwekodzero uye kukudzwa kwevakakundwa muhondo chero ipi zvayo pane kuyedza kunyudza zvese zvese mukunyadzisa, kusvika kumagumo ezuva uye nezvese chinofamba nhanho imwechete.

La Historia para Pérez Reverte inzvimbo yekutaura zvakasununguka, pasina mutauro unomanikidzwa nevezvematongerwo enyika, pasina zvikwereti nevatsigiri vayo, vasina kuzvipira uye vasina chinangwa chekunyora nhoroondo nyowani. Nhoroondo ipfungwa futi, sekureba sekunge iyi isiri iyo yakazvimiririra yekuzvishandira nhema.

Zvese zviri kuzviisa pasi. Uye izvo zvinonyatso kuzivikanwa nemunyori uyo anoita kuti kunzwira tsitsi chishandiso chekutengeserana. Uye saka tinowana bhuku iri rinotaura nezve hutsinye apo hutsinye hwaive mutemo uye rinovhura kukakavara pakapesana kwemafungiro kwakatungamira kudutu.

Spain, kuwanda kwemarudzi zvichienderana nekuti ndiani anoiona, purojekiti nekubatana kwenzvimbo, nyika yekumusha neyakagovaniswa hodgepodge kubva kuPyrenees kuenda kuGibraltar. Zvese kune imwe mune yakasarudzika mess, kutora chikamu mune ine mbiri nguva kana rima mapeji, zvinoenderana nemabatiro avari kuda kuverenga.

Pérez Reverte izwi rehunyanzvi mune iro remazita ari pamachira anopisa ayo ari mireza, nyaya yezvingave iri Spain izvo chinhu chakanakisa, zvakapusa, kutarisa vamwe sevakaenzana uye kunakidzwa nezvinhu zvavo patinofamba ne kushamwaridzana kwekuda kuziva kweangu kure akasimudza mamvemve. Chishoma kana chimwe chinhu chisiri Spain, kunyangwe tsamba yekutyisidzira yenziyo. A Royal Kurume iyo kunyangwe kwayakatangira yakarasika mune yakasarudzika yekugadzira imputation.

Nhoroondo yeSpain yakaudzwa kune vasina chokwadi, naslav galán

Zvinoitika sekune zvese. Kamwe iyo hunyanzvi kana chidzidzo chave kugona, munhu anogona kukwanisa kuzviita mune zvakadzama, kushandura yakajairwa mutinhimira iyo zvinhu zvinoratidzwa. Uye iwe unogona kunyange kupa maonero ako pane iyo nyaya sekureba sekunge icho chinodudzirwa chinoratidzwa. Nekuti hongu, munhoroondo kune zvakare zvipenga uye kune nzvimbo apo fungidziro inozadzisa izvo zvisingaite nhoroondo hazvisvike.

Kune avo vanoifukidza nekuisazve nhoroondo uye avo vanozviita nekufungidzira kune yega yega kukoshesa. Zviripachena misiyano pakati peasina hutano kudzidziswa kwechikonzero chero chipi zvacho, mune yedu nyaya yekuparadzanisa, uye chikumbiro chekutsvaga kana kuongorora mune yakasvinuka pfungwa ...

Kubva prehistory kusvika Podemos, munyori anoongorora nhoroondo yenyika yedu achitaura nenzira yepakutanga uye inovaraidza inobata vaverengi. Iyi ndiyo nhoroondo yeSpain iyo, sekutaurwa kwatinoitwa nemunyori, haizvinyepere kunge ichokwadi, chakaringana uye chisina tsitsi, nekuti hapana nhoroondo iri. Haiitirwe kubata kumeso madzimambo nevatongi, uye haina chinangwa chekubata kumabhengi, kana Episcopal Musangano, kana nzanga yevanhurume, kana philatelic, kana mubatanidzwa.

Iri ibasa rinokwanisa kudzidzisa, kuzivisa uye kufadza muzvikamu zvakaenzana, rakanyorwa neyakajeka nzira inodzidzisa yaEslava Galán, uko nyaya yezviitiko zvikuru yakawedzerwa kune iya yeanonyanya kufarira uye asingazivikanwe maanecdotes eva protagonists venhoroondo yedu. . Kune zvese, basa risingafanirwe kupotsa.

