Hafu yekutanga yezana ramakore rechi 20 muEurope inonyora huwandu hwakawanda hwevanyori vakapfuura sevanyori vanodiwa vekondinendi yakanyura murima rehondo huru dzenyika.
Ndiri kureva iyo Thomas mann, George Orwell, kana kuti atova muSpain Baroja, unamuno…vanyori vese vakadongorera mugomba remakakatanwa makuru maviri nehondo dzavo dzepashure pehondo, nguva yavo yehondo uye makakatanwa akawedzerwa mukati menguva yakaoma zvekuti kupfuura remangwana rezvematongerwo enyika, akanyora patsva mamiriyoni ehupenyu mumumvuri.
Robert musil, aine chinangwa chakakosha chakafanana sedziya dzakapfuura, nguva dzose pakati pezviripo zvakaremerwa nerecalcitrant pessimism yakafanana neyenguva, uye kutsvaga munhu murima revanhu, akagadzira bhaibheri rakasarudzika.
Haisi muunganidzwa wakakura wemabasa asingapfuure gumi. Uye pamwe chaizvo muhushoma, Musil akasimbisa chiono chakaomarara chenyika kubva pamaonero ehuzivi, akachinjirwa kuita bhuku rine hupfumi hunoshandura zvirongwa zvaro kuita intrahistories nehuremu uye kudzika, zvine zvirevo zvehunhu kubva pakufumurwa kwevatambi vayo. izvo zvakanyanyisa zvinoita kuti tinzwe hupenyu sehumbowo hwekurwadziwa.
Asi kunze kwemashure, zviito zvaMusil zvakare zvinogara zvichikoka pfumo rinokurudzira rakamirira mhedzisiro inokatyamadza, senge chero riini rakakodzera munyu wayo kuti inakidze vaverengi vanoda kugara munzvimbo dzakasimba kudaro.
Epamusoro 3 anokurudzirwa mabhuku naRobert Musil
Murume asina hunhu
Basa neiyo inogara yakasarudzika vitola yeasina kupera inoperekedza munyori mukuru asati abva pachiitiko. Novel rinotsvaga, uye kunyangwe nemagumo aro asina kujeka, rinowana iyo transcendence ye magnum opus, kubva pavhoriyamu kusvika pakushandisa Kuzvikudza mu "Mukutsvaga Nguva Yakarasika."
Kubva pakutanga, kuzvipira, kunopfuura makore gumi, kuvhara basa pasina mubvunzo kunoratidza izvo zvichange zvichifambisa kuzorora kwakanaka kwekufamba kwenguva, pasina kupa kune yekutanga kuona. Chimwe chinhu chinogara chichisimbisa kana uchidzokera kune mavara uye nuances yavo. Ulrich ndiye anonzi murume asina hunhu, murume anotonhora uye akazvipira kune yake nyika yenhamba uye musanganiswa senge nyanzvi yemasvomhu. Maonero ake eparadigmatic enyika anomutiza kubva mukukwezva kusiri kwemasvomhu kwaanonzwa kuna Leona naBonadea.
Kune rimwe divi, mune antipodes yenyika ino isinganzwisisike pakati pehuwandu, kuyemura uye chido chakaitwa algorithm, An Arnheim yatozara nehunhu hwemunhu akanaka, achiziva zvese, connoisseur par kugona kwenyika yanhasi mumativi ayo ese. Kumashure, kuEurope kusati kwatanga kuvira kwehondo muna 1914, panguva yepakati zvivi, zvisina maturo, zvishuvo zvakanyanyisa uye zvishuwo zvevarume vane kana vasina hunhu.
Nezvehupenzi
Chinyorwa pamusoro pehupenzi hachifanirwe kunge chakareba kupfuura mapeji zana pane zvakanakisa. Kunze kwekunge munhu akaita saMusil aita kuti tide kuona kuti hupenzi ndehwedu sehupfu hwatinohupa.
Nekuti upenzi hwakaseka vadzidzi vaProfessor Erdmann paakanyevera kuti ichi, upenzi, chaizova chifukidziro chemharidzo yake mukirasi, hachisi chimwe chinhu kunze kwekusangana kwenyoka yekutya iyo inoputika kubva mukusarura kwedu inokwanisa kukanganisa chokwadi, kusaziva kwedu. tinokwanisa kuzvishingisa kusvika pakuramba kutaura kwemumwe kubva mukukuvadzwa chaiko.
Kuva akachenjera kungava kwakafanana nokusava upenzi zvokuramba takanyarara, kuona tisati tataura, kusunungura pfungwa dzedu tsika dzedu dzokuita gomba renjiva dzisati dzabvisa mukana upi noupi wokubatanidzwa nokudzidza. Ndosaka Erdmann aifanira kutaura nezvehupenzi. Uye saka Musil akanunura iyo pfungwa yese mubhuku diki ratinogona kurangarira kugara tichiedza kutiza kubva pahupenzi hwedu.
Matambudziko eMudzidzi Torless
Icho chokwadi chekusvika pachiitiko chehudiki uye munzvimbo yemauto kuti zvinhu zvinyanye kushata, inopa riini iri padhuze nechero muverengi anoda kupinda munyika yeMusil.
Törless murwi wechidiki akatarisana nekupokana kwakadzama. Nokuti chimwe chinhu chiri maari chinoedza kumutsa rudado rwuya runooneka nechipfuva chakazvimba nepo rutivi rwemwana rusina chokwadi. Kunze kwekuti mwana, pwere yakapfeka yunifomu yehondo, nokukurumidza anodzidza kuita zvisina maturo pamusoro poupenyu norufu, zvinhu izvo kwaari zvichiri chinhu chiri kure zvikuru zvokuti anozviona.
Asi chaizvo iye, Törless, ndiye anopokana zvakanyanya nemasoja uye kunetseka kwake kunomuendesa kupandukira dzimwe nguva achipesana nekutya kwakaiswa. Nekuti hungwaru hwake hwakaputsikirwa nechikepe mumikaha yechirango chemauto uye basa rekuda nyika kurwisa vavengi izvo dzimwe nguva zvinonetsa kuvakomana vadiki saiye. Dzimwe nguva Törles anonzwisisa kuti nguva yapera, kuti hapana mumwe wevamwe vakomana ari munzvimbo yekutiza kuparadzaniswa. Uye kutanga kutiza wega haisi nyaya iri nyore. Saka kunzvenga kunogona kunge kuri mukati, munzvimbo yaunogona kuchengetedza kuti pasava nemunhu anoitora nechisimba kubva mukuziva kwako.
