Kuti anthropologist asarudze pamusoro peanarchism chinhu chakafanana nekufunga kuti zvese zvakarasika. David Graeber akataura kuti hapana chimiro chehurumende chinogoneka kuvanhu munharaunda, ine muono unofungidzirwa wakazara uyo anthropology inonongedza pahunhu hwevanhu. Tinogona kubva taona kuti democracy yakatoipisisa kupfuura chirevo chekuti ndiyo yakashata pahurongwa hwesocial organisation.
Graeber anogona kunge anga ari chokwadi nezvenyaya yekuti isu pari zvino tinoita setiri kuzviisa pasi pehudzvanyiriri hwepasi pevhu zvehupfumi oligarchic pasi pechifukidzo chemikana yakaenzana uye mamwe masirogani. Kana mhirizhonga yakadaro yaireva kugadzirisa zvese kune imwe mhando yekuenzana, ndinopokana. Kuti mumhirizhonga, pasina mitemo kunze kwetariro mumutsa uye rombo rakanaka, panogona kunge paine kumwe kukunda kwekare kwakakundikana paradigms, pamwe.
Pfungwa ndeyokuti Graeber akanga asiri seanarchist sezvairi pendi. Asi zvakadaro aive aine izvo handizivi kuti ideological ine mazano matsva uye nzira dzinonakidza dzekufunga. Aya ndiwo matangiro akaita mabhuku ake, nhaka yake yakanaka kwazvo...
Mabhuku matatu Epamusoro Anokurudzirwa naDavid Graeber
Muchikwereti: Imwe Nhoroondo yeEconomics
Chikwereti system pane macroeconomic level chimwe chinhu chakaita segomba rakadzikadzika pamusoro pengano. Mari haisi chinhu uye dzimba dzemakadhi ehupfumi hwenyika dzakavakwa pane izvo hapana. Ndiani anoziva zvakanyanya kutengesa mudhudhudhu wavo anozove nekukwanisa kukwereta. Iyo nyaya ine mamwe macroludopathy. Uye zvakadaro, zvinhu zvakakosha senge welfare zvakavakwa pangano dzakaita seizvi...
Bhuku rega rega rehupfumi rinotaura zvakafanana: mari yakagadzirwa kugadzirisa kuoma kuri kukura kweiyo barter system. Iyi vhezheni yenyaya ine dambudziko rakakura: hapana humbowo hwekuitsigira.
Graeber anofumura imwe nhoroondo pakuonekwa kwemari nemisika, uye anoongorora kuti chikwereti chafamba sei kubva pakuva chisungo chehupfumi kuenda kuchisungo chetsika. Kubva pakatanga humambo hwekutanga hwezvekurima, vanhu vakashandisa nzira dzechikwereti dzakadzama kutenga nekutengesa zvinhu, kunyangwe mari isati yatanga. Iko nhasi, mushure mezviuru zvishanu zvemakore, apo kekutanga tinozviwana tiri pamberi pesangano rakakamurwa pakati pevakwereti nevakweretesi, nemasangano akavakwa nechido chekuchengetedza vanokweretesa.
MuChikwereti chinyorwa chinonakidza uye chakakodzera chinobvisa pfungwa dzakaiswa mukuziva kwedu pamwe chete uye inotiratidza maitiro asina kujeka aripo kune chikwereti, seinjini yekukura kwehupfumi kana sechombo chekudzvanyirira.
Shit Mabasa: A Theory
Kuwana zvokudya zvako neziya rechiso chako kwaiva kutyisidzira kukuru. Chimwe chinhu icho zvese zvekare uye zvenguva yemberi zvekushandisa zvakavakwa pazviri. Kurwisana kwekirasi hakumboperi, kwete kunyange pashure pokugadza kodzero pashure pengwavaira yavashandi yeChinjo yeIndasitiri. Kana isina kushandiswa pano, inoshandisirwa ipapo. Kana isingagoni kushandiswa zvisina kufanira zvakananga, inogona kuitwa nenzira isina kujeka.
Kuwana iro basa rakanaka rinonongedzera kukuziva wega kunoita sechimera kazhinji. Kuedza, kuzvivandudza uye kugona kwebhizimusi hazviwanzo kuita zvine musoro mukutarisana nehunyanzvi husina kuenzana, kushambadzira kwehurongwa hwedzidzo uye zvimwe zvipingamupinyi zviri kuwedzera zuva rega rega.