Vanhu vakatengeswa, naPaul preston

Tichifunga zvakadzama zvenguva dzakasiyana dzeSpain, Paul Preston anotora keke mune iro tinderbox raive iro ramakore rechimakumi maviri reSpain iyo yakaedza kubata midzi pakati pekutengesa, hutsinye uye ruvengo rune simba, pamwe rwakazvarwa kubva kunjodzi dzekoloni yezana ramakore rapfuura uye kukura pakati penhamo yavo.

Panguva yaLazarillo de Tormes payakanyorwa, hunyanzvi hwekukura kweSpanish hwakanga hwangotongerwa ramangwana, iwo musanganiswa pakati pehunhu hwekupona uye zvishuwo zvevose botarate vanobatanidzwa mukanzura kana wezvematongerwo enyika.

Hakusi kuti ivo vese vaive, asi pakati pevaya vese vakasvika pasimba, vazhinji veavo mavara emutungamiri, vakadzoserwa nekuda kwechikonzero mazana emakore mazhinji gare gare neupenzi hwe Inclán Valley. Mucherechedzi akangwara uye munyori wenhoroondo ane hunyanzvi saPaul Preston zvechokwadi anoshamiswa nekunyimwa kwekubudirira kwevakawanda vatungamiriri-vatungamiriri vachida sycophantic chumps avo vangangoita nguva dzose, semumabhuku madema, vanopedzisira vakunda.

Mune rakakura bhuku remunyori wechiChirungu, iri vhoriyamu rinoshanda senzira yekufananidza kana hazvo sekuumbanidzwa kwezvinyorwa zvinoenderana nezana ramakore rechimakumi maviri rakaratidzirwa zvakanyanya neudzvanyiriri kana huwori uye kunyangwe izvi zvakapfuura muzviitiko zviri kure zvakanyanya zve zvematongerwo enyika, mumaoko ema inept pazviitiko zvakawanda. Kunyangwe pakupedzisira zvichitevera kuti kwaive kusiri nyore kushomeka asi kushandira kune vepamusoro avo mapato maviri akazvipfuuridzira mune yakasuwa quid pro quo.

Ndiko kushambadzira kukuru, kuchengetedzwa kwezvakanaka zvinopihwa senongedzo yakamisikidzwa, tsika inoparadza inoshandura vezvematongerwo enyika kupfuura vanyengeri kuvavanyengeri vasina kumbobvira vatarisa zvido zvemagariro kupfuura hwaro hwepasirose hunokundwa nemakirasi akakurumbira. Asi chokwadi, izvi zvese kutora kwangu pachezvangu kubva pane imwe nyaya aseptic inotarisa pazvinhu zvekuti iye muverengi anopedzisira achitonga nekuzviisa pasi pekushoropodzwa.

Mamwe mabhuku anonakidza nezvenhoroondo yeSpain ...

Kugadzirwa kweSpain, naHenry Kamen

Ini ndinoda zita iri nekuti hongu, isu tinofanirwa kuziva kuti Spain chigadzirwa, kuvaka. Nenzira imwechete iyo Germany kana China iri. Nekuti pane chete chekare pangea inopararira pakati pemakungwa panguva yekuda kwema tectonic mahwendefa. Mubvunzo ndewokuda kuve wega, kugara munyika imwechete kana kuita zviroto zvehukuru pasi pechivigiro chehupfumi hupfumi hwunowanikwa pazviitiko zvakawanda kubva paropafadzo yekutengesa zvakasarudzika zvakatorwa neparadzano, pasina mumwe munhu.

Marudzi haana kuzvarwa: anochinja uye akasikwa, anomuka kubva mukurwa uye tariro uye anoramba achitenda kushinga kwevanhu vavo. Mupfungwa chaiyoiyo, "zvakagadzirwa", uye kwete nekuti vakafemerwa nenhema, asi nekuti vanoshuvira chokwadi, sezvo pakagara paine dzimwe nzira uye dzinopesana maonero dzakabatsira mukuumba nyika. Iri bhuku kuongororwa kweimwe yeaya mamwe maonero ekuona ayo nekufamba kwenguva akabatsira kuumba maonero edu eSpain. Zviratidzo zvinowanzo kufemerwa nemafungiro uye kukanganisa kunogona kuperekedza, izvo zvinoda kunzwisiswa nekutsanangurwa, pane kurambwa.