Mabhuku matatu akanakisa naElvira Roca Barea

Iko kutendeuka kwekubudirira kwe Elvira Rock semunyori zvakaitika muna 2016 nebasa rake "Imperiophobia uye nhema ngano: Roma, Russia, United States uye Spanish Empire". Asi kuti ndisvike ikoko, neiyo clairvoyance yakagadziridzwa kubva kune yake incisive uye yakapusa prose, pakanga paine rakawanda rekare rekutsvaga basa.

Mamwe mabhuku akawanda uye rovedzo inodiwa yokupwiswa nechokwadi. Chokwadi chinogaropwanywa nhasi, saka, chakanakira kununurwa.

Philology ine huchenjeri hwakawanda hwakakosha. Kuzivisa kushanduka kwemutauro ndiko kuziva zvokwadi idzo dzisingasvikiki, dzinovigwa nyore nyore neavo vanovimba nekuisa zvimiro zvakasiyana kwazvo nezvakaitika.

Ndinorangarira imwe nyanzvi yephilologist yazvino inopenyawo mumunda wezvinyorwa, a Irene Vallejo iyo, yakanangana nedzimwe nzvimbo dzeruzivo, inotibatirawo mundiro chokwadi ichocho pamusoro penyika yedu, zvichiwedzera nzwisiso yezvinyorwa zvekare zvenyika yekare.

Kudzokera kune zvataive, nyaya ndeyekuti nekubudirira kusati kwamboitika kweake Ensayo, Elvira akapfuurira kuburitsa mabhuku matsva ane fungidziro huru yekuparadzira yakambowanikwazve nekuda kwechikonzero chakakurumbira semunyori mukuru, muiti wechishamiso chidiki icho chinova nzira yemunhu wese kuchokwadi.

Mabhuku matatu epamusoro anokurudzirwa naMaría Elvira Roca Barea

Imperiophobia uye nhema ngano: Roma, Russia, United States uye Humambo hweSpain

Zvokwadi zvisingafadzi ndezviya zvinoparadza vanovaka vanofarira. Iri bhuku nderechokwadi chiya chikuru, chiri pachena muchiedza chechokwadi chinovapo zvokuti rinotsvuka nokutsvuka uye kunyadziswa kwenhamburiko dzakawanda dzakasimba dzokufukidza chokwadi.

Hazvirevi kuti kukunda uye zvakazotevera humambo hweSpain kwaive rwendo rusina ruzivo rwemasoja eSpain achigovera maruva. Hazvina hazvo zvakadaro. Asi hachisi chokwadi kuti kusvika kweSpain muAmerica chaive chiitiko chinoparadza. Pane zvinyorwa zvakawanda zvevaya vanoda kuziva chokwadi. Humbowo sezvandinotaura zvakafanana, kukanganisa kwaive kwakazara muAmerica uye kufambisa kwetsika uye kufarira kuichengetedza kwaigara kuchiratidzwa kusvika nhasi.

Kuyananisira zvitadzo zvishoma zvekutsvaga mhosva kana kuzvidemba mune vamwe. Vazhinji ndevaya vanoedza kutsvaga mbudzi muumambo hweSpain. Uye zvakadaro zvakapesana zvakaitika, vakanyanya utsinye, mhuka uye vakundi vasingafungi kana vaongorori vaive dzimwe nyika dzakatonyanya kudzidziswa nemadzimambo adzo mukuba nekumisikidza.

María Elvira Roca Barea anogadzirisa muvhoriyamu iyi mubvunzo wekuganhura pfungwa dzehumambo, nhema ngano uye imperiophobia. Nenzira iyi tinogona kunzwisisa kuti maempires uye ngano dzevatema dzinenge dzakabatana nadzo dzakafanana sei, kuti dzinomuka sei dzakagadzirwa nevakangwara vane hukama nemasimba enzvimbo uye kuti maempires pachawo anozviona sei.

Kuzvikudza, hubris, shanje hazvisi zvisizvo kune masimba eumambo. Munyori anobata nezve imperiophobia munyaya dzeRoma, United States neRussia kuti aongorore Humambo hweSpain zvakadzama uye nemaonero ari nani. Muverengi achaona kuti nhoroondo yazvino yenhoroondo yeSpain neEurope yakavakirwa sei pamazano akavakirwa zvakanyanya pamanzwiro anozvarwa nepropaganda pane zviitiko chaizvo.

