Kuvhenekerwa ndicho chainacho. Muunganidzwa wemamiriro ezvinhu pakati pekushanduka-shanduka, kufambira mberi kwesainzi, kuenderera mberi kwekunetsekana kwevanhu uye kusangana kwevafungi vakuru, kwakaguma kwave kutanga zana ramakore regumi nesere senzira yekusvetuka yakanangana nekurimwa kwevanhu pasi pekubwinya kwehungwaru uye kufunga.
Y Voltaire Akanga ari mumwe wevamiririri vanozivikanwa veichi chiitiko chekuzvarwa patsva kuti aivimba mukupararira kwetsika, muchikamu chayo uye maungira makuru, semikana mikuru pakuvaka nyika iri nani.
Zvinogona kutariswa kuti, tichitarisa mhedzisiro (akanyanya kuziviswa mune dzakawanda zviitiko ndivo vavengi vakaipisisa vevanhu), anogona kunge asina ruzivo kana kunyatsoita hunhu. Asi zvakange zvaitika kusvika panguva iyoyo zvakatonyanya. Saka danho rekufambira mberi muiyo encyclopedia yepasirese inoratidzika kunge inodikanwa munzira ipi neipi (zvirinani kuti zvakafanira kuyedza kubuda mumumvuri uchiri wakarembera pamusoro pehana dzakajairika).
Asi pamusoro pechiitiko chinobatika chenhoroondo, Voltarie aivewo munyori, pamwe ndiye ane mhedzisiro huru kwazvo mutsinga yake yekunyepedzera Rousseau (uyo Voltaire anogoverana naye gore rekufa), Diderot o montesquie, vese zvavo vakatarisa pabasa rakaoma rekuparadzira kana huzivi kune kuzvarwa kukuru pasi rose.
Hongu zvirokwazvo. Isu hatisi kuwana mumanovels ake kana nyaya huru zvekufungidzira asi asi hukuru hwepfungwa dzinofambiswa dzakashongedzwa kuburikidza nemavara ane kunyepedzera kwekunyepedzera. Asi nyasha ndedzekuvavarira pane izvi zvese nepfungwa yekunakidzwa, inova dante mutambo dzimwe nguva.
Uye ndizvo chaizvo chikonzero nei zvichinakidza kutanga ngano yaVoltaire. Kufunga kwake kunova nemutsa pakati pechiito uye pasi peiyo pfungwa yaakakurisa pane dzakawanda nyaya ...
Wepamusoro matatu akakurudzira mabhuku naVoltaire
Kuda kana tariro
Pasina kupokana iri ndiro basa iro, kusvika pamwero mukuru, rinomiririra kupindira kwezvinyorwa zvachose nemunyori. Zviitiko uye zvisizvo, zvinosekesa zvinomboitika pakati pekusava netariro pamusoro penhaka yemunhu kusvika panguva yaVoltaire.
Muongororo yaro yakazara inofarirwa neshanduko yezvisikwa zvemavara, tinopfuura nemuEurope zviitiko zvenguva iyoyo. Candido anomiririra kuda, kwekuvimba mumunhu.
Chokwadi chakakasharara chinomumirira, somuedzo wokutenda mukutarisana nawo uyo kupererwa kwake nguva dzose kunopfekedzwa zvakare nokuomerera uye kutsungirira. Pakati pezvinhu zvikuru zvinosuruvarisa zvebudiriro yedu, Candide anoguma ave icho mwenje unodiwa kubva pakubva pakutungidzazve nyika yakanyudzwa murima rezvisikwa zvayo zvekunyomba.
Mibvunzo yaZapata
Rondedzero yefilosofi inouya kubva kuzwi remunhu anozviratidza mune imwe hurukuro anopedzisira ave chinangwa chekurondedzera. Kazhinji kusahadzika kwechimiro kunouya kwakahwanda semavhesi.
Kunyanya zvakadaro kune zano rebhukwana rakareruka seino. Asi zvechokwadi, munyaya yaVoltaire, ine rimwe remabasa akawandisa eChiedza, kusava nechokwadi uko Zapata anopa nenzira yakapfupika, nhema huru dzechitendero icho, mukutarisana nemaitiro ekutanga, anoguma. achirega kumira.
Kurapa pakushivirira
Uye pamberi peizwi pfupi rinosimuka kubva kuna Zapata uyo anobvunza asina kuwana mhinduro, isu tinowana iri ikozvino basa rakasimba rinoratidzika kunge rakavhura hoko kubva kuZapata iyo izere nekusagadzikana. Nekuti pano zvinhu zviri pachena.
Zapata zvino anova Jean Calas, muPurotesitendi. Pamwe aive mumwe murume akazara nemibvunzo uye ane mhinduro chete kwaive kupfupiswa kwake kuurayiwa. Asi kubva pamumiriri wayo, Voltaire akapedzisira anyora chibvumirano ichi chinochema kupokana nekutenda iyo panguva iyoyo yakanga ichitanga kuonekwa seimwe yemanyuko ekutanga ehuipi hwevanhu.