Uyezve pane mubvunzo wemamiriyoni emadhora pamusoro pezvinoreva basa semusana wenzanga, uye David aive pane izvi, achitsvaga mhinduro ...
Basa rako rine musoro kune nzanga here? Muchirimo cha2013, David Graeber akabvunza mubvunzo uyu mune inotamba uye inotsamwisa chinyorwa chakanzi "Pane Phenomenon yeShitty Mabasa." Nyaya yacho yakabva yapararira. Mushure mekuona miriyoni pamhepo mumitauro gumi nenomwe yakasiyana, vanhu vachiri kukakavara mhinduro.
Kune mamiriyoni evanhu - vashandi vevashandi, vatungamiri vekukurukurirana, vatsvakurudzi vekutengesa telemarketing, magweta emakambani ... - vane mabasa asina maturo, uye vanozviziva. Vanhu ava vakabatirira mumabasa akashata. Kanganwa Piketty kana Marx; NdiGraeber, mumwe wevanonyanya kupesvedzera anthropologist uye vatsigiri, anotaura zvinonzwika uye zvakajeka kuti zvizhinji zvezvinoitwa muhupfumi hwenhapwa inzira yebasa risina zvarinoreva, risingakoshi, kana kuti rinotyisa zvokuti kunyange Kwete kunyange mushandi. pachake anokwanisa kupembedza kuvapo kwake, uye pasinei neizvi anonzwa achimanikidzwa kunyepedzera kuti izvi handizvo.
Kutsoropodza kwevanhu kunoteverwa nebhuku racho kwakasimba uye kwakapinza, kunyanya parinosuma mapoka akaomeswa akadai se "mabasa asina maturo," ayo vamwe vashandi vanoita, vanoti, kuchengetedza michina yekare kushanda uye kuchengetedza kambani kubva pakutenga michina mitsva. Hazvisi pasina pfungwa dzayo, sezvo, sezvakataurwa naOrwell, "huwandu hwevanhu vakabatikana kushanda, kunyangwe pamabasa asina maturo zvachose, havana nguva yekuita zvimwe zvakawanda." Nekudaro, sekupedzisa kwaGraeber, zvatinazvo ndezvechigarire shit.
Kwayedza Yezvese: Nyaya Itsva Yemunhu
Isu tinoshanduka here kana kupindirana? Dzimwe nguva zvakaoma kuziva kana kufamba kwedu munyika kunoreva kufambira mberi kune chimwe chinhu chine chirevo chikuru muzvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakadai sekubatana, kubatana, kuenzana ... Nokuti kunze kwekukunda kuduku uye maitiro ekuziva, chokwadi chinonongedza kune rimwe divi.
Kwezvizvarwa takaona madzitateguru edu ari kure sevanhu vekare, vasina ruzivo uye vane chisimba. Takaudzwa kuti kwaingobvira bedzi kuwana budiriro kupfurikidza nokurega rusununguko kana kuti kupfurikidza nokudzora ndangariro dzedu. Muchinyorwa ichi, nyanzvi dzeanthropologist David Graeber naDavid Wengrow vanoratidza kuti pfungwa idzi, dzakabuda muzana ramakore regumi nesere, dzaive maitiro ekuchengetedza nzanga yeEurope kutsoropodzwa kwenyanzvi dzechivanhu uye kuti havana vimbiso yeanthropological uye yekuchera matongo.
Mukuronda iyi mutsara wenhema wepfungwa, bhuku rino rinopokanidza kuti nzanga dzekare dzakanga dzichichinja zvikuru kupfuura zvanga zvichifungwa; nzira inobvisa rondedzero dzakadzika midzi yehwaro, kubva mukusimudzirwa kwemaguta kusvika kumavambo eHurumende, kusaenzana kana hutongi hwejekerere.
Mambakwedza ezvinhu zvose nhoroondo itsva yevanhu, chinyorwa chekurwisana chinoshandura kunzwisisa kwedu kwekare uye kuzarura nzira yekufungidzira maitiro matsva emasangano evanhu. Basa guru rinobvunza pfungwa dzevanofunga vakaita saJared Diamond, Francis Fukuyama naYuval Noah Harari. Nekuti fungidziro yekuti nzanga dzinova dzisina kuenzana uye dzakasununguka sezvadzinove dzakaoma uye "dzakabudirira" haisi chimwe chinhu kunze kwengano.