Kuratidzwa kwekutanga kweHispanophobia muItaly kwakabuda kwakabatana nekuvandudzwa kwevanhu, izvo zvakapa ngano yevatema kupenya kwehungwaru iyo ichiri kunakidzwa. Gare gare, Hispanophobia yakave iyo yepakati axis yeLutheran nationalism uye mamwe maitiro ecentrifugal akazviratidza muNetherlands neEngland.

Roca Barea inoongorora zvikonzero zvekuramba kweHispanophobia, iyo, sekuziva kwayo uye nemaune kushandiswa mudambudziko rechikwereti kwakaratidza, inoramba ichibatsira nyika dzinopfuura imwe. Inzvimbo yakajairika nevose vanofungidzira kuti ruzivo rwezvakaitika kare ndiyo nzira yakanakisisa yekunzwisisa ikozvino uye kufunga nezveramangwana.

Kukundikana

Uye handifungi kuti unofanira kuzvirova. Kukundikana kunogona kuve kudzidza kwehuipi hwakaipa kune chero nzanga. Chete kuti dzimwe nzanga dzinozvigadzira zvakare kupfuura dzimwe, vamwe vanhu vanozvirumbidza kupfuura vamwe nekutadza kwevamwe. Iyo yakaipisisa ndeye apo Herculean moral scourger ari pabasa, anopinda mune kunyange yakanyanya kusakosha masochism.

Chikamu chakakosha chevane mukurumbira vepfungwa uye vezvematongerwo enyika vepamusoro vanofunga kuti Spain haina kungoita nhoroondo ine njodzi yekunyara nayo, asiwo yakadzika musimboti.
(chinyakare) icho chine tsika dzakaderera pane dzedzimwe nyika dzakavakidzana.

Kana in Imperiophobia uye nhema ngano María Elvira Roca Barea akatsanangura kuti rudzii rwechiitiko chenhoroondo yaive ngano nhema uye sei uye nei yakaitika, chinangwa chikuru cheFracasología ndechekufumura zvikonzero nei misoro yeHispanophobia yakatorwa munyika yedu uye yakasanganiswa nekufamba kwenguva.

Kubva muzana ramakore rechi XNUMX, pfungwa dzakadai sekuderera, kukundikana, kusanzwisisika, kusarudzika kwave kwakabatana nepfungwa yeSpain, uye hukama hwekupokana pakati pechikamu chakanaka chevakuru veSpanish nenyika yavo chinotanga, chinoguma nehondo dzeNapoleonic. uye ichiripo. Aya mazano eHispanophobic akapararirawo muLatin America yese uye achave nezvakawanda zvekuita nekushaya simba kweNyika dzinomuka kubva mukuparara kweHumambo hweSpain, uye cheni yekugumbuka kwayakagadzira nekugadzira.

Kuda nyika kwakasununguka kwezana ramakore rechigumi nemapfumbamwe hakuna chakwaigona kuita kudzinga pfungwa dzisina kunaka pamusoro peSpain, uye chizvarwa che98 chakasimbisa manzwiro ekukundikana uye zvakakonzera paroxysm.

Makirasi ekutonga eSpain kazhinji ane pfungwa shoma yekutarisira Spain uye kushayikwa kwekuvimba kunoparadza. Maitiro e centrifugal ayo aripo munyika anodyiswa neiyi negativity, iyo inonetesa Nyika uye inogadzira tambo ye systoles uye diastoles inomutswa zvakare uye zvakare.

6 mienzaniso nyaya 6

Kunyangwe fiction ine transcendent touch muElvira. Zvose mukusarudzwa kwemavara ayo uye munguva pakati peanecdotal uye zvakakosha kuti unzwisise kuberekwa kwemafungiro, ekutya kutsva kuisa kana hutachiona hwepfungwa kuti huite inoculate kunyange kubva mumutauro. 6 nyaya 6, uye pasina chero marara.

Nekuuya kwekusawirirana kweLutheran, nyika yeMediterranean-Catholic yakafungidzira nekusaziva hurukuro yehukuru hwetsika hwakaiswa nePurotesitendi kuchamhembe. Nenzira iyi mazwi akadai se "rusununguko", "kushivirira", "sayenzi" uye "Reform" anoramba ari kune rumwe rutivi uye kune rumwe, semufananidzo wakashata wegirazi "udzvinyiriri", "kusashivirira", "kunyanyisa" uye, enda kuna Mwari. , "Counter Reformation." Kubvira pakutanga, hondo inokosha zvikurusa, iyo yomutauro, yakarasika, uye pakati pezvombo zvayo pakanga pane mashoko anoparadzirwa, chinhu chitsva chinokosha chokunzwisisa budiriro yokuMadokero muhafu yokupedzisira yemireniyumu.

Nhau nhanhatu dzakaunganidzwa pano dzine semabviro adzo enyika yechiPurotesitendi munguva dzakasiyana-siyana nenzvimbo muEurope. Munyori akasarudza nguva nhanhatu kubva mumazana emikana anoshanda seanopokana kune icho chiono che monolithic chakaiswa kubva pakusawirirana uye umo nyika yeMediterranean yakatsanangurwa - kusvika nhasi - seDhimoni reMaodzanyemba. Mavari tichaona mavara nemazita asingazivikanwe saLuther, Ana de Sajonia, Calvin, Felipe Guillermo de Orange-Nassau, dangwe raGuillermo de Orange, kana kuti William Shakespeare pachake.

Mamwe mabhuku anokurudzirwa naElvira Roca Barea

Varoyi nemubvunzi

Panguva yandakanyora nhoroondo yakawanda yeLogroño Auto de Fe ye1610. Ndakaitumidza kuti «Mweya wemoto«. Uye munhu anozvininipisa nguva dzose anoedza kuunza chiratidzo chakasiyana kunhoroondo. Nekuti ndizvo zvinorehwa nenganonyorwa dzenhoroondo. Muchiitiko ichi, Elvira Roca Barea anotaurawo mazuva iwayo pamberi pekupisa kukuru muguta guru reLa Rioja. Uye sezviri pachena nedhigirii ra master makore mashoma kubva munyaya yangu. Chiripo ndechekuti pandakazvinyudza panguva iyoyo mune vamwe vatambi vemazuva iwayo, kumhara pane iyi nyaya kunoguma kwave kunakidza kusanganazve.

Muna 1609 vanhu vakati wandei vanopomerwa huroyi mumusha weNavarrese weZugarramurdi. Chii chaiita senge chiitiko chimwe chete, chisina kukosha kuwana hutachiona husina kujairika. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, Mubvunzurudzo Mukuru Bernardo de Sandoval akatumira Alonso de Salazar y Frías kuLogroño, dzimbahwe reHoly Office.

Haisi huroyi chete, ziso rakaipa, ndege dzehusiku kana kubata kwenyama naLucifer: kune avo vanoreurura kuponda kwakashata uye kushandiswa kwakarongeka kwevana seacolyte yeBig Bastard. Asi nei denda iri ikozvino neane epicenter mumusha uri padyo nemuganhu weFrance? Huroyi chionioni chinoratidza kukakavara uye zvido zvakasiyana-siyana, zvizhinji zvacho zvisina chokuita nadhiyabhorosi here?

MuLas brujas y el inquisidor, Elvira Roca anoratidza nhoroondo yeAlonso de Salazar, seyakakanganwa sezvainofanirwa, uye inotitungamirira parwendo runonakidza kuburikidza nekupinda nekubuda kwehuroyi muzana remakore rechiXNUMX, apo hondo dzechitendero, kurwisana kwezvematongerwo enyika. uye mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu akanyandura kuvhimwa kukuru kwevaroyi muEurope. Munyaya yeZugarramurdi, mukuwedzera, hatifanire kukanganwa kukwikwidzana pakati peFrance neSpain kutonga kweNavarra. Mubvunzi Alonso de Salazar achatarisana neizvi zvese zvine simba rezvombo zvevanhu: chikonzero.